i MELANCHOLIC HABITS ii iii MELANCHOLIC HABITS Burton’s Anatomy & the Mind Sciences Jennifer Radden 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Radden, Jennifer, author. Title: Melancholic habits : Burton’s anatomy & the mind sciences / Jennifer Radden. Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016011949 | ISBN 9780199348190 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Melancholy. | Psychology. | Burton, Robert, 1577–1640. Anatomy of melancholy. | Burton, Robert, 1577–1640. | Psychology. Classification: LCC BF575.M44 R328 2016 | DDC 616.89—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016011949 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v This book is dedicated with love and admiration to Justyna Gudzowska, Lucian and Felix Keefe, Carlota Melo, and Gregory de Souza. vi vii CONTENTS Acknowledgments  ix Introduction  1 1. embodied mentality  18 2. Imagination “queen of the mental powers”  49 3. symptom, disease, cause  82 4. between the confines of sense and reason  118 5. the akratic melancholic  150 6. when Reason is also corrupted  180 7. who labors not of this disease?  211 viii Contents 8. remedies  243 9. from the Anatomy to the clinic and lab  273 References  293 Index of Names  321 Topical Index  323 viii ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During its long gestation and through the completion of this book, many friends and colleagues have assisted me in innumerable ways, and I am grateful to every one of them. My particular thanks are due to those who read and commented on draft chapters: Pete Zachar, Somogy Varga, Barbara Houston, Jane Martin, Ann Diller, Beebe Nelson, Susan Fransoza, Serife Tekin, Ed Brown, Jeff Poland, John Sutton, Claire Pouncey, Alec Bodkin, and Georg Repnikov. Jenny Lloyd, Phil Gerrans, Angus Gowland, Amélie Rorty, and Dominic Murphy acted as valuable sounding- boards, and Frank Keefe provided editorial sup- port through many changes and revisions. Also deserving my thanks are unnamed readers of my book proposal, who offered insightful sugges- tions and guidance. Audiences in Pittsburgh; Linkoping; Louvain; and Sydney, Melbourne, and Perth, provided valuable ideas and critiques. The Centre for the History of Emotions at the University of Western Australia afforded me a congenial perch as an academic visitor. And finally, along with his editorial wisdom on matters large and small, my patient editor Peter Ohlin allowed me the time I needed (while remind- ing me that I must stop eventually).