Notalepid. 29(3/4): 137-144 137 Menophra annegreteae sp. n., a new ennomine well established in southern Spain, with notes on the status ofSardocyrnia fortunaria (Vazquez, 1905) (Geometridae: Ennominae) Peder Skou Kirkeby Sand 19, 5771 Stenstrup, Denmark;e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Menophra annegreteae sp. n. is described on material from south-eastern Spain. The new species is superficially similar to Sardocyrnia bastelicaria (Bellier, 1862) and Sardocyrniafortunaria (Vazquez, 1905).Allthree speciesare illustrated. Zusammenfassung.Menophraannegreteae sp. n. wirdaus Südostspanien beschrieben. Äußerlich ähnelt die neueArt Sardocyrnia bastelicaria (Bellier, 1862) und S.fortunaria (Vazquez, 1905). Alle drei Arten werdenzusammen mitihren männlichenundweiblichenGenitalien abgebildet. Key words. Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Menophra, annegreteae, Spain, new species, morphology, distribution,Sardocyrnia, bastelicaria,fortunaria. Introduction So far the ennomine genus Menophra Moore, 1887 comprises 65 described species distributed in the Old World from Japan and Taiwan in the east to western Europe (incl. Madeira) in the west; southwards it ranges to the Cape province. A single New World taxon, M. angustipennis (Dognin, 1907), described from Peru, is also currently assignedto the genus (Scoble 1999). So faramere six species have been recorded from Europe (Müller 1996). Little is known about the biology ofthese moths and host-plant records seem available only for eight species, including one European. During a trip to Spain in April-May 2000 I collected Geometridae close to the village of Cabo de Gata in the province ofAlmeria. Among these were three specimens that looked superficially most similarto what I then considered as Sardocyrnia bastelicaria (Bellier, 1862). Despite the rather worn state of the three specimens, they did look different from S. bastelicaria and I decided to spreadthem. At home I compared them with S. bastelicaria specimens in my collection and I noticed that the antennae were different, andthe newly collected specimens had palps that were hardly visible. Shortly after I found two fresh specimens with the same type ofantennae and very short palps among unidentified material from Tabernas (labelled 'Mini Hollywood'), province of Almeria; they had been collected by the Danish lepidopterist Fritz Schepler in June 1994.Thoughtheirwingmarkingsweredifficulttocomparewiththoseofthethreeworn specimens from Cabo de Gata, they looked considerably darker. The antennal structure and the reduced palps made me suppose that these five specimens could belong to an overlookedMenophra species. This was laterconfirmedby Dr. Dieter Stiining, ZFMK, who compared the male genitalia from one of the Spanish specimens with those of the comprehensive genitalia slide collection of western Palaearctic Menophra species in 'Museum Koenig'. In late April 2001, in order to obtain more detailed knowledge of the new species I arranged another collecting trip to south-eastern Spain with my Notalepidopterologica, 19.01.2007, ISSN0342-7536 138 Skou:anewennomine speciesfrom Spain friends Bjarne Skule and Carsten Hviid. The trip was a great success with 8 specimens obtained from Cabo de Gata and 14 from Tabernas. Later the new species was found also by other lepidopterists (see below). Abbreviations ZFMK ZoologischesForschungsinstitutundMuseumAlexanderKoenig, Bonn,Germany ZMUC Zoological Museum, University ofCopenhagen, Denmark MNMS MuseoNacional deCienciasNaturales,Madrid, Spain Menophra annegreteae sp. n. Material. Holotype, cT, Spain,Almeria, CabodeGata, 10 m, 16.-17.V.2001, leg. Skou & Skule,coll. ZMUC. - Paratypes: 6cr, Iç, same data as holotype, leg. et coll. Skou and Skule; ScT, Iç same data as holotype,but5 m,2.,4.V.2000,30.vii.2003,leg.etcoll. Skou(cT prep.Fibiger4143);3cr, 19,samedataas holotype,but,0m,29.iii.,3.vi.2002, 19.iv.2003,leg.etcoll.Viehmann; 1cT,samedata,but4.iii.2003,leg. etcoll. Schmitz; 11cT,2ç,Almeria,2kmSWTabernas, [RambladeTabernas],350m, 18.,23.,25.iv.2001, leg. Skou, Hviid & Skule, (9 prep. Fibiger4144), coll. Skou and Hviid; 45cT, 179 same data, but400 m, 31.vii.2003, 15., 24.-25., 29.V.2006, leg. etcoll. P. SkoWu; 4cr samedata, but 5.vi.2002. leg. Schmitz, coll. Viehmann andZFMK. 6cf, 29, same data, but 10 km Tabernas, 300 m, 19.V.2003, leg. Jeppesen, coll. Jeppesen andFibiger. IcfAlmeria, Mini Hollywood, 1000 m, 2.vi.1994, leg. Schepler; IcT samedata,but 600 m, 3.vi.l994,ZMUC. Description. Labial palps reduced as in other Menophra species (here shorter than largesteyediameter),porrect, withall segmentsequally long. Maleantennabipectinate, with long lamellae; female antenna filiform. Habitus (Figs 1-2). Wingspan: 22-30 mm. Forewing brownish, suffused with black scales; transverse lines blackish brown; antemedial line oblique, not reaching costa; postmedial line oblique, wavy, angular shortly before reaching costa; terminal line blackish brown; discal spot small, black. Hindwing concolorous with forewing, with darker transverse line beyond indistinct discal spot. Undersides ofboth wings greyish; on hindwing with weak distal spot and transverse line. Variability. The ground colour ofthe wings is variable, and so is the distinctness of the blackish brown markings. It is remarkable that specimens of M. annegreteae from Cabo de Gata are lighter brown than the specimens from Tabernas. The distance between thetwo localities is only 32 km. The specimensfromlateJuly areconsiderably smaller than those flying earlier and later in the year: only 22-24 mm. This could indicate the occurrence ofat least three generations.The males are a little smaller than the females. Male genitalia (Figs 7-8). Uncus triangular, dorsally setose. Gnathos prominent, apically smoothly truncate. Saccus v-shaped. Valva with strongly sclerotised costal bar with bifurcate tip; proximal ends of bars bluntly tapered and weakly sclerotised, not transversely united. Area immediately below costal bar membraneous. Lower part of valva lightly sclerotised; a broad thick-walled groove extending from middle of valva into rounded cucullus; lower margin of groove appearing as prominent line in slide mounts. Juxta large, strongly sclerotised, shield-shaped. Aedeagus straight, widest at coecum, tapered towards apex and ending ventrally in spine-like process; vesica membranous without diverticulum or cornuti, only with small subapical field of spinules (n=3). , 139 Notalepid. 29(3/4): 137-144 Figs 1-6. Adults ofMenophra and Sardocyrnia species. 1. Menophra aimegreteae sp. n., holotype, cf Spain. 2. Menophra annegreteae sp. n., paratype, 9, Spain. 3. Sardocyrnia fortimaria, cT, Spain. 4.Sardocyrniafortimaria, 9, Spain. 5.Sardocyrnia bastelicaria, cT,Corsica. 6.Sardocyrniahastelicaria, 9,Corsica. Female genitalia (Fig. 13). Ovipositor lobes rounded, slightly sclerotised, den- sely covered with setae; another patch of setae present on mid-ventral area in front of ovipositor lobes. Segment A8 dorsally sclerotised, ventrally largely membranous. Postvaginal area transversely wrinkled. Lamella antevaginalis slightly sclerotised, shortestinmiddle,withlongitudinal(laterallycurved: longitudinal/transverse)wrinkles. Ductus bursae moderately sclerotised, sub-cylindrical, almost as long as apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae ovoid, membranous, with very weakly sclerotised signum. Ductus seminalis arising close to ductus bursae ventrally (n=2). 140 Skou:anewennomine speciesfromSpain Figs. 7-12. cf genitaliaofMenophra and Sardocyrnia species. 7-8. Menophraannegreteae sp. n. 9-10.Sardocyrniafortunaria. 11-12.Sardocyrniahastelicaria. Notalepid. 29(3/4): 137-144 141 15 Figs 13-15. 9 genitaliaofMenophra andSardocyrnia species. 13.Menophraannegreteae sp. n. 14. Sar- docyrniafortunaria. 15.Sardocyrniabastelicaria. Differential diagnosis. In habitus, the otherEuropean Menophra species clearly differ fromM. annegreteae. Only some very darkextremeforms ofM. abruptaria (Thunberg, 1792) andM.japygiaria (O. Costa, 1849) may, very superficially, be confused with the new species. These species, togetherwithM. berenicidaria (Turati, 1924) {=trypanaria Wiltshire, 1948) may in fact be phylogenetically close to the new species, but differ structurally in male genitalia in the stout cornuti of the aedeagus, the smaller dorsal processofthecostal furcaofthe valva, and in thedigitiform, slightly bill-shapeduncus; in female genitalia the signum is well sclerotised. Also the north-western African species M. dubiosa (Albers & Warnecke, 1941) and M. undulosa (Albers & Warnecke, 1941) recorded from south-eastern Spain, bear cornuti in the aedeagus, the latter being longer and narrower than in M. annegreteae. Thenew speciesis superficiallymostsimilartoSardocyrniabastelicaria (Bellier, 1862) (Figs. 5-6), occurring only on Sardinia and Corsica, and S.fortunaria (Vazquez, 1905) (Figs. 3-4) from Spain. The status ofthe latter taxon will be dealt with below. The two Sardocyrnia species can be separated from M. annegreteae sp. n. by the course of the costal part ofthe post-medial line (dentate in Sardocyrnia, angled in M. annegreteae), the different antennae of the males, and the well developed palps. The differences in genitaha are distinctive: the males ofboth S. bastelicaria (Figs. 11-12) and S. fortunaria (Figs. 9-10) are rather similar to each other and differ from those of M. annegreteae in having no gnathos, a long cone-like uncus, an extremely broad tegumen, a costa with two ventral processes, and a long, medially constricted juxta. Females of these Sardocyrnia species differ from that of M. annegreteae in having a 142 Skou:anewennomine speciesfromSpain Fig. 16. HabitatoiMeiiophraannegreteae sp. n. CabodeGata. heavily sclerotised ostium ring, a very short ductus bursae (as long as wide), and an elongate, pear-shaped corpus bursae. Distribution.Menophraannegreteae sp. n. isonlyknownfromtheAlmeriaprovincein south-eastern Spain. All specimens labelled 'Tabernas' have been found in the Rambla de Tabernas at an altitude of 400 m. The different altitudes indicated on the labels reflect different ways of altitude recording. Apparently the new species is becoming more and more abundant at Tabernas. In May 2006 a total on 101 specimens came to light in four nights, with a maximum of37 specimens in one night. Derivatio nominis. The new species is named after my life companion, Anne-Grete Klausen. Life history. The early stages are unknown. The habitat at Cabo de Gata (Fig. 16) is a salt marsh and the habitat at Tabernas (Fig. 17) is a dry and extremely warm canyon both situated in the Almeria province, the driest and warmest region in Europe. The moth appears to fly in several generations as it was so far found in early and late March through April, in early, mid, and late May, in early June, in late July, and in late October. It is attracted to ultraviolet light. Sugaring was used, but no specimens ofM. annegreteae were attracted in this manner. Remarks. The taxon name S. fortunaria has apparently been unused from the date of its description until 1999, when it was listed at the species rank by Scoble (1999). Subsequently it was used by Redondo & Gaston (2004), but without a differential diagnosis with regards to S. bastelicaria. It has not been possible to trace the type- specimen(s) of S. fortunaria. There is no type material in MNMS, and Dr. Carolina Martin ofthat museum informed me that the fate ofVazquez's collection is unknown. 143 Notalepid. 29 (3/4): 137-144 Fig. 17.HabitatofMenophraannegreteae sp. n. Tabernas. The male genitalia of S. bastelicaria (Figs 11-12; n = 3) differ from those of S.for- tunaria (Figs 9-10; n = 3) in the smooth surface between the outer process and apex ofcosta ofthe valva? (this surface isjagged with small broad spines in S.fortunaria). Moreover the juxta is less constricted medially and the pointed apex of the aedeagus is shorter. The female genitalia of S. bastelicaria (Fig. 15; n=2) and S. fortunaria (Fig. 14; n=2) are rather similar to each other and differ mainly in the sclerotisation adjacent to the ostium. S. fortunaria appears to be an Iberian endemic occurring over a large part of the peninsula where it is found from sea level at Cabo de Gata,AlmeriaProvince and up to m atleast 1200 atAlbarracin,TeruelProvince. S. bastelicaria is endemic to Corsisaand Sardinia where it apparently occurs at lower altitudes. S.fortunaria and S. bastelicaria are superficially very similar, but in S. bastelicaria the postmedial line is in general more bent close to dorsum. The colour ofboth species is brownish, but S. bastelicaria has a more greyish tint. Acknowledgements First ofall, I wish to thank my life companion and travelling partneron so many field trips,Anne-Grete Klausen, for her support and forbearance. Moreover I am especially grateful to Michael Fibiger, Sor0, Denmark,andOleKarsholt,ZMUCformuchhelpandencouragementtofinishthispaper,MichaelFibiger alsodidthegenitaliapreparations.IalsowishtothankVladimirKononenko,Vladivostok,forphotosofthe imagines, DieterStüning, ZFMK, forconfirmingthe vahdity ofthe new species by checking the genitalia collection of ZFMK. Thanks are also due to Niels Peder Kristensen and Axel Hausmann, Zoologische MNMS Staatssammlung, Munich,Germany, forhelp indifferentways,toCarolinaMartin, forproviding information, to Bjarne Skule, Veks0, Denmark, and Carsten Hviid, Virum, Denmark, forjoining me on the 2001 fieldtrip, andto GertJeppesen, Elken0re, Denmark,Willibald Schmitz andJoachimViehmann, BergischGladbach,Germany, forpermissionto include theirmaterial. ' 144 Skou:anew ennomine speciesfromSpain References Albers, T. & G. Warnecke 1941. Beiträge zurKenntnis marokkanischerBoarmien (Lep. Het. Geo- metr.). -MitteilungenderMünchenerEntomologischenGesellschaft31: 110-145,4pis. Müller, B. 1996. Geometridae. Pp. 218-249. - In: O. Karsholt & J. Razowski (ed.), The Lepidoptera of Europe, aDistributional Checklist. -ApolloBooks, Stenstrup. Redondo,V. &F.J. Gaston2004.CatalogodelosGeometridaedeAragon.-CatalogusdelaEntomofauna Aragonnesa30: 3—47. Scoble, M. J. (ed.), M. S. Parsons, M. R. Honey, L. M. Pitkin & B. R. Pitkin, 1999. Geometrid Moths oftheWorld.ACatalogue. 2Vols. -Collingwood & Stenstrup. XXV+ 1016+ 129 pp.