WEED MANAGEMENT IN LATE KHARIF CLUSTER BEAN [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MMaasstteerr ooff SScciieennccee (AGRICULTURE) IN AAGGRROONNOOMMYY BY PPIIYYUUSSHH KKUUMMAARR SSAARRAASS B. Sc. (Agri.) DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND- 388 110, GUJARAT 2014 Reg. No. 04-1914-2012 "WEED MANAGEMENT IN LATE KHARIF CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS” Name of Student: Guide: Piyush Kumar Saras Dr. B. D. Patel DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, GUJARAT -388 110 ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of the year 2013-14 at the farm of DWSR-Anand Centre, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) to study “Weed management in late kharif cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) under middle Gujarat conditions”. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture, medium in available nitrogen (342.0 kg ha-1) and in available phosphorus (48.0 kg ha-1) and high in potassium (298.0 kg ha-1) with slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.8). The ten weed management treatments viz., pendimethalin @ 750 g ha-1 PE, pendimethalin @ 750 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS, imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1 PE, imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS, propaquizafop @ 75 g ha-1 POE, propaquizafop @ 75 g ha-1 POE fb HW at 30 DAS, pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE, pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS, IC fb HW at 20 & 40 DAS and weedy check were studied in randomized block design with four replications. ……………………………………………………………………………….Abstract At 25 DAS, significantly lower weed population and dry weight of monocot weeds were recorded in interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS which was followed by the application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS, pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE and imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS. Population and dry weight of dicot weeds recorded at 25 DAS were significantly lower in the treatment of interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS which was followed by the application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS, pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE, imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS and imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1PE. At 50 DAS, interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS recorded significantly less monocot weed counts. Significantly the lowest weed dry weight of monocot weeds were recorded under same treatment which was at par with the application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS, imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS and propaquizafop @ 75 g ha-1 POE fb HW at 30 DAS. Significantly the lower weeds count and dry weight of dicot weeds were recorded under the treatment of interculturing fb hand weeding carried out 20 and 40 DAS. Significantly the lowest dry weight of weeds was recorded in interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS. Dry weight of total weeds recorded at harvest was significantly lower in same treatment. Maximum weed control efficiency was recorded at 25 ii ……………………………………………………………………………….Abstract and 50 DAS and at harvest in interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 and 40 DAS. Interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS recorded significantly maximum plant height at 60 DAS and at harvest. At 30 DAS maximum plant height recorded in weedy check. The treatment of interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS recorded significantly higher dry weight of Rhizobium nodule plant-1, no. of branches plant-1, no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1, length of pod, test weight, seed and stover yieldwhich remained at par with the application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1PE fb HW at 30 DAS. The protein content was higher under the treatment of interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS which remained at par with application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1PE fb HW at 30 DAS. The benefit cost ratio was found higher under the treatment of interculturing fb HW carried out at 20 & 40 DAS followed by application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha- 1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS, pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 PE, pendimethalin @ 750 g ha-1 PE and pendimethalin @ 750 g ha-1 PE fb HW at 30 DAS as compare to weedy check. For effective control of weeds and for securing maximum seed yield of cluster bean as well as economic return, interculturing fb hand weeding carried out at 20 and 40 DAS or pre emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mixed) @ 800 g ha-1 fb HW at 30 DAS is better. iii Dr. B. D. Patel Agronomist DWSR-Anand Centre B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University Anand-388110 CERTIFICATE This is certifying that the thesis entitled “WEED MANAGEMENT IN LATE KHARIF CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS” submitted by PIYUSH KUMAR SARAS. Reg. No. 04-1914-2012 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE) in AGRONOMY of the Anand Agricultural University is a record of bonafide research work carried out by him under my personal guidance and supervision. The thesis has not previously formed the basis for award of any degree, diploma or other similar title. Place: Anand (B. D. PATEL) Date: /07/2014 Guide DDEECCLLAARRAATTIIOONN This is to certify that whole of the research work reported in the thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Science (Agriculture) in the subject of Agronomy is the result of investigation done by undersigned under the direct guidance and supervision of Dr. B. D. Patel, Agronomist, DWSR-Anand Centre, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 and no part of the research work has been submitted for any other degree so far. Place: Anand Date: /07/2014 (Piyush Kumar Saras) Counter signed by (B. D. Patel) Agronomist DWSR-Anand Centre, B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 CCEETTIIFFIICCAATTEE This is to certify that I have no objection for supplying to any scientist one copy of any part of this thesis for rendering reference service in a library of documentation centre Place: Anand Date: /07/2014 (Piyush Kumar Saras) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This memorable occasion provides me a unique privilege to express my sincere and deepest sense of gratitude and respect to my Guide Dr. B. D. Patel, Agronomist, DWSR-Anand Centre, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand for his judicial supervision, and precious guidance during whole tenure of the investigation. His truly scientist intuition has made him as a constant oasisof ideas and passions in science, which exceptionally inspire and enrich my growth as a student and a researcher. I am equally indebted and express my sincere and profound thanks to my member of advisory committee, Dr.R. B. Patel (Co-Guide), Professor,Deptt. of Agril. Chemistry and Soil Science; Dr. V. J. Patel(Member), Associate Professor (Agron) Seth M. C. College in Poly technique, AAU, Anand; Dr. V. B. Darji (Member), Associate Professor, Deptt. of Agril. Statistics, College of AIT, AAU, Anand for their useful suggestion and constant attention, valuable suggestion and help throughout the period of investigation. I acknowledge with thanks for the facilities provided by Dr. A. M. Shekh, Vice Chancellor, AAU, Anand; Dr. K. B. Kathiriya, Director of Research and Dean P. G. Studies, AAU, Anand;Dr. K. P. Patel,Principal, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand;Dr. M. V. Patel, Professor and Head, Department of Agronomy, BACA, AAU, Anand and all the staff members of academic branch and centrallibrary for their ever willing co-operation, encouragement. I place my sincere gratitude toDr. M. R. Patel, Dr. B. T. Sheta and Sri. M. I. Meisuriya for their ardent generosity to provide valuable suggestions and encouragement during research work. I am equally thankful to Sri Urmish J. Upadhay, Dept of Agril. Statistics, BACA, AAU, Anand for his kind help in the statistical analysis of the experimental data of my experiment. At these precious moments, I express my special thanks to YusufbhaiFarm Assistant, R. G. Waghela Farm Assistant, Rameshbhai, Vinubhai, Parmarbhai and all other staffs and laborers of the farm of DWSR-Anand Centre and Department of Agronomy, BACA, AAU, Anand for their kind cooperation during the course of study and research work. I owe sincere thanks to my seniors Joysmita Das, Rajaram, Sagar Kadu, Devanda, Mahipal Chaudhary and Damaram who provide every kinds of guidance for problem work and also for thesis preparation. I extend special thanks to my friend Sejal for providing me constant encouragement, support during the research work and thesis preparation and warmer affections has been the best guiding path of my questioned life. Though a thanks is taboo in friendship, my conscience does not permit to refrain myself from expressing my heartfelt feelings towardsmyfriends Madhav, Ritesh, Tikam, Dilkhush, Devendra, Nehal, Netajit, Lenny, Dhruv, Chirag and Mayur for their help, exuberant nature and being my morale boosters whose meticulous support infused in melot of strength althroughout. Words are quite inadequate to express my gratitude and indebtedness to my family for their sacrifices, understanding and support. I particularly express my larger debt and devotion to my father Sri. Rambabu SarasmotherSmt. Neelam Saras younger brotherAyush Saras (Little)and sisterRenu Saras for the inspiration which enabled me to complete this long cherished work. Place: Anand Dated: /07/2014 (Piyush Kumar Saras) CONTENT CONTENT Chapter Page Title No. No. I. INTRODUCTION 1-4 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5-17 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 18-37 IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 38-71 V. DISCUSSION 72-88 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 89-94 BIBLIOGRAPHY i-vii APPENDICES I i-iii APPENDICES II iv-v