Medical Terminology 2nd Edition Medical Terminology 2nd Edition by Beverley Henderson, CMT-R, HRT and Jennifer Dorsey Medical Terminology For Dummies®, 2nd Edition Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK ARE INTENDED TO FURTHER GENERAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, UNDERSTANDING, AND DISCUSSION ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED AND SHOULD NOT BE RELIED UPON AS RECOMMENDING OR PROMOTING A SPECIFIC METHOD, DIAGNOSIS, OR TREATMENT BY PHYSICIANS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PATIENT. THE PUB- LISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN VIEW OF ONGOING RESEARCH, EQUIPMENT MODIFICATIONS, CHANGES IN GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS, AND THE CONSTANT FLOW OF INFORMATION, THE READER IS URGED TO REVIEW AND EVALUATE THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE PACKAGE INSERT OR INSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH MEDICINE, EQUIPMENT, OR DEVICE FOR, AMONG OTHER THINGS, ANY CHANGES IN THE INSTRUCTIONS OR INDICATION OF USAGE AND FOR ADDED WARNINGS AND PRE- CAUTIONS. READERS SHOULD CONSULT WITH A SPECIALIST WHERE APPROPRIATE. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945060 ISBN 978-1-118-94404-2 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-94406-6 (ePDF); ISBN 978-1-118-94405-9 (eMobi) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents at a Glance Introduction ................................................................ 1 Part I: Living for Linguistics ......................................... 5 Chapter 1: Scrubbing In to Master Medical Terminology .............................................7 Chapter 2: Medical Terminology: The How and Why .................................................13 Chapter 3: Introducing the Big Three: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes ........................19 Chapter 4: Acronyms, Eponyms, Homonyms, Multiples, and Plurals — Oh My! ....31 Chapter 5: Say What? Pronunciation and Usage ..........................................................45 Part II: Mapping Words and Bodies ............................. 55 Chapter 6: As It Was in the Beginning: Prefixes ...........................................................57 Chapter 7: So It Shall Be in the End: Suffixes ................................................................69 Chapter 8: Hey, I Know You: Word Recognition ..........................................................75 Chapter 9: Deconstruction Junction: Breaking Down Words.....................................85 Chapter 10: An Org Chart to Live By: Organization of the Body ...............................95 Chapter 11: All Systems Go: When Systems Combine ..............................................109 Part III: In Terms of Anatomy ................................... 119 Chapter 12: Boning Up on the Skeletal System ..........................................................121 Chapter 13: Getting Ripped: The Muscular System ...................................................139 Chapter 14: Skin Deep: Skin, Glands, Nails, and Hair ................................................153 Chapter 15: It Depends on Your Perception: The Sensory Systems .......................167 Part IV: Let’s Get Some Physiology Terminology ......... 185 Chapter 16: The Hear t of the Mat ter: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems .....................................................................................................187 Chapter 17: Just Breathe: The Respiratory System ...................................................211 Chapter 18: Feeding Time: The Gastrointestinal System ..........................................227 Chapter 19: Gatekeepers of Health: The Endocrine System .....................................245 Chapter 20: Calming Down: The Ner vous System .....................................................261 Part V: Name That Plumbing .................................... 275 Chapter 21: When You Gotta Go: The Urinary System .............................................277 Chapter 22: Check the Plumbing: The Male Reproductive System .........................291 Chapter 23: A Life Force: The Female Reproductive System ...................................305 Part VI: The Part of Tens .......................................... 325 Chapter 24: Ten Essential Medical TerminologyReferences ...................................327 Chapter 25: Ten or So Useful Mnemonic Devices ......................................................331 Chapter 26: Ten Sets of Terminology Tongue-Twisting Diseases............................335 Appendix: Prefixes and Suffixes ................................ 341 Index ...................................................................... 345 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................. 1 About This Book ..............................................................................................1 Foolish Assumptions .......................................................................................2 Icons Used in This Book .................................................................................3 Beyond the Book .............................................................................................4 Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................4 Part I: Living for Linguistics .......................................... 5 Chapter 1: Scrubbing In to Master Medical Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Tale Behind the Terms ............................................................................7 Making Terminology Work for You ...............................................................8 Building a Foundation of Vocabulary ............................................................9 In Terms of Anatomy .......................................................................................9 All Systems Go ...............................................................................................10 Down-Under Details .......................................................................................11 The Ultimate Resource: You ........................................................................12 Chapter 2: Medical Terminology: The How and Why . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Defining Medical Terminology .....................................................................13 Medical Terminology in the Real World .....................................................14 In theory and practice .........................................................................15 Writing it down .....................................................................................15 Changes in Medical Terminology ................................................................16 It’s Greek and Latin to Me .............................................................................16 Modernizing Medicine ..................................................................................17 Chapter 3: Introducing the Big Three: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes . . . 19 Rooting Around for Answers ........................................................................20 Exterior root words .............................................................................20 Interior root words ..............................................................................23 Prefix as Precursor ........................................................................................28 Common Prefixes ...........................................................................................28 Suffixes: Final Thoughts ................................................................................29 viii Medical Terminology For Dummies, 2nd Edition Chapter 4: Acronyms, Eponyms, Homonyms, Multiples, and Plurals — Oh My! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Acronyms ........................................................................................................32 Eponyms ...............................................................................................34 Homonyms ............................................................................................35 Deriving a Plural the Medical Way ..............................................................37 Medical rules for forming plurals ......................................................37 English rules of forming plurals .........................................................39 Welcome to the Peanut Gallery: More Exceptions to the Plural Rules .....40 Chapter 5: Say What? Pronunciation and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Hooked on Phonics .......................................................................................45 Pronouncing Common Prefixes and Beginning Sounds ............................46 The sound of silence ...........................................................................46 From your ear to the dictionary ........................................................47 Pronouncing Common Suffixes and Endings .............................................48 Pronouncing Common Combinations .........................................................49 Putting It All Together ...................................................................................50 What Condition Your Condition Is In ..........................................................51 Suffering Suffixes ...........................................................................................52 Part II: Mapping Words and Bodies ............................. 55 Chapter 6: As It Was in the Beginning: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Common Prefixes ...........................................................................................57 A–E prefixes ..........................................................................................58 F–J prefixes ...........................................................................................59 K–O prefixes .........................................................................................59 P–Z prefixes ..........................................................................................60 Matching Prefixes to Situations ...................................................................61 In your body .........................................................................................61 In the doctor’s office and hospital .....................................................62 In the pharmacy and research lab .....................................................63 Retro Root Rewind A–M ................................................................................63 Retro Root Rewind N–Z .................................................................................66 Chapter 7: So It Shall Be in the End: Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Common Suffixes ...........................................................................................69 -itis .........................................................................................................69 -oma .......................................................................................................70 -pathy .....................................................................................................70 And lots more suffixes .........................................................................70 Matching Suffixes to Situations ....................................................................73 In your body .........................................................................................73 In the doctor’s office and hospital .....................................................74