Goettner Abendroth DD hardcover:NealArthur.qxd 2/24/2012 3:32 PM Page 1 P E T E R L A N G G This book presents the results of Heide Goettner-Abendroth’s pioneering research o e in the field of modern matriarchal studies, based on a new definition of “matri- t t n archy” as true gender-egalitarian societies. Accordingly, matriarchal societies e should not be regarded as mirror images of patriarchal ones, as they have never r - A needed patriarchy’s hierarchical structures of domination. On the contrary, matri- b archal patterns are socially egalitarian, economically balanced, and politically e n based on consensus decisions. They have been created by women and are d founded on maternal values. This new perspective on matriarchal societies is devel- ro t oped step by step by the analysis of extant indigenous cultures in Asia, Africa, and h the Americas. “For decades, Heide Goettner-Abendroth has been a serious scholar of the deep history and ongoing traditions of matriarchy in Europe. Her extensive research has taken her through strong historical matriarchies on several continents, drawing Matriarchal together the research of the most modern international scholars on matriarchy. Her book now brings to undeniable light the matriarchal alternatives available to human- M ity. Goettner-Abendroth should be on the reading list of every women’s studies a t program.”—Barbara Alice Mann, Ohio Bear Clan Seneca, Assistant Professor in r ia Societies the Honors College of the University of Toledo, and Co-Director of the Native Amer- r c ican Alliance of Ohio h a “If in the millenium of women, future generations look back to find the origin of l S their peaceful societies, they will find that the work of Heide Goettner-Abendroth o STUDIES ON INDIGENOUS CULTURES opened the way. Modern matriarchal studies break through patriarchal capitalist c ideology and provide the new/old models for viable ways of life of which our pre- ie ACROSS THE GLOBE t sent globalizing market is only a destructive abberation.”—Genevieve Vaughan, ie Author of For-Giving: A Feminist Criticism of Exchange andWomen and the Gift s Economy: A Radically Different Worldview Is Possible, and Founder of Interna- tional Feminists for a Gift Economy HEIDE GOETTNER-ABENDROTH is a German philosopher and researcher of culture and society who is focused on matriarchal studies. She taught at the University of Munich and was visiting professor at the University of Montreal, Canada and the University of Innsbruck, Austria. She organized and guided two World Con- gresses on Matriarchal Studies in 2003 and 2005. She was nomitnated as one of the “1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize” in 2005. P E T E R L HEIDE GOETTNER-ABENDROTH A N G www.peterlang.com Goettner Abendroth DD hardcover:NealArthur.qxd 2/24/2012 3:32 PM Page 1 P E T E R L A N G G This book presents the results of Heide Goettner-Abendroth’s pioneering research o e in the field of modern matriarchal studies, based on a new definition of “matri- t t n archy” as true gender-egalitarian societies. Accordingly, matriarchal societies e should not be regarded as mirror images of patriarchal ones, as they have never r - A needed patriarchy’s hierarchical structures of domination. On the contrary, matri- b archal patterns are socially egalitarian, economically balanced, and politically e n based on consensus decisions. They have been created by women and are d founded on maternal values. This new perspective on matriarchal societies is devel- ro t oped step by step by the analysis of extant indigenous cultures in Asia, Africa, and h the Americas. “For decades, Heide Goettner-Abendroth has been a serious scholar of the deep history and ongoing traditions of matriarchy in Europe. Her extensive research has taken her through strong historical matriarchies on several continents, drawing Matriarchal together the research of the most modern international scholars on matriarchy. Her book now brings to undeniable light the matriarchal alternatives available to human- M ity. Goettner-Abendroth should be on the reading list of every women’s studies a t program.”—Barbara Alice Mann, Ohio Bear Clan Seneca, Assistant Professor in r ia Societies the Honors College of the University of Toledo, and Co-Director of the Native Amer- r c ican Alliance of Ohio h a “If in the millenium of women, future generations look back to find the origin of l S their peaceful societies, they will find that the work of Heide Goettner-Abendroth o STUDIES ON INDIGENOUS CULTURES opened the way. Modern matriarchal studies break through patriarchal capitalist c ideology and provide the new/old models for viable ways of life of which our pre- ie ACROSS THE GLOBE t sent globalizing market is only a destructive abberation.”—Genevieve Vaughan, ie Author of For-Giving: A Feminist Criticism of Exchange andWomen and the Gift s Economy: A Radically Different Worldview Is Possible, and Founder of Interna- tional Feminists for a Gift Economy HEIDE GOETTNER-ABENDROTH is a German philosopher and researcher of culture and society who is focused on matriarchal studies. She taught at the University of Munich and was visiting professor at the University of Montreal, Canada and the University of Innsbruck, Austria. She organized and guided two World Con- gresses on Matriarchal Studies in 2003 and 2005. She was nomitnated as one of the “1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize” in 2005. P E T E R L HEIDE GOETTNER-ABENDROTH A N G www.peterlang.com Matriarchal Societies ADVANCE PRAISE FOR “With the publication of this important book, Heide Goettner-Abendroth’s brilliant critical conceptualization of the deep structures shared by matriarchal societies around the world becomes fully available in English. Her theory has developed, not abstractly but inductively, from the analytical investigation of numerous societies by non-indigenous and indigenous researchers. It provides the basis for a full-fledged interdisciplinary and cross-cultural field of matriarchal studies where previously only isolated studies were possible. Matriarchal studies is a deeply political and liberatory field grounded in an understanding that the destructive patriarchal power structures pervasive today are a historically recent develop- ment. Scholars of matriarchy, some of whom are members of matriarchal societies, are uncovering and reclaiming cultures created mainly by women. Their research offers support for indigenous peoples’ struggles on every continent for land and cultural rights and brings hope to us all that we can build a better world.”—Angela Miles, Professor of Adult Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Canada “Heide Goettner-Abendroth has devoted her life to the study of matriarchal societies and the development of modern matriarchal studies. Her monumental work is presented in this book. As a Western feminist and peace activist this knowledge has transformed almost every facet of my thinking, theorizing, and activism as well as my daily life. My work on, motherhood, sexuality, racism, and above all peace and peace building has been significantly altered by Goettner- Abendroth’s scholarship. I believe her work offers Western feminists and other progressive scholars as well as social change activists a new, innovative vision of an alternative society—a society of peace and balance, insightful ways to heal the many harms Western civilization brought about, and groundbreaking passages of doing politics, peace building, and conflict resolution.” —Erella Shadmi, Isha L’Isha feminist center, Israel, and former Head of Women’s Studies Program, Beit Berl College, Israel “In an ideal world this ground-breaking study would already be required reading in most disciplines from women’s and native studies to anthropology and, most importantly, economics, political science, and religious studies. I predict, however, that in this era of urgent survival studies following the moral, financial, ecological, and climate crises, Heide Goettner-Abendroth’s vital findings regarding past and present matriarchal gift economies and societies will finally be embraced. The English translation of this part of Dr. Goettner-Abendroth’s life work has been long overdue; the work—her magnum opus—is likely to become a classic among all those scholars who have the courage and ethics needed to resist the ethno- and androcentric legacy of white patriarchal Western science. No ‘paradigm shift’ parallels that which replaces the master discourses that have wreaked havoc on women, non-human species and other colonized objects of capitalist patriarchy. Goettner-Abendroth brings us the factual knowledge that allows us to adopt a radically alternative worldview, beyond establishment claims that matriarchies are reversals of patriarchies or never existed. This book establishes that academic colonialism not only blocks the truth, academic freedom and sustainability, but must now be stopped in the name of the planet’s survival.”—Kaarina Kailo, Assistant Professor (Docent), Oulu University, Finland, and former Professor of Women’s Studies and Director of Simone de Beauvoir Institute, Canada “Heide Goettner-Abendroth is one of the most insightful and important social thinkers of our time. With this long-awaited translation of her German work on matriarchy, she brings her penetrating understanding and synthetic analysis of ‘mother-centered’ and ‘mother-origin’ societies to the entire English-speaking world. There is no more articulate theorist about the true nature of such societies, no more thorough, respectful, and appreciative cataloguer of them. Dispelling stereotypes and misunderstandings about matriarchy, she unveils the riches of an ‘alternative’ social structure beneficial to humanity that has been with us for millennia and continues to function in many pockets around the globe. Hers is a work of tremendous scholarly activism. By showing us that peaceful ecological living based on mothering values is possible, and that warfare and economic imbalance are not natural and ‘given’ human conditions, her vision offers great hope for the future.”—Marguerite Rigoglioso, Dominican University and the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, California, and Author of The Cult of Divine Birth in Ancient Greece and Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity “Heide Goettner-Abendroth is one of the very few scholars who has delved into the wider meaning of the word ‘matriarchy’ as it is meant to be understood and not as a mirror-image of patriarchy. She has been unwavering in her commitment to enquire deeper into the social arrangements of matriarchal societies across the globe. This enquiry is critical in the twenty-first century if we have to reverse the rapid pace at which world economic, political, and financial systems, based largely on the patriarchal model, are collapsing one by one. This scholarship is one of a kind! Seeing the world through the eyes of matriarchy requires adjusting the mind’s lenses and discarding past prejudices. Goettner-Abendroth has used all the scientific tools for intellectual and social enquiry even as she argues cogently about how matriarchies were relegated to a position of insignificance and how this egalitarian social system needs to reclaim itself from the hands of those who use patriarchy to promote an unsustainable global system.”—Patricia Mukhim, Journalist and Editor of The Shillong Times, Shillong, India, and Director of the Indigenous Women’s Resource Center at Shillong, Meghalaya, India Matriarchal Societies PETER LANG New York (cid:121) Washington, D.C./Baltimore (cid:121) Bern Frankfurt (cid:121) Berlin (cid:121) Brussels (cid:121) Vienna (cid:121) Oxford Heide Goettner-Abendroth Matriarchal Societies Studies on Indigenous Cultures Across the Globe PETER LANG New York (cid:121) Washington, D.C./Baltimore (cid:121) Bern Frankfurt (cid:121) Berlin (cid:121) Brussels (cid:121) Vienna (cid:121) Oxford Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Göttner-Abendroth, Heide. Matriarchal societies: studies on indigenous cultures across the globe / Heide Goettner-Abendroth. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Matriarchy—Cross-cultural studies. 2. Women—Social conditions— Cross-cultural studies. I. Title. GN479.5.G667 306—dc23 2011028994 ISBN 978-1-4331-1337-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4539-0807-5 (e-book) Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the “Deutsche Nationalbibliografie”; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de/. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council of Library Resources. © 2012 Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., New York 29 Broadway, 18th floor, New York, NY 10006 www.peterlang.com All rights reserved. Reprint or reproduction, even partially, in all forms such as microfilm, xerography, microfiche, microcard, and offset strictly prohibited. Printed in Germany 0_Goettner_Abendroth Dedication_t5 1/6/2012 4:43 PM Page v This book is dedicated primarily to the matriarchal peoples from whom I was privileged to learn. Without their wisdom, it could not have been accomplished. It is also dedicated to all the matriarchal peoples that I have not named here; there are many more of them. And it is dedicated to all the peoples who still practice certain matriarchal ways—of this there are innumerable examples throughout the world. May all of them come to light in the course of future Matriarchal Studies! 0_Goettner_Abendroth Dedication_t5 1/6/2012 4:43 PM Page vi