Rev. Jan. 2023 A D IKIDO OF ALLAS Member Handbook Aikido of Dallas is a member dojo in good standing with the United States Aikido Federation (USAF) under the direction of Yoshimitsu Yamada Shihan, 8th dan, headquartered in New York. The USAF is member in good standing of the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in Japan under the direction of Doshu Moriteru Ueshiba, the Aikido founder’s grandson. Contact Information: Aikido of Dallas 10903 Indian Tr., Ste. 301 Dallas, TX 75229 (972) 241-3221 aikido.org/dallas [email protected] Practice Schedule (subject to change) Tuesday 6:45 -- 7:35 pm* 7:40 -- 8:50 pm Thursday 6:45 -- 7:30 pm* 7:40 -- 8:50 pm Saturday 9:45 -- 10:45 am* 11:00 -- 12:00 pm** Sunday 9:45 -- 10:45 am* 11:00 -- 12:00 pm * Fundamentals ** 2nd Sat of the month, women only; 4th Sat of the month, nikyu+ Holiday Schedule: Aikido of Dallas is closed on the following days: January 1 (if a weekday) Halloween (if a weekday) Easter Thanksgiving Mother’s Day Winter (several days during holiday) Father’s Day December 31 (if a weekday) July 4 (and July 3 if a weekday) As a 501(c)(3) organization, Aikido of Dallas does not discriminate with respect to age, sex, race, religion, or national origin as they apply to admission, tuition, scholarships, promotion in rank, etc. AoD Member Handbook - Page 1 Rev. Jan. 2023 DUES AND FEES Aikido of Dallas is a non-profit, tax-exempt, charitable organization in which members and instructors pay monthly dues, annual dues, and all fees described below. In the event a member has a sincere desire to practice and cannot afford full dues, please contact the office to make alternate arrangements Monthly Membership Dues (to a maximum of $130 a family): Adult $75.00 Discounts: Reduced dues available for Military personnel, first responders, teachers, and full-time students. Please see office. Testing Fees: Kyu ranks: $50.00 to United States Aikido Federation. No fee for 6th kyu. Dan ranks: approx. $200-$300, depending upon the rank, exchange rates, etc. Seminar Fees: From time to time, Aikido of Dallas hosts weekend seminars. To cover the cost of guest instructors and accommodations, there is an additional charge for each seminar, approximately $100.00. Aikido of Dallas members may also participate in seminars in this region and other major seminars in the United States Aikido Federation. In addition to travel, lodging and food expense, seminar fees are set by each host dojo and are approximately $150.00 for weekend seminars, $400.00 for 4 day seminars (e.g., Winter Camp), and $1,000.00 for week long seminars (e.g., Summer Camp). Supplies: Judo-style keiko gi (double weave, unbleached) $50 Please transport your gi to and from the dojo in a bag of your choice and remove your gi from the dojo after class. Gi left in the dojo will be removed periodically with or without notice. Also, please place an identifying mark in your gi, such as your name, to distinguish it from others in the event your gi gets misplaced. Special orders: Aikido of Dallas can place an order for bokken, jo, and tanto, and periodically places orders for hakama. Please see the office for details. Checking Account Payments Aikido of Dallas accepts automatic bank drafts for monthly dues, supplies, or any other charges including donations. AoD Member Handbook - Page 2 Rev. Jan. 2023 ETIQUETTE (REIGI) O-Sensei’s Practice Guidelines O-Sensei left, as part of his legacy, six guidelines for correct practice. They are known as the "Reminders in Aikido Practice." 1. Aikido decides life and death in a single strike. Students must carefully follow the instructor's teaching and not compete to see who is the strongest. 2. Aikido is the way that teaches how one can deal with several enemies. Students must train themselves to be alert not just to the front but to all sides and the back. 3. Training should always be conducted in a pleasant and joyful atmosphere. 4. The instructor teaches only one small aspect of the art. Each student through incessant practice and training must discover its versatile applications. 5. In daily practice first begin by moving your body and then progress to more intensive practice. Never force anything unnaturally or unreasonably. If this rule is followed then even elderly people will not hurt themselves and they can train in a pleasant and joyful atmosphere. 6. The purpose of Aikido is to train mind and body and to produce sincere and earnest people. Since all the techniques are to be transmitted person-to-person, do not randomly reveal them to others. This might lead to their being used by hoodlums. Doshu Kisshomaru Ueshiba, O-Sensei’s son states in, The Spirit of Aikido, that since these guidelines were written in 1935 some of the language may seem archaic. He offers his interpretation of his father's writings. 1. Proper aikido can never be mastered unless one strictly follows the instructor's teaching. 2. Aikido as a martial art is perfected by being alert to everything going on around us and leaving no vulnerable opening (suki). 3. Practice becomes joyful and pleasant once one has trained enough not to be bothered by pain. 4. Do not be satisfied with what has been taught at the dojo. One must constantly digest, experiment and develop what one has learned. 5. One should never force things unnaturally or unreasonably in practice. One should undertake training suited to one’s body, physical condition and age. 6. The aim of aikido is to develop the truly human self. It should not be used to display ego. Additional Guidelines Aikido study and practice consists of more than learning physical technique; proper behavior and manners are also an important part of training. The following is an introduction to dojo etiquette, which should be a reflection of the Aikido spirit of love for your Sensei, your fellow students, your dojo, and finally yourself. Please use your best common sense in all aspects of courtesy and etiquette. However, the best way to learn proper behavior is by observing the behavior of Sensei (as teacher) as well as that of the senior students. 1. Upon entering and leaving the dojo, bow in the direction of O-Sensei's (Morihei Ueshiba’s) picture on the shrine as a traditional show of respect for the Founder of Aikido. 2. Shoes are to be taken off at the entrance to the mat area and zori (sandals or thongs) are worn in the mat area. Zori should be lined up at the lower side of the mat (facing outwards during class instruction). Immediately after stepping onto the mat, students should bow respectfully to the shrine. The most proper style is from seiza. 3. Students should assemble quietly for meditation at least five minutes before class is scheduled to start. They should arrange themselves in a straight line in proper rank order (higher rank on one side). It is requested that everyone in the dojo, spectators and students alike, be silent during this time. It is suggested that all students kneel in a formal position, seiza, (the best alternative is 'Indian style') and await the instructor's arrival on the mat. When the instructor comes onto the mat, the instructor and the students bow to O-Sensei's picture. Then the students bow to the instructor, formally opening the class. AoD Member Handbook - Page 3 Rev. Jan. 2023 4. The instructor should be referred to as "Sensei" during class instruction, and not by first name or surname. 5. When arriving late for class, quickly do a few warm-up exercises off the mat and then bow in and sit in seiza on the edge of the mat. Wait for the instructor to admit you to class. Students must ask the instructor for permission to leave the class early or to leave the mat for any reason; common sense excludes injuries. A student should not leave the mat for a drink of water or for rest unless given permission. Students should stay on the mat until the class is over. Do not expect to be admitted to class if arriving more than 10 minutes late. 6. When approaching the instructor, getting a weapon from the shomen, etc., students should not pass between the instructor and the picture of O-Sensei. If the student approaches to ask a question or the instructor calls to the student, the student should bow first. Never call for the instructor across the mat or beckon for instruction. If the instructor is close by, quietly raise your right hand and wait to be acknowledged. Then bow and say, "onegai shimasu." 7. When the instructor is teaching a couple, it is not necessary to sit down and watch them unless he says to watch. It is preferable to keep on practicing with a minimum amount of talk. 8. If Sensei comes to help you and your partner individually, it is best to sit seiza and watch attentively unless Sensei is having you do the technique. Once Sensei is done helping you and is leaving, a seated bow and verbal “thank-you” are appropriate. 9. Once engaged in Aikido practice, clear your mind of everything but the lessons given and the principles of Aikido. Practice with unity of the mind and body, avoiding extraneous talk and action. 10. When the instructor claps, students should sit down promptly and listen and watch attentively. When the instructor indicates that practice is to resume, students bow to the instructor and promptly resume practicing. It is not necessary to wait for the instructor to tell you to change partners but students should change partners when the instructor indicates. 11. Your partner is not an opponent. Techniques are learned through him and with him. It should be a pleasure to be Uke as well as Nage. Each movement in Aikido teaches the principles and spirit of Aikido and should be practiced sincerely. 12. Care should be taken to be aware of the ability of one's partner so that no injuries may occur. Nage should always be watchful for signs that Uke is in pain. Uke's attacks should always be under his full control and Nage should respond likewise. Uke's 'job' is to attack sincerely and then follow while maintaining as safe a posture as possible. Nage's 'job' is to: 1) move off the line of attack; 2) redirect Uke's momentum via a technique; and 3) peacefully resolve the attack with the appropriate throw or pin. 13. At the end of class, students should straighten their uniforms and line up in order of rank. The instructor and students bow to O-Sensei's picture and then the students formally thank the instructor while bowing to him. After that, the students remain in seiza until the instructor leaves the mat. At this time it is proper to bow to each student with whom you have practiced. 14. It is the responsibility of the higher ranked members (sempai) to see that the rules of etiquette are understood and followed by the members of the dojo. The members of higher rank should assist the beginners in learning proper bowing techniques, beginning exercises and ukemi. 15. It is the responsibility of each member of the dojo to ensure that the various needs of the dojo are met. These include paying dues promptly, making sure the mat and dojo are clean and presentable, re-stocking various dojo supplies, etc. Fulfilling these needs should be anticipated, not prompted by the instructor. They should also be carried out cheerfully, without complaint. Taking care of the dojo and oneself should generate a feeling of pride in doing things to the best of one's ability. This too is as much a part of our training as is repetition of techniques. A FEW DON'TS: Don't sit on the mat with your back to O-Sensei's picture, lie on the mat with your feet toward the shrine or lean against the walls. Don't wear make-up, jewelry or watches. Don't eat food, smoke or chew gum in the mat area. Don't talk when the instructor is talking. Don't wear a dirty uniform. Don’t keep finger-nails and toe-nails dirty, long, or sharp. Don't wear a hachi maki (head-band) while bowing. Don't be in the dojo after drinking alcohol or taking non-prescription drugs. These don'ts are for respect and for safety to the dojo, the Aikidoka and yourself. AoD Member Handbook - Page 4 Rev. Jan. 2023 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Q. How long has your dojo been in operation? A. We began February 1990. We moved to the current location in April of 1991 and we have been here ever since. Q. Who are the instructors? A. Bob Mason leads most of the classes. He currently holds the rank of roku or sixth degree black belt and is a shihan, model instructor in the United States Aikido Federation. He received his instruction under Akira Tohei Sensei (1929-1999), 8th dan, and Yoshimitsu Yamada Sensei, President of the USAF headquartered in New York. A variety of senior yudansha (black belts) may also lead class. Q. How many injuries have occurred in your dojo due to practicing Aikido? A. Aikido is a martial art and injuries do occur, however infrequently. We have been very fortunate and there have been few serious injuries in our dojo. At times we have had sprains, strains, pulled muscles, tendonitis and so forth, though Q. How do I progress in Aikido? A. By practice. Progress comes both the first day and after 20, 30 and 40 years through regular practice. Some people continue to practice and continue to progress until late in life. Each member’s progression in Aikido is very much determined by how often, how focused, and how sincere they practice. Q. Are there tournaments or competitions? A. No. The founder of Aikido felt that tournaments or competitions were contrary to the philosophy of Aikido, which is to overcome your own ego. Tournaments and competitions seem to be activities that encourage an ego by saying one person is better than another. In Aikido we try to better ourselves regardless of the other person. In addition, Aikido is not a sport that can be easily regulated and as such, serious injuries would likely occur in competitions. Q. How long will it take me to get a black belt in Aikido? A. While this is very difficult to answer, very often people practicing sincerely for three or so days a week regularly and continuously often find that they've been conferred a black belt in approximately six years. Q. How long will it take me to master Aikido? A. A very long time. People spend the rest of their lives practicing Aikido and very few people have the goal of obtaining a black belt or mastering Aikido. Q. How do I get started in Aikido? A. Aikido of Dallas has set aside four classes a week, Tuesdays and Thursdays from 6:45 -- 7:30 p.m. and Saturdays and Sundays from 9:45 -- 10:45 a.m. for fundamentals where beginners are encouraged to attend. Every effort is made so that beginners feel comfortable, don't mind making mistakes in etiquette, don't mind AoD Member Handbook - Page 5 Rev. Jan. 2023 feeling awkward in technique, etc. In those classes, the more advanced people try to help the beginning people; class goes a little bit slower with more explanation. We encourage people to only come to the fundamentals’ classes for a good couple of weeks, maybe the first month, until they feel more comfortable in the dojo and letting the inevitable soreness dissipate before coming to other classes. However, everyone is welcome to all classes at any time. Q. How many different colored belts do you have in Aikido and what does each mean? A. In Aikido of Dallas we wear a white belt for people with no rank and up through and including people taking their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tests. For the next two ranks below black belt, we wear a brown belt. At black belt and above, we wear a black belt. The brown belt signifies that the person has been around a little bit longer and is someone that a beginner might go to if they have problems in the dojo, if they have questions of etiquette or techniques, or wish to practice with somebody who might feel they know a little bit about what they are doing. A black belt traditionally means that you have been around long enough that you can fall down well. We take great efforts to avoid any ego boost that is present in obtaining a particular rank or a particular belt color. Q. Do you practice kicking in Aikido? A. At the beginning levels, practicing techniques against kicking is very challenging because falling down with one leg in the air and only one leg on the ground is very difficult. Most people have a difficult enough time learning how to fall without the added difficulty of practicing out of attacks with kicks. Although sometimes we do practice kicking, it is rare. Much of Aikido comes from swordsmanship and it is rare that one would kick when confronted with a sword because legs tend to get cut off rather easily. Q. What is the split skirt and what does it mean? A. The hakama or split skirt is worn at Aikido of Dallas by men of black belt rank and women of all ranks. It is traditionally a garment of the Samurai intended to hide the ankles and feet so that the opponent is unable to anticipate from what direction the next attack will come. Since the hakama is often expensive (approximately $150.00), we encourage women to wait in purchasing a hakama until they have decided to continue in Aikido for some time. Q. Is there anything special or different between women and men in the dojo? A. Yes. Aside from the hakama, we dedicate a class a month for women only. Also, we ask that women remove make-up, wear a white sports bra (if necessary) and/or a T-shirt (as gi tops often come loose) and change in the women's dressing rooms, etc. Anyone wanting individual changing rooms for any reason, please see the office for accommodations. AoD Member Handbook - Page 6 Rev. Jan. 2023 TESTING The following sets forth the techniques that will be called on each test for rank. Additional techniques may be called for at the test administrator’s discretion. It is expected that the testing member be able to execute each technique for the rank the member is testing for as well as all techniques on each lower-ranking test. The days’ practice requirement is set as a minimum number. Practice at any USAF dojo or under any USAF instructor, including seminar practice days, counts towards the requirements if dojo dues are current. If you arrive late to class, please use good judgment in deciding whether to count the practice. Before a member may take a test, it is expected that the member has the minimum days’ requirement, be comfortable executing the required techniques at a level commensurate with the rank, and that the senior members or instructors of the dojo be comfortable recommending the member for rank promotion. Aikido rank is based on more than mere proficiency of techniques. It is also desirable that the member work sincerely to understand the principles, philosophy and spirit of Aikido and make measured progress in these endeavors at each rank level. Aikido of Dallas schedules testing periodically throughout the year. For members transferring from other Aikido dojo to Aikido of Dallas, Aikido of Dallas cannot guarantee recognition of kyu ranks sanctioned by organizations other than the USAF. Depending upon the sanctioning organization, the member’s proficiency level, and the determination of the USAF headquarters in New York, an appropriate beginning level test will be administered. Though all dan gradings issued by the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in Japan are recognized, dan gradings from other sanctioning organizations are subject to the discretion of Yamada sensei, the USAF Technical Committee Chairman. All dan ranked transferring members without Aikikai Hombu Dojo certificates will be asked to take a shodan test at which time Yamada sensei will award appropriate rank. United States Aikido Federation (USAF) Test Requirements 6th Kyu (≥20 days practice) Suwari waza: Shomenuchi ikkyo Wrist exercises (ikkyo, kotegaeshi, nikyo) Katatori nikyo (omote & ura) Aiki exercises (rowing, ikkyo, tenkan) Katatori sankyo Rolling (forward and backward) 3rd Kyu (≥100 days practice after 4th kyu) Shikko (knee walking) Yokomenuchi iriminage (2 ways) 5th Kyu (≥60 days practice) Yokomenuchi kotegaeshi Shomenuchi ikkyo (omote & ura) Tsuki kaitennage Shomenuchi iriminage Ushiro ryokatatori sankyo (omote & ura) Katatetori shihonage (omote & ura) Morotetori iriminage (2 ways) Ryotetori tenchinage Shomenuchi sankyo (omote & ura) Tsuki kotegaeshi Suwari waza: Ushiro tekubitori kotegaeshi Shomenuchi iriminage Morotetori kokyuho Shomenuchi nikyo (omote & ura) Hanmi-handachi: 4th Kyu (≥80 days practice after 5th kyu) Katatetori shihonage Shomenuchi nikyo (omote & ura) Katatetori kaitennage (uchi & soto mawari) Yokomenuchi shihonage (omote & ura) Tsuki iriminage 2nd Kyu (≥200 days practice after 3rd kyu) Ushiro tekubitori sankyo (omote & ura) Shomenuchi shihonage Ushiro ryokatatori kotegaeshi Shomenuchi kaitennage AoD Member Handbook - Page 7 Rev. Jan. 2023 Yokomenuchi gokyo Tantotori Ushiro tekubitori shihonage Tachitori Ushiro tekubitori jujinage Jotori Ushiro kubishime koshinage Henkawaza Morotetori nikyo Freestyle - 4 persons Hanmi-handachi: Shomenuchi iriminage Ni Dan (≥600 days practice after Shodan) Katatetori nikyo Katatori menuchi - 5 techniques Yokomenuchi kotegaeshi Yokomenuchi - 5 techniques Freestyle - 2 persons Morotetori - 5 techniques Shomenuchi - 5 techniques Ryotetori - 5 techniques 1st Kyu (≥300 days practice after 2nd kyu) Koshinage - 5 techniques Katatori menuchi - 5 techniques Hanmi-handachi (ushiro waza - 5 techniques) Yokomenuchi - 5 techniques Tantotori Morotetori - 5 techniques Tachitori Shomenuchi - 5 techniques Jotori Ryotetori - 5 techniques Henkawaza Koshinage - 5 techniques Kaeshiwaza Tantotori Freestyle - 5 persons Hanmi-handachi (ushiro waza - 5 techniques) Attend 2 seminars per year after sho-dan. Freestyle - 3 persons San Dan (≥700 days practice after Nidan) Sho Dan (≥300 days practice after 1st kyu) Subject of exam to be determined by examiner at Katatori menuchi - 5 techniques the time of the exam. Yokomenuchi - 5 techniques Morotetori - 5 techniques Attend 2 seminars per year after nidan Shomenuchi - 5 techniques Ryotetori - 5 techniques Koshinage - 5 techniques Hanmi-handachi (ushiro waza - 5 techniques) AoD Additional Adult Test Requirements 6th Kyu Swari waza: Shomenuchi iriminage Ai-Hanmi katatetori sankyo (omote & ura) Ai-Hanmi katatetori ikkyo (omote & ura) Katatetori shihonage (omote & ura) 3rd Kyu Tsuki kotegaeshi Shomenuchi kaitenage (omote & ura) Morotetori sankyo (omote & ura) Ushiro ryotetori (3 ways) 5th Kyu Ushiro ryokatatori (3 ways) Katatetori ikkyo (omote & ura) Ryokatatori (3 ways) Ai-Hanmi katatetori ikkyo (omote & ura) Jujinage (3 ways) Katatetori kokyunage (omote & ura) Swari waza: Ushiro tekubitori ikkyo (omote & ura) Shomenuchi ikkyo (omote & ura) Kokyu Ho Shomenuchi sankyo (omote & ura) Shomenuchi yonkyo (omote & ura) 4th Kyu Hanmi-handachi: Yokomenuchi nikyo (omote & ura) Ryotetori shihonage (omote & ura) Yokomenuchi ikkyo (omote & ura) Morotetori shihonage (omote & ura) Ushiro ryokatatori shihonage (omote & ura) Ai-Hanmi katatetori shihonage (o & u) Katatetori kotegaeshi (2 ways) Katatetori iriminage (2 ways) 2nd Kyu Ai-Hanmi katatetori shihonage (omote & ura) Ushiro kubishime shihonage (omote & ura) Ai-Hanmi katatetori iriminage (2 ways) Ushiro kubishime sankyo (o & u - both hands) Ryotetori shihonage (omote & ura) Ushiro kubishime jujinage Ryotetori ikkyo (omote & ura) Ushiro ryokatatori iriminage Ryotetori kokyunage (2 ways) AoD Member Handbook - Page 8 Rev. Jan. 2023 2nd Kyu (continued) Jo Waza: katatetori, Ai-hanmi katatetori, morotetori & Ushiro ryokatatori kokyunage (3 ways) ryotetori (5 ways each) Ushiro ryotetori kokyunage (3 ways) Swari waza: Morotetori kokyunage (3 ways) Iriminage from shomenuchi, tsuki, & yokomenuchi Morotetori shihonage (o & u; both hands) Ikkyo through Yonkyo (each omote & ura) from Morotetori koshinage (2 ways) shomenuchi, yokomenuchi, & tsuki Jujinage (3 ways) Hanmi-handachi: Hanmi-handachi: Ushiro waza (5 ways) Shomenuchi kotegaeshi Ushiro waza shihonage (5 ways) Shomenuchi sankyo (omote & ura) Ikkyo through Yonkyo (each omote & ura) from Yokomenuchi shihonage (omote & ura) shomenuchi, yokomenuchi, & tsuki Yokomenuchi kaitenage (omote & ura) Katatetori iriminage Katatetori sumiotoshi (omote & ura) Ai-Hanmi katatetori iriminage Katatetori kokyunage (2 ways) Jujinage (3 ways) 1st Kyu Sho Dan Tsuki (5 ways) All the above ikkyu requirements Katatori (5 ways) Jo Tori: tsuki, shomenuchi, yokomenuchi Katatetori (5 ways) (5 ways each) Ai-Hanmi katatetori (5 ways) Bokken tori: tsuki, shomenuchi, yokomenuchi (5 ways Tanto tori: tsuki, shomenuchi, & yokomenuchi each) (5 ways each) TERMINOLOGY Key to Pronunciation A as in FAR E as in MET except at the end of a word, then as in H'A'Y I as in UNIQUE O as in COAT except when following a consonant, then as in T'O'W U as in RUDE R's pronounced like 'L' or a soft 'd', but it's best if you can roll the 'R' Counting in Japanese ZERO - 0 ROKU - six JUICHI - eleven JUROKU - sixteen ICHI - one SHICHI - seven JUNI - twelve JUSHICHI – seventeen NI - two HACHI - eight JUSAN - thirteen JUHACHI - eighteen SAN - three KU - nine JUSHI - fourteen JUKU - nineteen SHI - four JU - ten JUGO - fifteen NIJU - twenty GO - five Undo (Exercises) FUNAKOGI UNDO - Rowing exercise. IKKYO UNDO - First technique wrist bend. HAPPO UNDO - Eight direction exercise. NIKYO UNDO - Second technique wrist bend. SAYO UNDO - Left and right exercise. SANKYO UNDO - Third technique wrist bend. SHOMEN-UCHI IKKYO UNDO - arm raising SHIHO-NAGE UNDO - Four directions technique (protection of forehead) exercise. wrist bend. TEKUBI UNDO - Wrist stretching exercise. UDEFURI UNDO - Arm swinging exercise. AoD Member Handbook - Page 9 Rev. Jan. 2023 KOTE MAWASHI HO - Wrist turn in stretch. KOHO TEKUBI UNDO - Wrist cupping exercise. KOTE GAESHI HO - Wrist turn out stretch. Attacks BOKUTO-TORI: Attack with a bokuto. SHOMEN-UCHI: Strike to the top of the head (gyaku hanmi). HANTAI-TE-TORI: Wrist grab to opposite side (also AI-HANMI KATATE-TORI). TACHI-TORI: Attack with a sword (bokuto). JO-TORI: Attack with a jo, jo take away. TANTO-TORI: Attack with a tanto. KATA-TORI: One hand shoulder grab (gyaku TSUKI: Thrust or punch (Ai-Hanmi). hanmi). USHIRO HIJI-TORI: Both elbows grabbed from KATATE-TORI: Wrist grab to same side (gyaku behind. hanmi). USHIRO RYOKATA-TORI: Both shoulders KATA-TORI MENUCHI: Uke grabs one shoulder grabbed from behind. and nage strikes shomen to uke's head. USHIRO TEKUBI-TORI: Both wrists grabbed MENUCHI: Strike to head (usually shomen strike). from behind. MOROTE-TORI: 2 hands grabbing one wrist USHIRO TEKUBI-SHIME: Choke hold, one arm (usually gyaku hanmi). around neck and one grabbing wrist. RYOKATA-TORI: Both shoulders grabbed from YOKOMEN-UCHI: Strike to the side of head (45 front (usually gyaku hanmi). degree cut from Ai-Hanmi). RYOTE-TORI: Both wrists grabbed from front (usually gyaku hanmi).  KATATE-TORI KOKYU-NAGE, OMOTE & URA Basic Technique Examples o KATATE - One hand or wrist. The whole name of a technique, in Japanese, is formed, first, from the name of the attack, then from o TORI - Comes from the root word the name of the technique followed by the direction 'TORI' which means 'to take' or from which the technique is executed. Below are a grab. few examples: o KOKYU - Refers leading, timing,  RYOTE-TORI TENCHI-NAGE, OMOTE breath or momentum. & URA o NAGE - Comes from the word o TENCHI - When written in 'NAGERU,' which means 'to throw'. Japanese it is formed from two  KATATE-TORI KAITEN-NAGE, OMOTE characters, which literally translate & URA to mean "heaven" and "earth". Execution is with one hand pointed o KAITEN - Refers to a spinning, upwards (heaven) and the other revolving or circular motion. hand pointed downwards (earth).  YOKOMEN-UCHI SHIHO-NAGE, o OMOTE - Refers to stepping across OMOTE & URA uke's front without turning the hips o YOKOMEN - Refers to the side of at the beginning of the technique. the head. o URA - The opposite of OMOTE, o UCHI - Refers to a hit or strike. the hips turn and one steps out and around. Refers to how one initially o SHIHO-NAGE - Literally to throw begins the movement, generally to the four corners or directions. with a tenkan. AoD Member Handbook - Page 10