NEW COLUMBIA JOIST CO. JOIST DESIGN DATA SHEET No.1 P.O. Box 31-New Columbia, PA 17856·0031 717·568·6761-717·568·1001 (FAX) HOW TO SPECIFY SPECIAL JOISTS To obtain correct and competitive bids the specifying professional must show any special loading on the structural drawings. Special loadings could include concentrated loads and any non-uniform load distribution such as: J 2' 2' 5' 3' I 8' SPlf 2000Ibs. I 250 plf 80 plf 3588lbs. 23521bs. span = 20' The maximum moment for this loading is 20267 lb. It. The equivalent uniform load to produce this moment would be 405 Ibs. per It. The maximum end reaction is 3588 Ibs. The equivalent uniform load to produce this reaction would be 359 Ibs. per It: The K series joist tables show a 16K3 (with a 20' span) has a total load capacity of 410 Ibs. per It. The designer should show a 16K3SP on the drawings. The SP indicates special requirements for the joist. The joist manufacturer will review the designated joist for its ability to carry the special loads shown. Joist Girders with unequal panel point loads must also be defined by showing the load diagram on the structural drawings. 'For all standard K senes joists the maximum end reaction is 8700 Ibs. If more reaction capacity is needed, consider using two lor more) joists to share the load. For LH and DLH joists a conservative end reaction can be found by dividing the tabulated SAFE LOAD by two. !NCJ! NICHOLAS I. BOURAS, INC. PO. BOX 662. 475 SPRINGFIELD AV . SUMMIT. NEW JERSEY 07902-0662 19081 277-1617 • • • HIGH YIELD STRENGTHS (up 10 65 KSI) even for ultra-heavy section. • OUTSTANDING TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES • EXTREMELY LOW CARBON eOUIVALENT - ensures elleel· lenl weidablllt)' A NEW PAOCESS.~ OST. The secret is In AABED's (8volu· tlonary new In-Une OST process OTHER RECENT AlI.ED HISTAR® INNOVATIONS: .ao -, ARBED·ROlLEO '4 -, and ·'TAILOR·MADE'· (WTM) ",le$ - famous 'or high tec:Uon moduli. A new generation gr• •, 'alera' buckling resistance, and big savlngl In fabrication of rolled beams costs and we6ghts. These products are allo available In the new HISTAR Quality as Is our standard and column shapes WF ••r l• • and H SEARING PILES for economical NEW LITERATURE AVAILABLE Send now for complet. data on ,II steel construction. ttlase AABED products, contact Trade "ABED, INC., 825 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022 (212) Once again, AABEO leads the 486-9890, FAX 212-355-215912421 Industry by featUring a trendsetting In Canada TradeARBEO Can.da combination of mechanical, Inc., 33<lO Malnway, Burlington, • chemical and technological Ontario, Canada L7M 1A7 properties' (416) 335-5710, FAX 41&.J35.1292 DlIIIOVJd'ORI or ITDL CCWiiRUCTION PRODUCTI. MODERN STEEL • CONSTRUCTION Volume 33, Number 5 May 1993 FEATURES 14 FABRICATORS, ENGINEERS AIM FOR CONSENSUS Despite differences in views on allthority attd liability, ittdustry-wide agreement Ott desigtt responsibility is close to becomittg a reality 22 SEISMIC UPGRADE FOR A CONCRETE FRAME Four steel buttress towers were added to a concrete-framed building to bring it up to current seismic standards 28 ACTIVE BRACING SYSTEMS A recent filII-scale mockllp showed tlte practicality of "smart" bracillg systems for seismic desigtt 34 WEST COST QUAKES SEND TREMORS • THROUGHOUT THE EAST fou, steel buttress towers were added to tllis cmlcrete -framed structure;n order to bring it /I used to be that ottly buildittg out West tteeded to meet lip to Cllrrellt seismic stmldards. It! addition, strict seismic codes; blltltOW building codes alottg the th, additioll added 26,()/J() sq. ft· of usabl, Eastern seaboard have been drastically amended space. The story be11ind this il1novatit't reI/ova"OIl b"gills Oil page 22. Photo by Mert Corp""ter Photography, !.os Gatos, CA (408) 370-1663. NEWS AND DEPARTMENTS Modem Steel Construction (Volume 33, 6 EDlTORlAL 12 STEEL NEWS Number 5). ISSN 0026-8445 Published • Steel Calendar monthly by the Amencan Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC). One East 9 STEEL • New Computer Wacker Dr., Suite 3100, Chicago, IL INTERCHANGE Program For Moment 60601-2001. • Design of a bracket Rotation Curve AdvertISIng office: PaUis/3M, 7161 North connection carrying CICero. Lincolnwood. It 60646. moment 43 FASTE ERPRODUCTS Subscnpllon pnce: • Welding nuts to bolts to Within the U.S.-5lngle issues $3; 1 year prevent backing off 50 STEEL MARKETPLACE $30; 3 years $85 Oulsode the U.S.-smgle ISSueS $5; 1 • Connecting wide-flange year $36; 3 years $100. beams to tube columns Postmaster: Please send address changes to Modern Steel Construction, One East Wacker Or., Sulle 3100, • Chicago, It 60601-2001. Second-class postage paid at Chicago, It and at additonal mailing offices. 41 Modern Steel Construction I May 1993 There are those who have seen the future. Announcing the arrival of STAAD-III/ISDS - Release 17. Once again, Research Engineers, has made the technology of tomorrow available to you today. Use newly introduced facilities like NON-LINEAR Release 17 marks the debut of AutoSTAAD/MAX - the analysis, TIME HISTORY analysis, user-controlled world's first integrated structural software system that multiple iteration P-Delta analysis, steel design for works entirely within AutoCAD. transmission towers (ASCE Pub. 52) etc. in addition to 14 different steel, concrete, and timber codes, to explore All these powerful capabilities coupled with the the widest possible range of design solutions. industry's most knowledgeable and experienced support staff, makes STM D-III/ISDS the ultimate productivity Release 17's powerful printer plotting capabilities allow tool you've been waiting for. you to generate the industry's sharpest and most comprehensive run output. For the first time, you can STAAD-III/ISDS Release 17 - there are those combine numerical output with graphical output - all in who have seen the future ... have you? the same run document. Yes, we support the widest .-.Research possible range of printers - from sophisticated lasers to CC Engineers, Inc. down-to-earth dot- matrix printers. liliiii On the graphics front, Release 17 features an 1570 N. Batavia, Orange, CA. 92667. enormously enhanced graphics input generator with CALL TOLL FREE (800) 367-7373 . aralleled speed and power, In addition, Tel: (714) 974-2500 FAX:(714) 974-4771 Research Engineers Worldwide U.S.A. • U.K . • JAPAN . GERMANY. FRANCE . NORWAY. CANADA . INDIA • E o T o R A L Pet Peeve #2 Editorial Staff W hile computers and their ilk have simplified our daily Scott Melnick, business activities-and cut costs-they've also added a lot Editor and Publisher of aggravation. Patrick M. Newman, P.E., Senior Technical Ad visor For example, we're always trying to keep Modern Steel Charlie Carter, Construction's circulation as up-to-date as possible. As such, we send Technical Advisor readers renewal cards every year. When a reader hasn't responded to a renewal card in a while, we send a "last chance" notification. Unfortunately, our instructions to our computer system were not dear Editorial Offices enough, and letters went out to everyone with a stop date in February, Modem Steel Construction whether they had renewed or not. My apologies to those I harangued One East Wacker Dr. Suite 3100 unnecessa ril y. Chicago, I L 60601-2001 But I know I'm not alone in Computer-Aided Failure. I've already (312) 670-5407 mentioned my disHke for poorly conceived voice mail systems. Just as bad are Fax Abusers. Advertising Sales The latest example of fax abuse 10 cross my desk came in the form of a press release from a huge, East Coast-based corporation. To start with, • Pallis-3M 7161 North Cicero there was no reason for the press release to be faxed. It contained no Lincolnwood, lL 60646 information of shocking urgency-rather, it was a run-of-the-mill new (708) 679-11 00 product announcement. In fact, it wasn't even a product related to the FAX (708) 679-5926 steel industry. Yet this company felt the need to tie up my fax machine with the equivalent of junk mail. But to add insult to injury, they have AISC Officers not yet mastered the automated fax technology they are using, and induded with my copy was a two-page Hsting of their maillist. Stephen E. Egger, Chairman Customer service is another area where technology has all-to-often Frank B. Wylie, 1Il, proven a failure. I recently purchased a piece of mail-order software First Vice Chairman that, unfortunately, came with a defective floppy disk. I called the Robert E. Owen, Second Vice Chairman company's customer service number, but of course it was busy. I called Robert D. Freeland, back. It was busy. I called back and got through to a voice mail system. Treasurer But when I tried to leave a message, I was informed that the system was Neil W. Zundel, President "fulJ" and I should call again. Which I did, with the same result. Finally David Ratterman, I resorted to faxing them a note (which was not ea y in itself, since their Secretary & General Counsel fax machine was almo t continuously busy). To their credit, however, I Lewis Brunner, did receive a replacement disk in less than three weeks (though no other Vice President, Membership Services acknowledgement was sent). Geerhard Haaijer, The problem seems to be that the people who implement systems Vice President, based on new technology never have to experience the frustrations of Technology & Research Morris Caminer, actually using the system. The solution, which few executives seem Vice President, willing to implement, is to put yourself in the position of your customer. Finance/ Administration Not just on a theoretical basis, but in practice. Call your company one day and see what an outsider goes through. Place an order. And finally, • sit down at a computer terminal and see what actually goe on with your inventory and order input system. SM 6/ Modern Sttocl Construction I May 1993 D to. tfl •to. Our breakthrough 3-D technology can't De shown in a 2-D ad. Call for your first hand demonstration of the SDS/2 Detailing System. • Break through time-{;onsuming 2-D, line-by-Iine graphics with the 3-D technology of the SOS/2 Version 5.4 gives you the ability to automatically produce shop draWings and other information about a structure never before possible. The benefits are invaluable to design engineers, steel fabricators and detailers ... or anyone who is involved in the conception and production of steel. The SDS/2 Software Solutions are the ultimate steel fabrication tool. All information created in SOS/2 or transferred through DesignLlNK from third-party design software, can be used throughout all phases of design and fabrication. The SDS/2 Software Solutions include: • Engineering Analysis and Design Module • Detailing Module • Production Control Module • CNC Interface • F.mmating Module • DesignLINK Call Design Data to arrange your personal demonstration or to request additional information. DESIGN DATA • "First in ... software, solutions, service" 402-476-8378 or 1-&>0-443-0782 • • Steel Interchange ------- Stetl hlttrchangt is an open forum for Mod"n Stetd ConstrllctWtl Answers and/or questions should be typewritten and double readers to exchange usefuJ and practical professional ideas and in· spaced. Submittals that have been preparl'<i by word·processing are formation on aU phases of steel building and bridge construction appreciated on computer diskette (either as a Wordperfect file or In Opinions and suggestions are welcome on any subJed covered in ASCII format). this magazme. If you have a question or problem that your fellow The opinions expressed in Sled hrtercllaflge do not necessanly readers might help to solve, please forward it to Modrnr Steel COli· represent an official position of the American Institute of Steel Con struction. At the same time feel free to respond to any of the ques struction, Inc. and have not been reviewed. It is recognized that the tions thai you have read here. Please send them to: design of structures is within the scope and expertise of a compe Steel Interchange t('nllicensed structural engineer, architect or other licensed profes Modem Steel Construction sional for the application of principles to a p.lrlicular structure. 1 East Witcker Dr. Information on ordering AISC publications menttoned in thiS ar- Suite 3100 ticle can be obtained by calling AI at 312/670-24ooe'(1. 433. Chicago, IL 60601 T he following responses to questions from previ ous Steel Interchange columns have been re b ceived: Can you show a design of a bracket connection T carrying moment (February 1993)? O ne solution can be arrived at by visualizing that ( the beam and bracket act together as a single unit. The problem now is similar to a haunched beam c "'I to-column connection which is a more familiar mo ment type connection. In order to design a rigid con P J.h_lc/ T • .!1L_C " nection using the above assumption, an end plate can • be utilized to which both the beam and bracket are V"'~ fully welded. For the same reason, it is advantageous p. '11. .. '11. .. to weld the bottom flange of the beam to the top plate ,~~ 1 of the bracket rather than bolting them. This sub b assemblage can be fabricated in a shop with relative ease and efficiency. It can then be bolted the column in the field later. T The vertical web stiffener, defining the critical V; -. area of the web, will create a web panel with an aspect f)'" 11 ratio between 0.75 and 1.50. This web panel should be able to resist moment Mo without excessive shear de c 1 fonnation (no yielding or buckling). Otherwise, addi tional diagonal stiffeners will be required to carry the balance of flange tensile/compressive force via truss action. The bracket sha II be designed for vertical forces, V m and V", applied at point A (Case I). The end plate should be proportioned to resist the same load, i.e. V m CASE I[ + V", in tension. However, prying of the column con nection bolts may control the end plate thickness re quirement. In situations where the connection be tween the bottom flange of the beam and the bracket feners sha II be provided similar to any other bolted top plate is rendered through bolts in bearing, the end connections. plate shall provide resistance against a portion of the If the flange area of the gusset plate is within the shear force acting between the two surfaces. This is in same order of magnitude of the beam flange area, it is • addition to the tensile forces mentioned earlier and preferable to use the same width for both nanges and tends to complicate the end plate design. eliminate the bracket top plate (Case II). The column connection bolts shall resist the fixed Abbas POllrbohloll1 end moment of the beam, Mf' and its end shear, VI' for Consolidated Rail Corporation the clear span between columns. Column flange stif- Philadelphia, PA Modern Steel onstruction 1 May 1993/9 --------------------------------------------------------------- ---- • Steel Interchange Is it permissible to weld nuts to bolts to prevent How can you connect wide-flange beams to tube then from backing off? Are any special welding pro columns? ceduIes requued? Is bolt or nut slIength affected? T he figure below shows a different concept of con W hile it is not considered desirable to weld a necting wide-flange beams to all fom faces of a nut to a bolt, it is not uncommon to encounter slIuctural tube column to transfer moment and shear situations where loosening of nut could pose a real than has previously been offered in Steeiintercitallge. threat for slIuctural failure. In a recent case involving The end stiffener plates, connection plates and other the base of a connection material can be shop welded and the tall tower, the beam can then be bolted to the column in the field. undersigned George Chiang, P.E. was faced with The Port Authority of NY and NJ a similar situa New York tion where the columns were _~,J d.ff ~ (Tft.) su bjected to rl ... mild but con CDnNtf,.;, (T..I ~) tinuous vibra tions and loos . - ening of the - =.--- .:;. nuts had to be ---~ prevented. • --~~.. .~.- This was ac complished by tack welding trhetea cinoelur mbanr s to '1I, I -_" C fJQlini f,1;., . Ii ,-r.! 8) , II ' base plate adja- cent to each of ~ I" CDII",·,:f/~' 0 I,/~ Il.t the two achor bolts as shown in the figme. This was done because the anchor bolts did not have sufficient projection for a second (locking) nut. 1 : \" .." . JM! tl · Vijay P. Kitnsal, P.E. I Ohio Edison I AIaon,OH New Questions L isted at right are questions that we would like the U readers to answer or discuss. nder what circumstances does the designer If you have an answer or suggestion please send have to consider torsion in the design of a it to the Steel Interchange Editor, Modem Steel Con beam? struction, One East Wacker Dr" Suite 3100, Chicago, A 1L 60601-200l. re there any design aids that will help an engi Questions and responses will be printed in future neer design a steel a_rch or a communications • editions of Steel Interchange, Also, if you have a ques tower? tion or problem that readers might help solve, send H these to the Steel Interchange Editor, ow can One take into account blast effects in the design of steel structures? 10 I Modern Steel Construction I May 1993