Medical Treatment of Intoxications and Decontamination of Chemical Agents in the Area of Terrorist Attack edited by Christophor Dishovsky Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria Alexander Pivovarov Ukrainian State University of Chemical Engineering, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine and Hendrik Benschop TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research W orkshop on Medical Treatment of Intoxications and Decontamination of Chemical Agent in the Area of Terrorist Attack Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine 25-28 January 2005 A C.I.P.Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 1-4020-4169-1 (PB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4169-3 (PB) ISBN-10 1-4020-4168-3 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4168-6 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-4170-5 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4170-9 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O.Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands CONTENTS Preface.............................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements..........................................................................................xi Key Speakers.................................................................................................xiii Other Participants and Observers.................................................................xvii Part 1 CURRENT PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL TERRORISM........................1 Chapter 1 Problems of Chemical Terrorism and Ways of Its Overcoming Dishovsky C......................................................................................................3 Chapter 2 Toxic Chemicals and Radioactive Substances as Reason of Occurrence of Acute Poisoning in Ukraine Ryzhenko S......................................................................................................13 Chapter 3 Biomonitoring of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents Noort D., Van Der Schans M.J., and Benschop H.P......................................21 Chapter 4 Non-ruled Market Economy as a Source of Chemical Terrorism. Automotive Fuel: Quality and Environmental Safety Zadorsky W.....................................................................................................27 Chapter 5 Role of the Chemical Weapons Convention in Combating Chemical Terrorism Matousek J......................................................................................................49 v vi Contents Chapter 6 Chemical Incident Simulator: A New Approach for Deriving Passive Defence Requirements Linders M.J.G., van Beest C.A., Brasser P., Geers L.F.G., van ‘t Hof G., Rumley-van Gurp R.A., Sterkenburg R.P., van Swieten S.C., Zappey H.W., and Hin A.R.T.............................................59 Chapter 7 OPCW Concept of Assistance Under Article X Brown C.L....................................................................................................... 71 Chapter 8 Environmentally Hazardous Projects in Ukraine as Attractive Targets for Terrorist Acts Shmatkov G..................................................................................................... 81 Chapter 9 Dioxins: Threat of Misuse in Possible Acts of Chemical Terrorism Tkach V.F., Prodanchuk N.G., Kokshareva N.V., and Zinovjeva M.L..........85 Part 2 DIAGNOSIS OF EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL AGENT INTOXICATION.......................................................................................... 91 Chapter 10 Epidemiology of Chemical Crisis, Public Health Impact, Specific Medical Countermeasures and Education Paul F. and Paul L.,.....................................................................................93 Chapter 11 Modern Approaches to Medical Treatment of Poisoning Caused by Neuroparalitics Anticholinesterase Compounds Kokshareva N.V., Prodanchuk M.G., Tkach V.F., and Zinovieva M.L............................................................................................... 101 Chapter 12 Certain Problems of Rendering Medical Assistance Under Acts of Chemical Terrorism Khmel’ S.I. , Litvin Yu.P., and Gninenko A.N...............................................109 Contents vii Chapter 13 Efficacy of Pretreatment and Treatment Against Soman Intoxication Philippens I.H.C.H.M., JongsmaM.J., and VanwerschR.A.P......................113 Chapter 14 Biomedical Sampling Following a Chemical Warfare Agent Terrorist Event – An OPCW Perspective Rowell M.......................................................................................................123 Chapter 15 Particularities in Research, Production and Acquisition of the Pharmaceutical Products for NBC Medical Protection Paul F...........................................................................................................133 Chapter 16 Toxicokinetics in Helping of Diagnoses and Treatment of Chemical Poisoning Juruli M........................................................................................................143 Part 3 DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL DECONTAMINATION IN CASE OF INTOXICATION WITH CHEMICAL AGENT.............145 Chapter 17 Aspects of Decontamination in Case of Release of Toxic Substances or Use of Chemical Warfare Agent PopovT. and PopovG.................................................................................147 Chapter 18 Personal Decontamination in Cases of Chemical Terrorist Attacks Matoušek J....................................................................................................153 Chapter 19 Harmful Chemical-Industry Incidents Effects Prognosis System of the Territorial Center for Emergency Medicine: Supply of Information and Analysis Data Kolyada A.A..................................................................................................165 viii Contents Chapter 20 Purification of Drinking Water From 134, 137Cs,89, 90Sr, 60Co and129I Khaydarov R.A. and Khaydarov R.R. ......................................................... 171 Chapter 21 Research of Decontamination Efficiency of Contaminated Camouflage Clothing with Applied Methods and Means in the Republic of Bulgaria Popov T. and Popov G.................................................................................183 Chapter 22 Alleviation of Toxic Impact of Chemical Agents on Human Organism Vasylyeva T., Duka Y., and Kharytonov M. ..................................................191 Chapter 23 Using of Cold Plasma for Purification of Chemically Polluted Water in Extreme Period Pivovarov A.A. and Tischenko A.P.............................................................. 203 Chapter 24 The Role of Clinical Toxicology in Minimizing Adverse Health Effects Related to Chemical Disasters KatsitadzG. and Juruli M............................................................................213 Chapter 25 Prevention of Gas Seeping into Buildings Through Constructive Materials Khaydarov R.A., Khaydarov R.R., and Gapurova O.U................................219 Chapter 26 Biological Method for the Water, Food, Fodders and Environment Toxic Chemical Materials Contamination Indication Pozdnyakova L.I., Lozitsky V.P., Fedchuk A.S. , Grigorasheva I.N., Boshchenko Y.A. , Gridina T.L., and Pozdnyakov S.V..................................225 Index............................................................................................................231 PREFACE This book includes reports which were presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) entitled “Medical Treatment of Intoxications and Decontamination of Chemical Agent in the Area of Terrorist Attack”. The workshop was held on 25-28 January 2005 in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. Currently, scientists and experts from many countries are working on development and implementation of a readiness for anti terrorist actions. In addition to chemical weapons, terrorists can use various toxic chemicals from chemical industry, agriculture or products released from terrorist acts on industrial facilities. The arsenal of chemical agents that can be used as terrorist agents is practically unlimited. The focus of this workshop was assessment of scientific concepts and practical means for management of chemical agent casualties in the area of terrorist attack with emphasis on improving the medical treatment and decontamination. These problems were analyzed from an interdisciplinary perspective. The primary objective of the ARW was to provide countries in which chemical-defense systems are currently under development with the experience and expertise of those that are more advanced and/or have already been exposed and responded to a chemical-terrorist attack. . The main areas covered were: 1. new approaches in pre-treatment and prophylaxis of nerve agent intoxication; 2. diagnosis of exposure to chemical agents ; 3. therapy of chemical agent intoxication; 4. development of personal decontamination; 5. decontamination of intoxication with chemical agents. ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The meeting was sponsored by the NATO Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division. We take this opportunity to express our thanks to the sponsor. We also are grateful to Dr. Sergey Ryzhenko for according a hearty welcome at Dnepropetrovsk Region Sanitary- Epidemiological Station, Dr. Grigory Shmatkov for a very interesting and useful excursion to the industrial city of Dneprodzerzhinsk , Mr. Valery Berestjanoy for organizational contacts with the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Administration. Finally, the hard and dedicated work of Dr. Viktor Kovalenko, Dr. Anna Tischenko, Mrs. Tetjana Bolva, Mr. Boris Dubina, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Engineering, Dnepropetrovsk, is highly appreciated. Indeed, without their organizational and technical support this meeting would not have gone as smoothly as it did. Prof. Christofor Dishovsky, Ph.D., D.Sc. – Co-Director Prof. Alexander Pivovarov, D.Sc. – Co-Director xi KEY SPEAKERS Dishovsky Christophor, Ph.D., D.Sc., Professor. Military Medical Academy, Department of Military Toxicology. 3,St.G.Sofiisky Str. Sofia 1606, Bulgaria Telephone: (+359 2) 9226448, Fax: (+359 2) 952 6536 E-mail:[email protected] Pivovarov Alexander, D.Sc., Professor. Ukrainian State University of Chemical Engineering, Department of Food Equipment and Technology. 8 Gagarin Ave., Dnepropetrovsk 49005, Ukraine Tel. (+38 0562) 38-56-58 Fax: (+38 0562) 36-68-37 E-mail:[email protected] Benschop Hendrik, Ph.D., Professor. Department of Chemical Toxicology, TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, 2280AA Rijswijk, Postbox 45.The Netherlands. Tel. 00 31 15 2843629 Fax: 00 31 15 2843963 E-mail:[email protected] Philippens Ingrid H.C.H.M., D.Sc. Department of Chemical Toxicology, TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, 2280AA Rijswijk, Postbox 45.The Netherlands. Tel. 00 31 15 2843048 Fax: 00 31 15 2843963 E-mail:[email protected] Jiri Matoushek, Professor, Masaryk University, Faculty of Sci., EU Res. Ctre of Excellence for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Kamenice 126/3, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic Tel. 420 549 492 860 Fax: 420 549 492 840 E-mail:[email protected] Jyruli Manana, D.Sc. Georgian Environmental and Biological Monitoring Association. 60 Agmashenbeli Av., Tbilisi, 0102 Georgia Tel. +99532 98 67 94 Fax: +99532 95 67 92 E-mail:[email protected] xiii xiv Key Speakers Brown Clarence Lee, D.Sc. Inspection Team Leader / Senior Medical Officer Inspectorate, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Johan de Wittlaan 32 2517 JR Den Haag. The Netherlands Tel. +31 (0)70-416.31.74 Fax: +31(0)70-306.35.35 E mail: [email protected] Rowell Mike, MB,BS,MPH Senior Medical Officer Health and Safety Branch, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Johan de Wittlaan 32 2517 JR Den Hague. The Netherlands Tel. +31 (0)70-416.35.10 Fax: +31 (0)70-306.35.35 E-mail:[email protected] Ryzhenko Sergey, D.Sc. (Chief of DRSES) Dnepropetrovsk Region Sanitary-Epidemiological Station. 39a. Philisofskaja St., Dnepropetrovsk 49000, Ukraine Tel. +38 056 3710155 Fax: +38 056 3710155 E-mail:[email protected] http://www.sesobl.dp.ua Khaydarov Renat, D.Sc. Institute of Nuclear Physics, 702132, Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, (998712)606144 Tel. 998 712 606144 Fax: 998 712 606144 E-mail:[email protected] Litvin Yuri, Professor., Col. Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Chief of Department of Extremely and Military Medicine. 9. Dzerzhinskogo St. 49044 Ukraine Tel. +38 0562 938916 Fax: +38 056 7702258 E-mail:[email protected] Popov Tzvetan, D.Sc. State Agency for Civil Protection, 30 Gabrovsky St., Sofia 1172, Bulgaria. Tel. 00359 2 960 10 324 Fax: 00359 2 960 10 324 E-mail:[email protected]