; MKLL ® MANUAL ' ""*., r 1 Da fif i i A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® THIRD EDITION ISABEL BRIGGS MYERS MARY MCCAULLEY H. NAOMI QUENK ALLEN HAh MER L. L. H&to °*%A, MBTI Manual •3JST PimaCommunityCollege Donated by: Downtown Campus Advising and Counseling MBTI Manual A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Third Edition Isabel Briggs Myers Mary H. McCaulley Naomi Quenk L. Allen L. Hammer CPP CONSULTING PSYCHOLOGISTSPRESS, INC. PaloAlto, California i onsultingPsychologistsPress.Inc. 5803EastBayshoreRoad,Palo Uto ( \^4303 800-624 www.mbticom ( op)n>>ht© 19Q-8h\ c onsulting PsychologistsPress. Inc. All rightsreserved. 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Millon Index<>/ Personality StylesandMIPSaretrademarksofThePsychologicalCorporation MinnesotaMultiphasic Personalis ln\auor\ andMMPIareregisteredtrademarksofTheRegentsofthe I nivcTsiivol Minnesota IheNEOPersonalityInventor) andNEO-P1aretr.ulem.uksol I'sychologicalAssessmentResources In. ;onalitj / orior, Questionnaireand 16PFare registered trademarksofInstitute for Personality andAbilit) resting, Inc. Wechslei Adult IntelligenceScaleisaregistered trademarkolThePsychologicalCorporation & Directorol restPublishing InformationServices I R Prehn SeniorProjectDirectoi Pegg) llexandei ManagingEditoi hill \nderson-Wilson Devi lopmental Editoi Kathleen Simon ( opyeditoi lean S(hiffman Proofread<i Pal Ilarris Indexer shnlev Manle) < ovei An (0 InulaLevin Paesi dti Sogni, 1990 i overDesign BigI ish InteriorDesignei MarkOng SideBySideStudios DirectorofDesign\rProduction LauraAckerman-Shaw Production I lysia( ooki ManufacwringManagei GloiiaForbes 11 Contents Tables ix Chapter 4 Understanding the 16 Types 35 Using Type Tables to Promote Figures xiii Understanding 36 Foreword x\ IdemlivingGroupingsofthe Preferences 37 Preface xvii Characteristics ofGroupings ol the Acknowledgments xix Preferences 38 Characteristics ofthe 16 Types 63 Conclusion 102 Part Introduction I I Chapter 1 Overview 3 Part Administration and How to Use This Manual 4 III Interpretation 103 DifferencesBetween the MBT1 and Other Instruments 4 Chapter 5 Administering the MBTI 105 OverviewofPsychological Type Appropriate Populations for Theory 5 Administration 106 IdentifyingMBTI Preferences 7 Selection ofthe Appropriate Form 106 Uses ofthe MBTI Instrument 8 Gaining Respondent Cooperation 107 Conclusion 8 Introducing the MBTI 108 Guidelines DuringAdministration 109 Chapter 2 A Tradition ofChange 9 Scoring the MBTI Form M 110 Construction ofthe MBTI 1 Conclusion 113 Development ofthe MBTI 1 The 1998 Revision 13 Chapter6 Interpreting Results ofthe MBTI and Conclusion 17 VerifyingType 115 Research Evidence Regarding Reported and Verified Type 116 Part II Theory 19 Introducing the Interpretation 116 VerifyingType 117 Chapter3 The Theory Behind the MBTI 21 Explaining Type Dynamics and A BriefHistory ofType Theory T) Development 119 The Four Functions 23 FactorsThat Influence Accurac\ ol The Four Attitudes or Orientations 25 sell-Report 120 The Theory ofType Development 27 Interpretingthe Preference Clarity Index The Dynamic Interaction ol the and Preference Clarity Categorieson Preferences 29 the MBTI 121 Conclusion 33 Conclusion 123 6 VI \ll'»l 1 Manual Part IV Research 25 Using Type with Couples 240 1 UsingType with Families 245 Chapter 7 Construction and Properties ofthe UsingType in Treatment for Chemical MBTI 127 Dependency 246 History ofthe Development of Previous SummaryofClinical Research 246 MBTI Forms 128 Administeringand Interpreting the MBTI Issues in the Construction ofPrevious in Counselingand Psychotherapy MBTI Forms 131 Settings 249 Item Response Theory 134 Conclusion 251 Selection ofItems for Form M 139 Development ofScoring Procedures for Chapter 11 Uses ofType in Education 253 Form M 143 Revised byJohn K DiTiberio Determining the Midpoint ofthe Scales Workingwith the 16Types in for Form M 149 Education 254 Properties ofForm M 150 Characteristics ofLearners 261 The National Sample and the National Teachers and Teacher-Learner Representative Sample 156 Interactions 265 Conclusion 157 Academic Aptitude and Achievement 266 Chapter8 Reliability and Measurement Approaches to Reading, Writing, and Precision 159 Foreign Language Learning 271 Internal Consistency Reliability UsingType in Elementaryand Secondary Estimates 1fiO Education 276 Test-Retest Reliability Estimates 162 UsingType in Higher Education 277 Measurement Precision Using the IRT Type and Cultural Differences in Method 164 Education 279 Conclusion 165 Administeringand Interpreting the MBTI Chapter9 Validity 171 in Educational Settings 280 Validity ofthe Four Preference Conclusion 283 Scales 172 Chapter 12 Uses ofType in Career Counseling 285 ValidityofWholeTypesand Type RevisedbyJean M. Kummcww Dynamics 196 AssumptionsUnderlyingthe Use ofthe MBTI Research Resources 218 MBTI in Career Counseling 286 Conclusion 219 Work Environments 286 Occupational Selection 293 PartV The Uses ofType 221 Job Satisfaction 303 Interests 307 Chapter 10 Uses ofType in Counselingand Values 312 Psychotherapy 223 Career Decision Making 31 Advantages ofa Typological Approach to OtherFactors Influencing Career Counselingand Psychotherapy 224 Counseling 317 Type and theTherapy/Counseling Four Levels ofType Interpretation in Process 225 Career Counseling 317 Implications ofResearch on Health, Administeringand Interpreting Stress, and Copingwith Stress 235 the MBTI in Career Counseling UsingType with Different Age Settings 322 Groups 239 Conclusion 324 Contents vn Chapter 13 Uses ofType in Organizations 325 Chapter 14 UsesofType in Multicultural Settings 367 Contributedby Linda K. Kirby, < ontributedby Linda K. Kirbyand Nam\ I Barger, andRogerR Pearman NancyJ. Barger Introducing (he \1B1 and Psychological Type and Culture 368 I Type in Organizations 326 Using the MBTI Personality Inventor) Introducingand Using the Dynamicand in Multicultural Settings 368 Developmental Aspects ofType 330 Practical Concerns About Multicultural Improving Communication 332 Use ofthe MBTI 372 Dealingwith Conflict 335 Translations ofthe MBTI 373 Enhancing Problem Solvingand Multicultural Scoring Issues 374 Decision Making 339 Administeringand Interpreting the MBTI Planning, Implementing, and Managing in Multicultural Settings 375 Organizational Change 341 Multicultural Type Distribution Recognizingand ManagingStress 344 Samples 378 Using the MBTI with Teams 348 Conclusion 384 Using the MBTI in Leadership Development and Coaching 352 Appendix: Sourcesand Descriptions Using Type in Analyzing ofSamples ofthe 1998 Revision 385 Organizations 358 Administeringand Interpreting the MBTI Notes 387 in Organizations 359 Glossary' 389 Conclusion 365 References 395 Contributors 411 Index 413