California State University, East Bay Department of Public Affairs and Administration Five Year Program Review and Plan for Master in Public Administration (MPA) 2009-2013 Self Study and 5-Year Plan approved by faculty on: December 16, 2013; 4 yes, 0 no, 0 abstentions Self-Study and 5-Year Plan submitted to CAPR and the External Reviewer on: December 16, 2013 External Reviewer Report received by the program on: April 17, 2014 Program’s Response to External Reviewer’s Report completed on: May 19, 2014 Complete 5-Year Program Review Report submitted to CAPR on: May 19, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Summary……………………...……………………….…..…………….…… Page 2 2. Self-Study 2.1. Summary of previous review and plan…………..…………………… Page 7 2.2. Curriculum and student learning……………………………………… Page 7 2.3. Student, Advising and Retention…………………………...………… Page 15 2.4. Faculty…………………………………………………………………… Page 17 2.5. Resources…………………………………………………………….… Page 18 2.6. Unit Requirements………………………………………..…………… Page 19 3. Plan…………………………………………………………………………... Page 19 3.1. Curriculum……………………………………………….……..……… Page 19 3.2. Students………………………………………………….….………… Page 20 3.3. Faculty……………………………………………………….………… Page 21 3.4. Resources…………………………………..………………………… Page 22 4. Outside Review’s Report………………………………………...………… Page 23 5. Program’s Response……………………...…………………..………..… Page 34 6. Appendices Appendix A: Degree completion roadmap …………………….....………… Page 39 Appendix B: Course descriptions ……………………...…..………………… Page 46 Appendix C: SFSU MPA program requirements ……….….….…………… Page 52 Appendix D: Hybrid course policy …………………………....……………… Page 56 Appendix E: Curriculum map ……………………..……….…….…………… Page 59 Appendix F: PUAD 6901 exam and rubrics …..……...……….…………… Page 62 Appendix G: Student Demographics, Faculty, Academic Allocation, Headcount, and Course Data …..…...………………..…..……..……… Page 78 Appendix H: Tenure-Track Request (Interpretive/Critical Theory) ………… Page 83 Appendix I: Tenure-Track Request (Public Budgeting/Finance) ………… Page 92 Appendix J: MPA Exit Survey 2009 ……………………………………… . Page 102 Department of Public Affairs and Administration Master of Public Administration (MPA) 1. SUMMARY The Master of Public Administration (MPA) is one of two graduate degree programs housed in the Department of Public Affairs and Administration (PUAD). In addition to the MPA, PUAD offers a Master of Science in Health Care Administration (MS-HCA). The five-year review of the MS-HCA program was submitted to CAPR in AY 2012-13. This review thus only addresses the five-year review of the MPA program. The review follows the CAPR requirements for academic program review without external accreditation. The MPA program serves the Bay Area’s demand for higher education to meet the economy’s need for a highly educated workforce, specifically the need for effective public administrators and dedicated public servants. In the MPA program, students are prepared to apply their education to the meaningful lifework of public service. Through the program’s emphasis on interpretive and critical theory perspectives in administrative theory, social justice, and administrative ethics, graduates are prepared to be socially responsible contributors to society, think critically and creatively, communicate clearly and persuasively while listening to others, promote equity and social justice, and work collaboratively and respectively with individuals from diverse backgrounds. The process of developing the MPA mission statement is and has been on-going since the inception of the program. The mission statement serves as a dialogic tool for maintaining the vitality of the program and integrating changes in demographics, public service needs, faculty, and theory with the underlying integrity and ethics of the program. In Spring 2013, the faculty adopted the following mission statement: "Public Administration is a rich and challenging multi-disciplinary field drawing from sociology, anthropology, philosophy, psychology, economics, and urban and organizational studies. The MPA program provides students with a grounding in major philosophical and social science thinking about the nature of organizations; it helps students to build the intellectual and practical tools they will need to become effective organizational leaders in the public and non-profit sectors. The MPA program is designed to increase the personal and professional effectiveness of people working in public, voluntary, and private organizations. The purpose of the program is to prepare individuals for leadership positions in various organizations with a sense of commitment to social purpose, the public interest, and effective public problem-solving." At the beginning of the period under review, the MPA program offered three option areas: Public Management and Policy Analysis (PMPA), Management of Human Resources and Change (HR/C) and Health Care Administration (HCA). Previously, the MPA had offered more options, but those options were discontinued by Fall 2009 and the remaining three options were significantly revised. Based on admission and enrollment numbers, the level of student demand, budgetary constraints, and the desire to move to a cohort model of admission and enrollment, in AY 2012-2013 PUAD discontinued the HR/C option. At the same time, the PMPA and HCA options revised again to better meet the needs of students and public administration employers. The program is now offered in a cohort model, with degree completion plans tailored for each entering cohort. This allows us to manage course offerings effectively, offering courses that we know will meet the course capacity required by CLASS, and that the students need for timely degree completion. In Spring 2011, the MPA program partnered with the Alameda County Human Resource Services Department (ACHRSD) and the Alameda County Education and Training Center (ACETC) to help design a workforce development and succession plan for Alameda County public employees. PUAD has been designated by ACHRSD and ACETC as their “educational provider of choice,” and we have partnered with DCIE to offer the MPA program through special sessions at the ACETC for Alameda County public employees. We admit students to the state-side MPA program in the Fall and Spring quarters; for the special-sessions MPA program, we admit students in the Spring quarters only. Demand for the state-side and special-sessions MPA programs is high. Per APGS, the Fall 2013 headcount for the state-side MPA program is 187 students. Per Fall 2013 course roster listings, in the special-sessions MPA program the Fall 2013 headcount is 29 students. Per APGS, for Fall 13 admissions, we received 122 applications for the state-side MPA program, of which 58 were admitted and 49 enrolled (84% of admits). Of the 64 applicants who were not admitted, some did not meet the admissions criteria or declined the offer of admission but many were denied admission because we received more applications from qualified applicants than program capacity allowed. The MPA has a comprehensive assessment plan in place that uses both direct and indirect measures to assess quality. The program has identified five Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) that are tied to the University’s Institutional Learning Outcomes (ILOs) and the University’s mission. In addition, the program has developed a curriculum map that indicates the courses in which the SLOs and ILOs are introduced, practiced, and mastered. All of the SLOs/ILOs are directly assessed in PUAD 6901, which is the Graduate Synthesis Comprehensive Exam, using rubrics that we have developed for each SLO. We “close the loop” at our annual retreats during the Summer quarters by discussing the assessment results and any changes in curriculum and/or department policies that the results indicate would be beneficial to program quality. During the past five years, the Department has experienced a number of significant changes, especially in the area of fulltime faculty, the Department Chair position, and the level of administrative support. At present, there are only three fulltime faculty members in the Department, two with the rank of full Professor and one at the rank of Associate Professor. Only two of the faculty primarily teach in the MPA program; the other primarily teaches in the MS-HCA program. Since 2009, two faculty members have resigned and two have entered the FERP program. Although we have requested them, we have not been granted any additional faculty lines to replace these faculty losses. Professor Toni Fogarty served as Department Chair and MS-HCA Graduate Coordinator Winter 2010 through Summer 2013. When her term ended and she unable to continue in the Chair position due to other obligations, Professor Jay Umeh was unanimously elected by the faculty for the position. Dean Kathleen Rountree supported the appointment, and he was appointed Department Chair in Fall 2013. Previously, Professor Umeh had served as the Department Chair for multiple terms but was forced to resign from his Chair position in Summer 2008 by then-Dean Diedre Badejo. Dean Badejo then appointed an external Interim Chair for a one-year term without consultation with the Department faculty, which destabilized the Department and demoralized the faculty. At the end of that one-year term, Dean Badejo again appointed an external Interim Chair for a one-year term in Fall 2009 without consultation with the PUAD faculty, which further destabilized the Department and its ability to function, but his term ended prematurely when Professor Fogarty was appointed Chair in Winter 2010 as a result of a grievance brought by the majority of the PUAD faculty. Since that appointment, faculty morale and PUAD functioning have improved significantly. The transition from Professor Fogarty to Professor Umeh as Chair has gone smoothly and we don’t anticipate any change in the level of PUAD effectiveness. As part of the staff layoffs in 2009, we lost our one 100% 12/12 ASA II position, which left PUAD with one 75% 10/12 ASC I position to serve both state-side PUAD programs. Even though other Departments in CLASS apparently have had their administrative support reinstated, our ASA II position has not been reinstated, nor has the ASC I position been converted to a 12/12 position. Originally, the ASC I position had been a 100%, 12/12 position but when then-Dean Alden Reimonenq requested us to temporarily reduce the position to a 75% 10/12 position, we agreed to do so in order to assist CLASS with its perceived budget shortfall. Although we have requested that the position be reinstated as a 12/12 appointment and are willing to keep the position at only a 75% time base, the position remains a 10/12 position. With 384 state-side graduate students in the Department (187 in the MPA and 197 in the MS-HCA in Fall 13, per APGS), the one 75% 10/12 ASC I position as the sole source of state-side administrative support is grossly inadequate. Due to the low number of fulltime faculty in the Department, inadequate administrative support, and the loss of release time for the MPA Graduate Coordinator during the entire period under review except for Fall 2013, PUAD has not sought re-accreditation by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA), formerly named the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration. The program does not meet the minimum level of faculty and administrative resources demanded by NASPAA. In addition, we have determined that many public administration programs do not find NASPAA accreditation a compelling goal. Unlike degrees from some other professional graduate programs that require accreditation for access to licensure, the lack of program accreditation does not provide a barrier to entry or success in the field of public administration. The program resources needed to re- establish NASPAA accreditation lead us to question whether the value of accreditation is sufficient to merit the necessary programmatic investments. Needed resources include increasing the MPA faculty by a minimum of three fulltime tenure-track faculty and significantly increasing the level of administrative support. Despite the widely recognized extreme uncertainty of resource availability and allocation even for a short-term time horizon, the PUAD faculty continue to plan for the future. As ever, yet even more so lately, our planning is carried out with modesty rather than certainty and with flexibility rather than rigid resistance. In the next five years, the MPA program will focus on five areas: curriculum, networking, program assessment/improvement, fundraising/grantwriting, and faculty resources. During this period, three primary factors will directly impact the curriculum: annual program learning outcome (PLO) assessment results, knowledge and skill requirements for effective public administrators and managers, and requirement standards of the accreditation agency, NASPAA. These factors will integrate work and output from the program's annual faculty meetings to conduct PLO assessments and resulting implement program improvements, exit surveys administered to our graduating students, review of NASPAA required curriculum content, and input from the MPA Advisory Board. We are also looking to draw on the Department’s involvement in the International City Management Association’s (ICMA) Manager-in-Residence program. The extent of curriculum revision and expansion that can be done in the program will depend upon departmental resources and if reinstating an option or adding a new option will be budget positive, or at least budget neutral. The current PUAD SFR is 26.49, which exceeds the SFR targets in the Academic Affairs Funding Model and is somewhat high for a graduate program, but given the ongoing budgetary constraints it is not unreasonable. Per APR statistics, the student headcount in the program increased every year from 2010 to 2012, which is the last year for which data were provided. We admit students to the limit of program capacity and expect that the headcount in future quarters will remain relatively stable, if there are no changes in program resources. The program has a diverse student body, and PUAD is fortunate that all of the tenure- track faculty members are members of one or more "minority" groups, and that we have a high degree of diversity in our lecturer pool. The total number of PUAD tenure-track faculty in 2012 is four, but only three of those faculty members are fulltime faculty and of those three only two primarily teach in the MPA program. The other fulltime faculty member only teaches in the MS-HCA program and also serves as the MS-HCA Graduate Coordinator. The fourth faculty member is a part-time tenure-track faculty member (33% time base) in PUAD but has not taught in the MPA program during the period under review due to her duties as Chair of the Philosophy Department and her work with CFA. The average class size for our graduate courses has been steadily increasing. In addition, the number of graduate courses taught by tenure-track faculty has been decreasing while the number taught by lecturers has been increasing. While the lecturers in the MPA program are professionals in the public administration field and receive strong student evaluations, having the majority of the courses taught by lectures affects the quality of the program. The current number of tenure-track faculty (four) is half of what it was in 2009 (eight), however our past requests for additional tenure-track positions have not been met. In the next five years, we hope to hire additional tenure- track faculty in the MPA program. The MPA program plans to increase the number of active part-time lecturers in the faculty pool. We currently have 5 part-time lecturers who teach in the program, which is insufficient to cover the number and type of courses we will be offering over the next five years. Additionally, we plan to continue to offer the Self-Support Alameda County MPA program in the coming years. The MPA program is committed to the importance of practical experience, community engagement, and service learning. Over the next five years, we hope to strengthen our current relationships with local, state, federal and non-profit and develop new relationships as a way of creating more internship opportunities for our students. However, developing and maintaining relationships with community partners is labor intensive. To support these efforts, we will seek funding, either through grantwriting or fundraising, to develop internship opportunities for students, particularly students from underrepresented groups. The department has sent a fundraising proposal to the CLASS Dean’s Office to seek funds to develop a Center for Diversity and Inclusion in Public Service/Administration (Center). The Center would seek to develop internship and employment opportunities for students from groups that are underrepresented in the fields of health care and public administration, and could provide students support for resume development, job searches, and strengthening interviewing skills. Other primary resources PUAD needs and plans to pursue are reinstatement of release time for the MPA Graduate Coordinator and reinstatement of the ASA II position for administrative support. These are not new resources the program is requesting; they are resources that the program had that were eliminated. 2. Self-Study 2.1. Summary of Previous Review and Plan The original previous five-year review was prepared and submitted by the Interim Chair appointed by then-Dean Badejo in AY 2008-2009, with limited participation by PUAD faculty and without faculty review and approval of the final self-study and five-year plan. When PUAD faculty were given access to what the Interim Chair had submitted, the faculty asked CAPR for an opportunity to revise and resubmit its five-year review due to what the faculty perceived as an overall incorrect picture of what had occurred in PUAD during the period under review, as well as a shockingly inadequate response to some of the comments included in the external reviewer’s report. CAPR granted the request and a new five-year self-study and plan was prepared and submitted by then-Chair Fogarty, which incorporated input from and had unanimous approval by PUAD faculty. The original external reviewer’s report was a part of the revised review, as well as a new program response to the report. The primary foci in the review concerned NASPAA accreditation, the events that led up to the loss of accreditation, the steps that the MPA program was taking to work towards reaccreditation, and a response to the external reviewer’s report. NASPAA’s concerns with the MPA program revolved around, the need for an additional information management course in the curriculum, the high number of course preparations for faculty per quarter, the quality of advisement, lack of Graduate Coordinator release time, the low number of faculty, the need for a more formalized assessment plan and feedback loop, and the need for more rigorous admissions standards. The five-year review described the progress made in the areas over which PUAD had control, such as the creation of PUAD 4840 (Fundamentals of Information Management in the Public Sector), the discontinuance of two of the five options and the revision of the remaining three, implementation of new student orientation in each admission quarter, revision of admission standards, and the development of SLOs and an assessment plan. In her report, the external reviewer acknowledged “her fear” that she “may have been too harsh and…overlooked some of the MPA program’s strengths.” While PUAD appreciated her acknowledgment and agreed with her assessment of harshness, the primary concern raised in her report was her assertion that one student had reported that “Some instructors appear to trade high grades for high student evaluations of teaching.” In the original review, the Interim Chair had not mentioned nor addressed the assertion. In the revised review, we reported PUAD’s immediate investigation of the assertion, which included meetings with students in both programs, a discussion among faculty and administrative staff regarding the student evaluation process and how it was being implemented, and a follow-up meeting with the external reviewer. Nothing was found that substantiated the statement and the external reviewer stated that the statement may have been the result of anger and frustration over the loss of accreditation since her meetings with the students were held shortly after the announcement regarding accreditation. In the previous five-year review, the MPA program planned to focus on five broad areas – curriculum development/redesign, admission and enrollment management, an accelerated MPA program, community partnership development, and internships for pre-service students. In addition, although nothing was found that substantiated the assertion of inappropriate behavior regarding student evaluations, the MPA program planned to closely monitor the evaluation process. As will be discussed in future sections, the program has made significant progress in these goals, in spite of a reduction in resources. 2.2. Curriculum and Student Learning Curriculum Development/Redesign As discussed in the summary, we have discontinued the HR/C option due to lack of student demand and have significantly redesigned the PMPA and HCA options to better reflect the needs of professionals in the field of public administration as well as employers. As part of the option revisions, an admission-specific degree completion roadmap was developed. Degree completion roadmaps for Fall and Spring cohorts, which indicate which courses are required to complete the MPA degree and the quarter in which they should be completed, can be seen in Appendix A. The degree completion roadmaps have helped us to address the advising issue raised by NASPPAA even though we did not have a MPA Graduate Coordinator with release time during the period under review, with the exception of Fall 2013. Students only need course advising if they are unable to follow the degree completion roadmap, which gives the MPA Graduate Coordinator more time to focus on mentoring, career advisement, and socialization needs. The degree completion roadmaps are covered in the new student orientations, which are conducted at the beginning of each admission quarter. Using the degree completion roadmaps also helps to address the issue of the high number of course preparations for faculty in a given quarter. Since we are generally offering multiple sections of the same course, faculty are frequently able to teach two or three sections of the same course, which significantly reduces course preparation time. The four required courses for each option were revised and the two electives that are required for the degree were limited to courses that are directly related to the option. For the PMPA option, the required four option courses are now: PUAD 6815 (Ethics and Administrative Responsibility), PUAD 6842 (Governmental Budgeting), PUAD 6850 (Human Resource Management), and PUAD 6864 (Managing Public Organizations). For the HCA degree, HCA 6200 (US Health Care System), HCA 6250 (Strategic Management), HCA 6260 (Health Care Policy Analysis), and HCA 6270 (Health Care Management) are now the four required option courses. For the two required electives courses in the PMPA option, students may pick any two courses of the following: PUAD 6782, PUAD 6765, PUAD 6802, PUAD 6809, PUAD 6830, PUAD 6840, PUAD 6864, PUAD 6869, and PUAD 6999. For the two required electives courses in the HCA option, students may pick any two courses of the following: HCA 6210, HCA 6225, HCA 6240, HCA 6275, HCA 6280, and HCA 6290. Although having more variety in the choices students can make for their option courses would be better for the students and the program, the constraints on the number of courses we can offer, the CLASS minimum enrollment requirements, and the lack of faculty resources make this impossible. We believe that the courses we have designated for both options contain the content that is necessary for effective public administrators in the option. In addition, there is significant choice in the elective courses and students are required to complete two elective courses for the degree. A description of all of the courses may be seen in Appendix B. Special-Sessions MPA Program In Spring 2011, the MPA program partnered with the Alameda County Human Resource Services Department (ACHRSD) and the Alameda County Education and Training Center (ACETC) to help design a workforce development and succession plan for Alameda County public employees. PUAD has been designated by ACHRSD and ACETC as their “educational provider of choice,” and we have partnered with DCIE to offer the MPA program through special sessions at the ACETC for Alameda County public employees. The special-sessions MPA program has been very successful and its first cohort of students was graduated in Winter 2013. In the special-sessions MPA program, the Fall 2013 headcount is 29 students. These students are the second cohort of students in the program. The first cohort (57 students) was admitted to the program in Spring 2011and 49 of the students (88%) successfully completed the program in Winter 2013. We are currently evaluating applications for the Spring 14 cohort. Due to classroom space issues at the ACETC, we did not have a Spring 2013 cohort and effective with the Spring 2012 cohort, we limited the cohort size to 30 students. Although our lack of departmental resources may put our decision to move forward with a special-session MPA program into question, we moved forward with the partnership for several reasons. First, working with ACHRSD and ACETC was a good fit with the mission of the program and the University, to develop community partnerships in order to promote education and social responsibility and to prepare students to do meaningful work. Strengthening the relationship with ACHRSD and ACETC also provided benefits for the state-side students in that it created more opportunities for pre-service internships, which was a goal from the previous five-year plan. The relationship also increased employment opportunities for the state-side students with Alameda County. Finally, we saw the funds that would be generated by the special-sessions MPA program as a way to bring in much-needed resources to the department. For example, we have been able to purchase needed equipment and supplies for the department, and have been able to fund small stipends for faculty travel and research. Accelerated MPA Program In the previous five-year review, we planned to design an accelerated MPA program leading to the award of both a bachelor’s degree and the MPA in five years of study. Although our community partners in the special-session MPA program - ACHRSD and ACETC - have expressed a very strong interest in us moving forward with the development of an undergraduate degree that would tie in with a one-year MPA program, the lack of department resources and the University’s moratorium on new undergraduate program development have not allowed us to move forward with this goal. We have tried to work with other Departments within CLASS that have undergraduate degrees that could be a part of a joint project for the accelerated MPA program to be offered to Alameda County employees, but thus far we have not been successful. Now that the moratorium on new undergraduate degrees have been lifted, we may revisit this goal, although the lack of faculty resources make a new