Maximilian Voloshin’s Poetic Legacy and the Post-Soviet Russian Identity Maximilian Voloshin’s Poetic Legacy and the Post-Soviet Russian Identity Marianna S. L anda MAXIMILIAN VOLOSHIN’S POETIC LEGACY AND THE POST-SOVIET RUSSIAN IDENTITY Copyright © Marianna S. Landa, 2015. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-48261-7 All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-69438-9 ISBN 978-1-137-47785-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137477859 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Landa, Marianna S., author. Maximilian Voloshin’s poetic legacy and the post-Soviet Russian identity / Marianna S. Landa. pages ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–137–48261–7 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Voloshin, Maksimilian Aleksandrovich, 1877–1932—Criticism and interpretation. 2. Russian poetry—20th century—History and criticism. I. Title. PG3470.V68Z645 2015 891.71(cid:2)3—dc23 2014047889 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: June 2015 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Juna, Doron, Daniel, and Catherine and in memory of Ian Zek, Semyon Landa, Sergey Landa, and Galina Dombrovskaya With love Contents List of Illustrationss ix Acknowledgmentss xi List of Abbreviationss xiii Brief Chronologyy xv Note on Transliteration and Translationss xxiii Introduction 1 Part I The Bolshevik Revolution 21 1 The Years of Apprenticeship 23 2 The Revolution: Voloshin as the Poet of Russia 59 3 Poems on the Red Terror in Crimea: Never Forgett 109 Part II The Dissolution of the USSRR 151 4 V oloshin and the Soviet Pastt 155 5 Dreaming of a Free Russia 167 6 V oloshin and Russia’s Religious Revival 177 Conclusion 189 Appendixx 193 Notess 2 17 Selected Bibliographyy 245 Indexx 257 Illustrations 0.1 The House of the Poet against the Karadag mountain range. Koktebel, 1923 12 0.2 Voloshin with guests in front of his house 12 0.3 V oloshin in his house. Koktebel, 1911 13 1.1 Ilya Repin “Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan November 16, 1581,” 1885 35 1.2 V oloshin, Konstantin Bogaevsky, Konstantin Kandaurov, Vera and Elizaveta Efron, Magda Nakhman, Tsvetaeva and Kirienko-Voloshina. Moscow, 1912–1913 36 1.3 V oloshin. Bern, Switzerland, 1915 49 2.1 A Rostov OSVAG flyer with Voloshin’s poem “The Holy Rus’” 1919 93 2.2 A demonstration of the Red Guards and workers in Odessa after it was occupied by the Red Army in April 1919 102 3.1 V oloshin with his future wife, Maria Stepanovna, 1923 139 5.1 “Our Lady of Vladimir,” unknown artist, twelfth centuryy 171