M E D I AT I ON O F L E G I T I M A C Y I N E A R LY C H I NA A Study of the Neglected Zhou Scriptures and the Grand Duke Traditions Yegor Grebnev MEDIATION OF LEGITIMACY IN EARLY CHINA TANG CENTER SERIES IN EARLY CHINA TANG CENTER SERIES IN EARLY CHINA Editors Li Feng Anthony Barbieri-Low The dramatic increase of information about China’s early past made possible by recent archaeological discoveries has reenergized the study of Early China. The Tang Center Series in Early China, sponsored by the Tang Center for Early China at Columbia University and published by Columbia University Press, presents new studies that make major contributions to our understanding of early Chinese civilization and break new theoretical or methodological grounds in Early China studies, especially works that analyze newly discovered paleographic and manuscript materials and archaeological data. The disciplinary focus of the series includes history, archaeology, art history, anthropology, literature, philosophy, and the history of science and technology. The time period covered spans from the Neolithic to the end of the Han dynasty (220 ce) or to the end of the Tang dynasty (907 ce) for titles in archaeology. Modeling Peace: Royal Tombs and Political Ideology in Early China, Jie Shi Kingly Splendor: Court Art and Materiality in Han China, Allison R. Miller Many Worlds Under One Heaven: Material Culture, Identity, and Power in the Northern Frontiers of the Western Zhou, 1045–771 bce, Yan Sun Kingly Crafts: The Archaeology of Craft Production in Late Shang China, Yung-ti Li Mediation of L egitimacy in Early China A STUDY OF THE NEGLECTED ZHOU SCRIPTURES AND THE GRAND DUKE TRADITIONS Yegor Grebnev Columbia University Press New York Columbia University Press wishes to express its appreciation to the Tang Center for Early China for funding and editorial support in the publication of this book. Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup.columbia.edu Copyright © 2022 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Grebnyev, Georgiy, 1983–author. Title: Mediation of legitimacy in early China: a study of the Yi Zhou shu and the Grand Duke traditions / Yegor Grebnev. Description: New York : Columbia University Press, [2022] | Series: Tang Center series in early China | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021053941 (print) | LCCN 2021053942 (ebook) | ISBN 9780231203401 (hardback) | ISBN 9780231555036 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Yi Zhou shu. | Yi Zhou shu—Criticism, Textual. | Transmission of texts— China—History—To 1500. | Taoism—China—History—To 1500. | Legitimacy of governments— Religious aspects—Taoism. | China—History—Zhou dynasty, 1122–221 B.C.—Historiography. | China—Intellectual life—To 221 B.C. Classification: LCC DS747.13.G74 2022 (print) | LCC DS747.13 (ebook) | DDC 931/.03—dc23/ eng/20220208 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021053941 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021053942 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America Cover design: Noah Arlow Cover image: Zheng Xiao CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii LIST OF TABLES ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi CHRONOLOGY xiii Introduction 1 Chapter One The Structure of the Yi Zhou shu and Its Formation History 20 Chapter Two Understanding Early Chinese Scriptures 58 Chapter Three Appropriated and Created Scriptures 91 Chapter Four Royal Colloquies as the Main Text Type in the Yi Zhou shu 101 Chapter Five Daoist Scriptures of the Grand Duke 130 vi CONTENTS Chapter Six Heirloom Treasures, Scriptures, and Legitimacy 178 Conclusion 217 Appendix One Scenic, Formalistic, and Alarming Contextual Settings 225 Appendix Two Summary of the Zhou shu in the Shi lüe 235 Appendix Three “Sequential Outline of the Zhou Scriptures” 239 Appendix Four Permutations of the Chapter(s) “Shifa” (Order of Posthumous Names) 245 NOTES 253 BIBLIOGRAPHY 321 INDEX 343 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1.1: St. George’s Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky: current view. 21 Figure 1.2: St. George’s Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky: reconstruction by S ergey Zagraevsky. 21 Figure 6.1: The ding vessel from the tomb of King Cuo of Zhongshan. 185 Figure 6.2: The fanghu vessel from the tomb of King Cuo of Zhongshan. 185 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Records related to the Zhou shu and the Jizhong Zhou shu in the bibliographic chapters of the standard histories 24 Table 1.2: Composition of the Yi Zhou shu 42 Table 2.1: Sequences of posthumous names of the kings of Western Zhou (mid-eleventh to tenth centuries bce) and the rulers of Chu (eighth to sixth centuries bce) 80 Table 3.1: Properties of chapters in the Shang shu and the Yi Zhou shu pre- sented as future-projected instructions 97 Table 3.2: Properties of dramatic speeches in the Shang shu 98 Table 4.1: Summary of the Yi Zhou shu royal colloquies 103 Table 4.2: Formulaic cluster at the conclusion of royal colloquies 113 Table 4.3: Use of the patterns “何X非Y” and “何A何B何C” in the Yi Zhou shu chapters 118 Table 5.1: Texts related to the Grand Duke mentioned in the Sui shu, Jiu Tang shu, Xin Tang shu, and Song shi and their present state 132 Table 5.2: Intact and fragmentary recensions of the Liu tao 137 Table 5.3: Western Han excavated manuscripts with counterparts in the historically attested Grand Duke traditions 138 Table 5.4: Textual authority in the Yi Zhou shu and the Grand Duke traditions 175 Table A.1.1: Instances of scenic contextual setting in the Shang shu and the Yi Zhou shu 225 Table A.1.2: Instances of formalistic contextual setting in the Shang shu and the Yi Zhou shu 228 Table A.1.3: Instances of alarming contextual setting in the Shang shu and the Yi Zhou shu 232