Measuring and Modeling Human Body Shapes for Vehicle Design and Assessment Matthew P. Reed, PhD Research Associate Professor Head, Biosciences Group, UMTRI Human Motion Simulation Lab, Center for Ergonomics, Industrial and Operations Engineering Overview Biosciences Group Human Motion Simulation Lab Engineering Laboratory and Anthropometry and Field Ergonomics Ergonomics! Studies! Motion Injury Modeling! Biomechanics! ! Crash Data Advanced Manikin Analysis! Developmen!t Humans in Engineered Systems • Humans interact with nearly all products and systems either in manufacture, use, maintenance, or disposal. • On nearly every relevant attribute, humans vary more than any other factor considered in the design of a product • Human physical variability (size, shape, mass, strength…) is a critical consideration in the design of products to be used by people What is Anthropometry? • Human Body + Spatial Measurement = human size and shape • Often used to mean anthropometric data or the application of anthropometric data • Anthropometry is critical in the design of most engineered systems with which people interact • Anthropometry is the oldest and most successful component of “human factors” engineering Traditional Anthropometric Dimensions! Sources of Anthropometric Data • Traditional anthropometric surveys use simple mechanical tools (calipers, scales, measuring tapes) to record body dimensions • The most complete data are available for military populations ANSUR: 1988 U.S. Army Survey is a widely used publicly available data set with over 140 dimensions (ANSUR II is now underway.) • Well-sampled civilian data contain few dimensions, primarily stature and body weight: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey:* •  NHANES III: stratified survey of U.S. civilians normed to 1990 •  Since 1999, data from an ongoing survey are released in 2-year blocks *See NCHS at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/! Some Round Numbers Percentiles for stature and weight for U.S. civilians age 18+ from NHANES (1990 and 2005-2008): !Men !Women! Weight (lb)*! 5th%ile !131 134 !106 111! 50th%ile !176 188 !144 157†! 95th%ile !245 272 !228 249! Stature (in.)*! 5th%ile !64.7 (5ʼ5”) 64.4 (5ʼ5”) !59.7 (5ʼ0”) 59.4 (4ʼ11”)! 50th%ile !69.3 (5ʼ9”) 69.3 (5ʻ9”) !64.0 (5ʼ4”) 63.8 (5ʼ4”) !! 95th%ile !74.1 (6ʼ2”) 74.3 (6ʼ2”) !68.4 (5ʼ8”) 68.3 (5ʻ8”)! ! * No shoes, light clothing † ~50th%ile male weight in 1962 ! Applications of Anthropometric Data • The design of any product or workspace with which humans interact physically can benefit from applied anthropometry • But humans are highly adaptable and expectations are low • Most anthropometric considerations are addressed using simplistic univariate look-up tables based on 5th-percentile female and 95th-percentile male values of standard anthropometric dimensions (usually based on out-of-date information or data from a military population). Automotive Applications Vehicle Interior Layout (Packaging)! Figure Models for Ergonomics! Seat Design! Human Body Models! Crash Dummy Development! Other Mobility Applications Other Mobility Applications