MET AL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Studies of Some Biochemical and Environmental Problems ADV ANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: Nathan Back Chairman, Department 0/ Biochemical Pharmacology, School 0/ Pharmacy, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York N. R. Di Luzio Chairman, Department 0/ Physiology, Tulane University School 0/ Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana Alfred Gellhorn University 0/ Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Bernard Halpern College de France, Director of the Institute 0/ Immuno·Biology, Paris, France Ephraim Katchalski Department of Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Abel Lajtha New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction, Ward's Island, New York Rodolfo Paoletti Institute 0/ Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Volume 1 THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and R. Paoletti' 1967 Volume 2 PHARMACOLOGY OF HORMONAL POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS Edited by N. Back, L. Martini, and R. Paoletti' 1968 Volume 3 GERM·FREE BIOLOGY: Experimental and Clinical Aspects Edited by E. A. Mirand and N. Back' 1969 Volume 4 DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM Edited by W. L. Holmes, L. A. Carlson, and R. Paoletti' 1969 VolumeS LYMPHATIC TISSUE AND GERMINAL CENTERS IN IMMUNE RESPONSE Edited by L. Fiore·Donati and M. G. Hanna, Jr. • 1969 Volume 6 RED CELL METABOLISM AND FUNCTION Edited by George J. Brewer' 1970 Volume 7 SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Edited by Martin Blank' 1970 Volume 8 BRADYKININ AND RELATED KININS: Cardiovascular, Biochemical, and Neural Actions Edited by F. Sicuteri, M. Rocha e Silva, and N. Back' 1970 Volume 9 SHOCK: Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects Edited by A. Bertelli and N. Back' 1970 Volume 10 THE HUMAN TESTIS Edited by E. Rosemberg and C. A. Paulsen' 1970 Volume 11 MUSCLE METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE Edited by B. Pemow and B. Saltin • 1971 Volume 12 MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY Edited by K. Lindahl·Kiessling, G. AIm, and M. G. Hanna, Jr. • 1971 Volume 13 CHEMISTRY AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Edited by R. Paoletti and A. N. Davison' 1971 Volume 14 MEMBRANE·BOUND ENZYMES Edited by G. Porcellati and F. di leso • 1971 Volume 15 THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND IMMUNE PHENOMENA Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and K. Flemming '1971 Volume 16A THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: Pathogenesis Edited by Stewart Wolf· 1971 Volume 16B THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: Measurement and Modification Edited by Stewart Wolf, 1971 Volume 17 CONTROL OF RENIN SECRETION Edited by Tatiana A. Assaykeen • 1972 Volume 18 THE DYNAMICS OF MERISTEM CELL POPULATIONS Edited by Morton W. Miller and Charles C. Kuehnert· 1972 Volume 19 SPHINGOLIPIDS, SPHINGOLIPIDOSES AND ALLIED DISORDERS Edited by Bruno W. Volk and Stanley M. Aronson' 1972 Volume 20 DRUG ABUSE: Nonmedical Use of Dependence·Producing Drugs Edited by Simon Btesh • 1972 Volume 21 VA SOPEPTIDES: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiology Edited by N. Back and F. Sicuteri • 1972 Volume 22 COMPARATIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES Edited by Colin M. Bloor' 1972 Volume 23 THE FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF SHOCK Edited by Lerner B. Hinshaw and Barbara G. Cox' 1972 Volume 24 THE VISUAL SYSTEM: Neurophysiology, Biophysics, and Their Clinical Applications Edited by G. B. Arden' 1972 Volume 25 GLYCOLIPIDS, GLYCOPROTEINS, AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Edited by Vittorio Zambotti, Guido Tettamanti, and Mariagrazia Arrigoni' 1972 Volume 26 PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIPID METABOLISM Edited by William L. Holmes, Rodolfo Paoletti, and David Kritchevsky • 1972 Volume 27 DRUGS AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT Edited by M. A. Klingberg, A. Abramovici, and.T. Chemke • 1973 Volume 28 HEMOGLOBIN AND RED CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Edited by George l. Brewer' 1972 Volume 29 MICROENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY Edited by Branislav D. Jankovic and Katarina Isakovic ·1972 Volume 30 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE THYROID GLAND: Relation to Endemic Cretinism Edited by J. B. Stanbury and R. L. Kroc • 1972 Volume 31 IMMUNITY IN VIRAL AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES Edited by A. Kohn and M. A. Klingberg· 1973 Volume 32 FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Edited by A. N. Davison, P. Mandel, and I. G. Morgan· 1972 Volume 33 NEUROHUMORAL AND METABOLIC ASPECTS OF INJURY Edited by A. G. B. Kovach, H. B. Stoner, and J. J. Spitzer· 1972 Volume 34 PLATELET FUNCTION AND THROMBOSIS: A Review of Methods Edited by P. M. Mannucd and S. Gorini • 1972 Volume 35 ALCOHOL INTOXIC~TION AND WITHDRAWAL: Experimental Studies Edited by Milton M. Gross· 1973 Volume 36 RECEPTORS FOR REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES Edited by Bert W. O'Malley and Anthony R. Means· 1973 Volume 37A OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE: Instrumentation, Methods, and Physiology Edited by Haim I. Bicher and Duane F. Bruley· 1973 Volume 37B OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE: Pharmacology, Mathematical Studies, and Neonatology Edited by Duane F. Bruley and Haim I. Bieher • 1973 Volume 38 HUMAN HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIAS: Principles and Methods Edited by R. Fumagalli, G. Ricci, and S. Gorini • 1973 Volume 39 CURHENT TOPICS IN CORONARY HESEARCH Edited by Colin M. Bloor and Ray A. Olsson· 1973 Volume 40 METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: Studies of Some Biochemical and Environmental Problems Edited by Sanat K. Dhar • 1973 Volume 41A PURINE METABOLISM IN MAN: Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways Edited by O.Sperling, A. De Vries, and J. B. Wyngaarden • 1973 Volume 4lB PURINE METABOLISM IN MAN: Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Uric Acid Metabolism Edited by O. Sperling, A. De Vries, and J. B. Wyngaarden. 1973 METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Studies of Some Biochemical and Environmental Problems Edited by Sanat K. Dhar De Paul University Chicago, Illinois PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK. LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Metal ions in biological systems: studies of some biochemical and environmental problems. (Advances in experimental medicine and biology, v. 40) Proceedings of a conference on the role of metal ions in biological systems held Nov. 20·21, 1972, at Argonne National Laboratory, sponsored by the Central States Universities, Inc., the Center for Educational Affairs, Argonne National Laboratory, and the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. Includes bibliographies. 1. Metals in the body-Congresses. 2. Metal ions-Congresses. 3. Pollution Congresses. I. Dhar, San at K., ed. II. Central States Universities, inc. III. United States. Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Ill. Center for Educational Affairs. IV. United States. Atomic Energy Commission. [DNLM: 1. Biochemistry-Con. gresses. 2. Metals-Congresses. WI AD559 v. 40 1972 I QV290 M584 1972] QP531.M47 612' .0152 73·15981 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3242-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3240-4 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3240-4 Conference Committee: S. S. Danyluk, S. K. Dhar (Chairman), L. W. Dini, A. B. Edmundson, L. I. Katzin, A. Lindenbaum, J. J. Nisbet, D. O. Van Ostenburg, J. Shen·Miller, M. Schiffer. Sponsors: Central States Universities, Inc., 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois; Argonne Center for Educational Affairs, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Proceedings of a conference on the Role of Metal Ions in Biological Systems held November 20 and 21, 1972, at Argonne National Laboratory. © 1973 Plenum Press, New York A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y.I0011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I 5t edition 1973 United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. Davis House (4th Floor), 8, Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, London, NW 10 6 SE, England All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher PREFACE The articles published in this volume are based on the papers del ivered at a conference on the Role of Metal Ions in Biological Systems held November 20 and 21, 1972, at Argonne National Laboratory. The purpose of the conference was to present to an interdiscipl inary audience of physical scientists some recent developments illustrating the chemical and environ mental participation of the heavy metal ions in the biological system. The invited speakers at the conference are special ists in the fields they describe, and the articles presented here are at a level of interest to readers with backgrounds in physical sciences who are not necessari Iy doing research in the areas described. The articles are referenced through 1972, and in some cases early 1973, and thus should also be of value to research workers. It is hoped that the book wi II be of particular interest to chemists, biologists, workers in the fields of en vironmental science and publ ic health, as wei I as graduate and senior undergraduate students in these discipl ines. The conference was sponsored by the Central States Universities, Inc., a consortium of sixteen midwestern univer sities, the Center for Educational Affairs, Argonne National Laboratory, and the United States Atomic Energy Commission. It is my pleasure to thank the members of the conference committee for their ideas and active help in organizing the conference. I am also indebted to many of my col leagues at various CSUI in stitutions for their valuable suggestions towards the implemen tation of the conference. Special thanks are due to Mrs. Dorothy Carlson and her associates at Argonne National Laboratory for the i r flaw Ie ss arrangements. I wou I d a I so like to thank Mrs. Susan O'Brien for her ski I Iful typing of the photocopy of the vi i vii i PREFACE manuscript. Finally, I wish to thank my fami Iy for their wi I ling sacrifice during the period the conference and assembl ing this volume took much of my time that was their due. Sanat K. Dhar LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS N. A. Berger, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland B. G. Blaylock, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee J. J. Butzow, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland P. Clark, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland G. L. Eichhorn, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland Karl D. Hardman, Division of Biological and Medical Research, Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne, I I I inois Rolf Hartung, Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Paul R. Harrison, Department of Environmental Control, City of Chicago, Chicago, I I I inois J. Heim, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland ix x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Arthur Lindenbaum, Division of Biological and Medical Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, I I I inois A. S. Mi Idvan, The Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase, Phi la delphia, Pennsylvania J. B. Nei lands, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California J. Pitha, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland G. H. Reed, Department of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Phi ladelphia, Pennsylvania C. Richardson, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, r~aryland J. M. Rifkind, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland Jack Schubert, Department of Radiation Health, Graduate School of Publ ic Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Michael C. Scrutton, Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Phi ladelphia, Pennsylvania Y. Shin, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National .Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland E. Tarien, Laboratory of Molecular Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland Bert L. Val lee, Biophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Bio logical Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, and the Division of Medical Biology, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts