Measuring Techniques in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Measuring Techniques in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows Symposium, Nancy, France July 5-8, 1983 Editors J.M.Delhaye and G.Cognet With 430 Figures Springer -Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1984 J. M. Delhaye Commissariat it l'Energie Atomique Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble Service des Transferts Thermiques 85X 38041 Grenoble Cedex-France G.Cognet Institut National Poly technique de Lorraine Laboratoire d'Energetique et de Mecanique Theorique et Appliquee BP850 54011 Nancy Cedex-France ISBN-13:978-3-642-82114-1 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-82112-7 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-82112-7 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Measuring techniques in gas-liquid two-phase flows. At head of the title: International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Includes index. 1. Two-phase flow-Measurement-Congresses. 2. Fluid dynamic measurements-Congresses. I. Delhaye, J. M., II. Cognet. G. (Gerard) . III. International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. TA357.M416 1984 532'.051'0287 84-5331 This work is subjectto copyright. All rights are reserved, whetherthewhole orpartofthe material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photoco pying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. © Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg 1984 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1984 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a spe cific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2061/3020 543 2 1 0 Scientific Committee S. Banerjee, USA G.F. Hewitt, UK J.M. Delhaye, France (Chairman) F. Mayinger, FRG F. Durst, FRG K. Sekoguchi, Japan T.J. Hanratty, USA V.E. Nakoryakov, USSR Local Organizing Committee J.C. Charpentier M. Lebouche G. Cogne'c (Chairman) M. Martin Symposium Sponsors Association Uni versi taire de Mecanique (AUlII) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Electricite de France (EdF) Institut National Poly technique de Lorraine (INPL) International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) Preface A IUTAM symposium on "Measuring Techniques in Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flows" was held on July 5-8, 1983 in Nancy, France. This topic in cluded instrumentation for steam-water and liquid-vapor flows but strictly excluded measuring techniques for gas or liquid flows with solid particles. The top priority in the paper selection was given to presentations of new methods which had been substantiated by theoretical modeling, calibration tests and comparison tests with other techniques. Examples of experimental resul ts obtained with the proposed instrumentation had to be displayed. However the interpretation of these results in terms of two-phase flow or heat transfer modeling did not fall wi thin the scope of the meeting. Thirty four papers were presented during the Symposium and 79 participants coming from Canada, European countries, Japan and the United States attended the sessions. They represented not only Universities but also state agencies and private companies. After the meeting each paper was peer-reviewed by at least three referees. The Editors of this Procee dings Volume are pleased to extend their deep gratitude to the following reviewers: J.L. Achard, R.J. Adrian, B. Azzopardi, J.A. Boure, G. Costigan, M. Courtaud, A.E. Dukler, F. Durst, J.R. Fincke, G. Gouesbet, P. Griffith, T.J. Hanratty, A. Hawighorst, T.R. Heidrick, G. Hetsroni, Y.Y. Hsu, M. Huetz-Aubert, E. Hussein, Ch. Jeandey, O.C. Jones, N. Kondic, R.T. Lahey, M. Lance, G. Lassahn, J. Leblond, Y. Lecoffre, R.S.L. Lee, G. Lespinard, E. Marschall, F. Mayinger, J.F. Musso, D. Nguyen, J. Reimann, E. Rhodes, F. Resch, J. Richou, A. Serizawa, R.L. Smith, P. Smigielski, M. Souhar, A.M. Taylor, W.H. Vance, Ph. Vernier, J.M. Veteau, P. Vigliano, G.B. Wallis, and P.J. Walklate. It must be understood that the success of this Symposium on "Measuring Techniques in Gas-Liquid Flows" was due to the goodwill and support of many persons and organizations. In particular we are very in debted to the Members of the Scientific Committee for their scientific assistance and their help before and during the Symposium. Let us thank also the Session Chairpersons, the Authors and all the participants for their active cooperation. VIII Last but not least we deeply acknowledge the constant and pre cious help of our secretaries C. Ducarne, N. Maran, F. Maxant and P. Steff who have handled all the paper work with great care. Finally we did appreciate Springer Verlag's efficiency for the publication of this Proceedings volume in a short time. The Editors Participants R.W. Albrecht Dept of Nuclear Engng University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 USA G. Analytis EIR 5303 WUrenlingen Switzerland P. Andreussi Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Universita di Pisa Via Diotisalvi 2 56100 Pisa Italy R. Baghai Assistance Industrielle Dauphinoise BP 95 38243 Meylan Cedex France C.J. Bates Dept of Mechanical Engng and Energy Studies University College, Cardiff Newport Road Cardiff CF2 ITA UK A. Biesheuvel Lab. voor Warmte-en Stromingsleer T.H. Twente Postbus 217 Enschede Netherlands I. Bencze Statoil PB 300 N 4001 Stavanger Norway B. Bussy EDF Etudes et Recherches 6 Quai Watier 78400 Chatou France x M. Bouhe1assa Universite de Techno1ogie de Compiegne BP 233 60206 Compiegne Cede x France P. Campbell Thermohydrau1ics Research Branch Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd 'Pinawa, Manitoba Canada ROE 1LO A. Cartellier Institut de Mecanique de Grenoble BP 68 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres Cedex France A.M. Chan Mechanical Research Dept Ontario Hydro 800 Kipling Avenue Toronto, Ontario M8Z 554 Canada J.S. Chang Dept of Engng Physics and Institute for Energy Studies McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada L9C 1Z4 J.C. Charpentier Laboratoire des Sciences du Genie Chimique 1, rue Grandville 54042 Nancy Cedex France D. Chisholm Glasgow College of Technology C:owcaddens Road Glasgow G4 OBA UK G. Class KFK Postfach 3640 7500 Karlsruhe 1 FRG G. Cognet LEMTA BP 850 54011 Nancy Cedex France XI J.M. Delhaye Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble Service des Transferts Thermiques 85 X 38041 Grenoble Cedex France E. Deliry EDF Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique BP 49 78041 Chatou Cedex France M. Diamantidis Heat Transfer Division Euratom-CCR 21020 Ispra Italy A. Ederhof Brown Boveri and Co Aktiengese1lschaft Dept 2XE CH 5401 Baden Switzerland T. Fortescue Heat Transfer Division Euratom CCR 21020 Ispra Italy Th. Fournier Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble Service des Transferts Thermiques 85 X 38041 Grenoble Cedex France A.J.M. Foussat Ets Schlumberger 26, rue de la Cavee BP 202 92142 Clamart France C. Van der Geld Eindhoven University of Technology Lab. of Heat Technology PB 513 Eindhoven Netherlands XII S. Gowing DTNSRDC (U.S. Navy) Bethesda, Md USA J.C. Guilloud Assistance Industrielle Dauphinoise BP 95 38243 Meylan Cedex France T.J. Hanratty University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemical Engineering 205 Roger Adams Laboratory 1209 West California Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA A. Hawighorst Institut fur Verfahrenstechnik Universitat Hannover Callinstrasse 36 3000 Hannover 1 FRG G.F. Hewitt AERE Harwell, Oxfordshire Engineering Sciences Division OX 11 ORA UK A. Howe ARC Food Research Institute Colney Lane, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7UA Norwich 56122 UK J.P. Hulin EPS Schlumberger 26, rue de la Cavee BP 202 92142 Clamart France E. Hussein Ontario Hydro 700 University Avenue Toronto, Ontario H16 E19 Canada J. Immink Technische Universitat Berlin Institut fur Kerntechnik 1000 Berlin FRG