Max Weber and International Relations Max Weber explored the political, epistemological, and ethical pro- blemsofmodernity,andunderstoodhowcloselyconnectedtheywere. His efforts are imaginative, sophisticated, even inspiring, but also flawed.Weber’sepistemologicalsuccessesandfailureshighlightunre- solvabletensionsthatarejustaspronouncedtodayandfromwhichwe havemuchtolearn.Thiseditedcollectionofessaysoffersnovelreadings ofWeber’spolitics,approachtoknowledge,rationality,counterfactuals, idealtypes,power,bureaucracy,thestate,history,andthenon-Western world.Theconclusionslookathowsomeofhisprominentsuccessors haveaddressedorfinessedthetensionsoftheepistemologicalbetween subjective values and subjective knowledge; the sociological between socialrationalizationandirrationalmyths;thepersonalamongconflict- ingvalues;thepoliticalbetweenthekindsofleadersdemocraciesselect andthenationaltasksthatshouldbeperformed;andthetragicbetween humanconscienceandworldlyaffairs. RichardNedLebowisaprofessorofinternationalpoliticaltheoryinthe Department of War Studies, King’s College London, Bye-Fellow of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, and the James O. Freedman Presidential Professor Emeritus at Dartmouth College, USA.Hehasauthored,coauthored,oreditedthirty-sixbooksandmore than 250 peer-reviewed articles and chapters. He has made contribu- tions to international relations, political psychology, history, political theory,philosophyofscience,andclassics.HeisamemberoftheBritish Academy. Max Weber and International Relations Editedby Richard Ned Lebow King’sCollegeLondon UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108416382 DOI:10.1017/9781108236461 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-108-41638-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents ListofContributors pagevi 1 Introduction 1 richard ned lebow 2 MaxWeberandInternationalRelations 10 richard ned lebow 3 Weber’sSearchforKnowledge 40 richard ned lebow 4 TheProductionofFacts:Ideal-Typificationandthe PreservationofPolitics 79 patrick thaddeus jackson 5 MaxWeber’sPower 97 stefano guzzini 6 InternationalOrganizationsandBureaucratic Modernity 119 jens steffek 7 DecolonizingWeber:TheEurocentrismofWeber’s IRandHistoricalSociology 143 john m. hobson 8 Weber’sTragicLegacy 172 david bohmer lebow and richard ned lebow Index 200 v Contributors stefano guzzini is a senior researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies, a professor of government at Uppsala University, and a professor of international relations at PUC-Rio de Janeiro. He has published nine books, including The Return of Geopolitics in Europe? Social Mechanisms and Foreign Policy Identity Crises (Cambridge University Press, 2012), and Power, Realism and Constructivism (2013), winner of the 2014 ISA Theory Section Best Book Award. He currently serves as the president of the Central and EastEuropeanInternationalStudiesAssociation(CEEISA). john m. hobson isaprofessorofpoliticsandinternationalrelationsat theUniversityofSheffieldandisafellowoftheBritishAcademy.He has published eight books, the latest of which is The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760–2010 (Cambridge University Press, 2012). His current research charts the formation and development of the world economy in a non- Eurocentric IPE context, which picks up from his earlier book, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation (Cambridge University Press,2004). patrick thaddeus jackson isaprofessorofinternationalstudiesand an associate dean for curriculum and learning in the School of International Service at American University in Washington, DC. In2016,his bookTheConductofInquiryinInternationalRelationswas releasedinasecondedition. david bohmer lebow holds a PhD in political science from Yale University and a JD from the Yale Law School. He has been a Max Weber Fellow in Law at the European University Institute. He is currentlyalecturerinsocialstudiesatHarvardUniversity. richardnedlebowisaprofessorofinternationalpoliticaltheoryinthe War Studies Department of King’s College London, a Bye-Fellow of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, and the James vi Listofcontributors vii O. Freedman Presidential Professor (Emeritus) of Government at Dartmouth College, USA. His most recent books are National IdentificationsandInternationalRelations(CambridgeUniversityPress, 2016)andAvoidingWar,MakingPeace(2017).InDecember2015,he completedfiftyyearsofuniversityteaching. jens steffek is a professor of transnational governance at Technische Universität Darmstadt and a principal investigator in the Cluster of Excellence “The Formation of Normative Orders,” hosted by the University of Frankfurt/Main. He holds an MA degree in political science from the University of Munich (1998) and a doctorate from the European University Institute (2002). His research interests includeinternationalrelations(inparticularthestudyofinternational organizations), international law, and international political theory. Jens Steffek has published six books and some fifty journal articles andbookchapters.Hecontributed,interalia,totheEuropeanJournal of International Relations, Ethics & International Affairs, International Relations,InternationalTheory,Millennium,and Review ofInternational Studies. 1 Introduction Richard Ned Lebow MaxWeberisnotaninternationalrelationstheorist,yetheisarguablythe fatherof modernIRtheory.Heprovidedananalysisofthestateandits intimaterelationshiptoviolencethatiscentraltotherealistparadigm.He focused attention on the drives for power and domination, which are equally central to realism. He was a major influence on Hans Morgenthau, the most prominent postwar realist theorist. Weber also speaks to constructivists. He emphasized the importance of diverse motives in foreignaffairs, including those of honor and status, and how foreign policy goals and the concepts we use to understand them are culturally determined. He also made a persuasive case for combining historical and sociological analyses. Weber was deeply concerned with ethicsanditsrelationshiptopoliticsandscholarship.Ethicshasbecome a core concern of contemporary international relations theory, and for many of those who work in this subfield, Weber’s “Politik als Beruf [TheProfessionofPolitics]”essayisajumping-offpoint. Thisisnotaworkofintellectualhistory;contributorsarenotdrawnto Weberonlybecauseofhisinfluenceonourfield.WebelievethatWeber’s lifeandwritingsremainrelevanttocontemporaryinternationalrelations anditsstudy.Hesoughttocometotermswiththepolitical,epistemolo- gical,andethicalproblemsofmodernity,andtounderstoodhowclosely connectedtheyare.Hiseffortsareimaginative,sophisticated,eveninspir- ing,butalsoflawed.Hisepistemologicalsuccessesandfailureshighlight unresolvabletensionsthatarejustaspronouncedtodayandfromwhich wehavemuchto learn.Inthe 1930sandearlypostwardecades, Weber was incorrectly represented as a structural-functionalist by Talcott Parsons and as a positivist by Edward A. Shils and C. Wright Mills.1 Theirtranslations and readings of his work wash out the tensionsin his writingsandcontinuetoresonateamongso-calledmainstreamAmerican socialscientists.Itisimportanttopresentadifferentandmoreaccurate versionofWebertopresent-daysocialscientists. Weber wrote before, during, and immediately after the cataclysm of WorldWar I. He livedmost of his life inwhat we havecome to viewin 1