MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A VOLUME 176, NUMBERS 1-2, MARCH 31, 1994 Contents Se. 6b ahh ah ao GS eee tae ne BRR: POR Se eae oa a ence ac ya ae ee. a eee Vill ED g-'9 5S oh 10 OM oa 4 er eae @ orale ke ee hte aie pa AS aed ae Carat eed all ix I a's: a0 6 eka th ae ae OR Woe ee ak ae ee eae Wabi’ oe bs Slee aes x ee a SN Se ae ee ee awe ee ee ee eae ae Od a eas ee eee xl I, iis ito g Mek ihe aig: Ai grew ob Ot kw WS SA OA a le a eee I cee xii Fundamentals of fracture: a 1993 prologue, and other comments... 0. tt te ee ewe ee ee eee eee | R. Thomson (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) eens GOS OR URE A IIOIOI , ge ee aR RO we we Ree eee eee ees 9 P. Neumann (Diisseldorf, Germany) a ig ae a ee ee bea RS ee etek ede hae OW 19 M. Aoki and D. G. Pettifor (Oxford, UK) ee GECE Ge SURINDER ON CRE II. cick ke te eee wee ewe Hee wee ew eee 25 P. M. Duxbury, S. G. Kim (East Lansing, MI, USA) and P. L. Leath (Piscataway, NJ, USA) I 5 a a a a ai ae ge i om Wea gt ea le ee Oa 33 J.S. Langer (Santa Barbara, CA, USA) and H. Nakanishi (Yokohama, Japan) The impact of grain boundary character distribution upon fracture in polycrystals... 2... 2. ee ee 39 T. Watanabe (Sendai, Japan) Fracture of silicon nitride and silicon carbide at elevated temperatures... 1... 1 ee ee 51 S. M. Wiederhorn, B. A. Fields and B. J. Hockey (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) ne ae Ale ew 6 Oa 6 Oe Ww kb) R Ss © ER eee ee eee 61 T. Mura (Evanston, IL, USA) 5g ho pee ik ee! ple 4 a ee ee eR ee ee ee eee een 71 H. Vehoff (Diisseldorf, Germany) Sr OO cg cs ae se oe ee ee eee Oe ORES ES eee Ow EES COD 79 A. S. Argon, R. E. Cohen (Cambridge, MA, USA) and T. M. Mower (Lexington, MA, USA) Dislocation activity and brittle-ductile transitons in single crystals . 2. 6... 91 S. G. Roberts, A. S. Booth and P. B. Hirsch (Oxford, UK) Dislocation loops at crack tips: control and analysis of sources in silicon... 1. 6 1 ee 99 G. Michot, M. A. Loyola de Oliveira and A. George (Paris, France) Experimental study of the mechanisms of brittle-to-ductile transition of cleavage fracture in Si single crystals... ........ 111 K. J. Hsia (Urbana, IL, USA) and A. S. Argon (Cambridge, MA, USA) Brittle-to-ductile transition studied by constant-rate indentation cracking. . . 2... 6 6 ee ee 121 K. Maeda, H. Nishioka, N. Narita and S. Fujita (Tokyo, Japan) Dislocation-free zone model of mode III fracture: the effect of crack bluntness .......0.2.8. .ee .ee.e e.e e ee 127 S.-T. Shiue (Taichung, Taiwan) and S. Lee (Hsinchu, Taiwan) Asymptotic dislocation density fields for cracks in an elastic, perfectly plastic solid... 2. 2... ee ee 131 J. Weertman (Evanston, IL, USA) Analysis of crack-dislocation interaction: crack closure, crack opening. . . 1. 6 6 ee 139 M. A. Loyola de Oliveira and G. Michot (Nancy, France) CONTENTS (continued ) Effect of dislocation activities on crack extension intomic crystals: .. 0... cc eee eee ere errr nee er eeses 147 K. Higashida, N. Narita and K. Matsunaga (Kyoto, Japan) Modelling of dislocation mobility controlled brittle-to-ductile transition . 2... 6. ee ee 155 V. R. Nitzsche and K. J. Hsia (Urbana, IL, USA) The experimental verification of the shielding effect in zirconia... . 2... 2s eee errr creer rere ere seense 165 Y. Kogo (Kanagawa, Japan), Y. Kagawa (Tokyo, Japan) and H. Hatta (Kanagawa, Japan) Brittle fracture initiation in low carbon steels at ductile-brittle transition temperature region. . . 2... 2 ee ee 171 M. Koida, A. Kikuchi, T. Yagi and M. Nagumo (Tokyo, Japan) ERE Ee ee ee ee ae ee 177 H. O. K. Kirchner (Orsay, France) and G. Michot (Nancy, France) Influence of the magnesium concentration on the relationship between fracture mechanism and strain rate in high purity Al-Mg es eh ee ee a en 6 gb ee WW le eS No ee Whe ree 8 ee ee ee 18] T. Mukai, K. Higashi and S. Tanimura (Osaka, Japan) Hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity—a mechanism for hydrogen-related fracture. . 2... 6 1. ee 19] H. K. Birnbaum and P. Sofronis (Urbana, IL, USA) Crack-impurity interactions and their role in the embrittlement of Fe alloy crystals charged with lightelements. ......... 203 N. Narita, T. Shiga, K. and Higashida (Kyoto, Japan) Satay SUNOS WD GENS GOVEIOENEM OL SITESS COFTOSION CFACKS 20 wtte tt te ewe ee e eee eee enens 211 R. H. Jones and E. P. Simonen (Richland, WA, USA) Eevercumnemen: Gtreces OF Crace Gp processes at Me atomiclovel. . . 0... et eee rere wee ee enee 219 R. G. Hoagland and Y. Liu (Pullman, WA, USA) Chemical environment effect on indentation-induced fracture of silicon... 2... ee 225 K. Masuda-Jindo (Yokohama, Japan) and K. Maeda (Tokyo, Japan) Acoustic emission associated with the fracture of Al and Al alloy embrittled by liquid gallium ..............204. 231 Y. Kodama, P. K. Choi, H. Koizumi and S. Hyodo (Kawasaki, Japan) EN Ey BR a 237 S. Sagat (Chalk River, Ont., Canada), S. Q. Shi and M. P. Puls (Pinawa, Man., Canada) i be es ae be he eee eek eee ee es 249 K. Kitajima (Yamaguchi, Japan) Atomic theory of fracture of crystalline materials: cleavage and dislocation emission criteria... ..........2.8808. 255 K. Masuda-Jindo (Yokohama, Japan), S. J. Zhou (St. Louis, MO, USA), R. Thomson (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and A. E. Carlsson (St. Louis, MO, USA) Molecular dynamics study of crack processes associated with dislocation nucleated atthetip. .. 2... .....28.805 u . 263 H. Kitagawa, A. Nakatani and Y. Shibutani (Osaka, Japan) Atomistic consideration and computer simulation of the initiation and the process of crack propagation. ............ 271 K. Nishioka, J. Tajima, Y. Adachi (Tokushima, Japan), T. Takai (Takamatsu, Japan) and Y. Arimitsu (Matsuyama, Japan) Simulation of plastic deformation and fracture of small crystals... 2... 277 M. Doyama (Yamanashi, Japan) Computer experiments of fracture of two-dimensional Henley-Elser type quasicrystals ... 2.0e.ee .ee. ee 283 Y. Sasajima, H. Tanaka, H. Itaba, K. Maekawa and S. Ozawa (Hitachi, Japan) eeae ne a 289 M. Enoki, Y. Utoh and T. Kishi (Tokyo, Japan) EE EEE Ce Se er ee a arr 295 Y. H. Taguchi (Tokyo, Japan) EE Ee ee er ae ee ee 299 C. W. Lung (Shenyang, China) Energetics and model simulation of impact fracture of brittle solids... 2... 2. ee 303 S. Shimamura (Ube, Japan) Theory of non-isothermal crack propagation in plastic and viscous-plastic materials... . 2... 2 ee ee ee 309 I. L. Maksimov, N. G. Golubeva, G. M. Maksimova, V. S. Metrikin, V. N. Smirnova and J. V. Svirina (Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation) CONTENTS (continued ) I ek ra kh sg kk a ee ae do oe ale ee eee Roe ew Be cw ee 317 H. Nakanishi and J. S. Langer (Yokohama, Japan) Thermomechanical fracture instabilities in the current-carrying state of conducting media... ..............00.% 321 I. L. Maksimov and J. V. Svirina (Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation) SUSETEROS COMING SOG POMISIRINED UD CROIIIIINT CURIE oases. Hee ewe RA ee ee ee 329 K. T. Aust (Toronto, Ont., Canada), U. Erb (Kingston, Ont., Canada) and G. Palumbo (Toronto, Ont., Canada) General solution of screw dislocations near am WiterfncigiCrACR. 6 Bw ttt ttt tte et whe eee et te ea 335 S. Lee (Hsinchu, Taiwan) Grain boundary structure, energy and strengthinmolybdenum. .........0+ .eee. e.ee .ee.e e2ee .ee ns 341 S. Tsurekawa, T. Tanaka and H. Yoshinaga (Kasuga Fukuoka, Japan) Modeling of thermal cycling creep damage of short fiber metal matrix composites ..........0.00.0.2 2e. ee e 349 M. L. Dunn and M. Taya (Seattle, WA, USA) Crack-fiber interaction and interfacial failure models in fiber-reinforced ceramics ........00.00.4 .ee0e .ee e 357 K. Goto and Y. Kagawa (Tokyo, Japan) Role of chromium in the intergranular fracture of high purity Fe-P-Cr alloys with small amounts of carbon... ......... 363 C. Liu, K. Abiko and M. Tanino (Sendai, Japan) Estimation of fracture resistance of Al,O, polycrystals from single-crystal values... 2... 0 ee ee 371 B. N. Kim and T. Kishi (Tokyo, Japan) Quantitative analysis of closure stress—crack separation curve in grain bridge toughening of polycrystalline ceramics.. .. ... . 379 Y. Kagawa (Tokyo, Japan) Significance of fracture facet size in cleavage fracture process of welded joints... . 1... 2. 385 T. Ishikawa and T. Haze (Oita, Japan) Effect of dislocation substructure of crack tip on near fatigue threshold in dual-phase steels . 2... ........2228.8. 4 393 Y. S. Zheng, Z. G. Wang and S. H. Ai (Shenyang, China) Phenomenological aspects of fatigue life and fatigue crack initiation in high strength alloys at cryogenic temperature... ... . 397 O. Umezawa and K. Ishikawa (Ibaraki, Japan) Atomic force microscopy observations of iron-sapphire fracture surfaces .. 2. 1 1. ee 405 M. A. Smith, J. Y. Josefowicz and D. P. Pope (Philadelphia, PA, USA) Nanometer-scale observations of metallic glass fracture surfaces .. 1... 1 1 we ee ee 411 Y. Watanabe, Y. Nakamura (Kanagawa, Japan), J. T. Dickinson, D. M. Kulawansa and S. C. Langford (Pullman, PA, USA) ee I ee Ce Sg ck be 6 0 e808 8 4 Oe Oe eee ee ee ee 417 H. Koizumi (Kanagawa, Japan), S. Katakura and T. Suzuki (Tokyo, Japan) Observation of fracture features in fused quartz with laser-induced internal flaws. . 2. 6 6. ee ee 421 Y. Z. Li, M. P. Harmer and Y. T. Chou (Bethlehem, PA, USA) ee NG OE Ue OI gg oe eo 0h 6 Oe a 8 ee Re aA Ow ee we Oe ew 425 A. Kimura, A. Koya, T. Morimura and T. Misawa (Muroran, Japan) Crack-tip dislocations and fracture behavior in Ni;Al and Ni,Si. . 2. 6 6 6 ee ee 431 M. H. Yoo, C. L. Fu and J. A. Horton (Oak Ridge, TN, USA) Dynamic grain growth and ductility enhancement at intermediate temperature... 2. 2 2. ee 439 L. C. Lim and H. H. Lu (Singapore, Singapore) High-temperature deformation and cavitation in fine-grained alumina... 2. 6 6 6 ee 447 Y. Yoshizawa and T. Sakuma (Tokyo, Japan) Toughening mechanisms in the high temperature fracture of high purity alumina... 2... 2 ee ee ee ee ee 455 T. J. Marrow and S. G. Roberts (Oxford, UK) Experimental investigation of cavitation fracture at very high strain rates in superplastic aluminium alloy matrix composites... 461 K. Higashi (Osaka, Japan) and M. Mabuchi (Nagoya, Japan) Singular stresses of glass fibre reinforced plastics with a broken layer at low temperatures . . . 2. 2 ee 471 S. Ueda (Shizuoka, Japan) and Y. Shindo (Sendai, Japan) 483