Masculinities Global Issues General Editors: Bruce Kapferer, Professor of Anthropology, James Cook University and john Gledhill, Professor of Anthropology, Manchester University. This series addresses vital social, political and cultural issues confronting human populations throughout the world. The ultimate aim is to enhance understanding - and, it is hoped, thereby dismantle - hegemonic structures which perpetuate prejudice, violence, racism, religious persecution, sexual discrimination and domination, poverty and many other social ills. ISSN: 1354-3644 Previously published books in the series: Michael Herzfeld The Social Production ofIndifference: Exploring the Symbolic Roots of Western Bureaucracy Peter Rigby African Images: Racism and the End ofAnthropology Judith Kapferer Being All Equal: Difference and Australian Cultural Practice Eduardo P. Archetti Guinea-pigs: Food, Symbol and Conflict of Knowledge in Ecuador Denis Duclos The Werewolf Complex: Americas Fascination with Violence Thomas Hylland Eriksen Common Denominators: Ethnicity, Nation-Building and Compromise in Mauritius Masculinities Football, Polo and the Tango in Argentina Eduardo P. Archetti I~ ~~o~;!~n~~:up LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 1999 by Berg Publishers Published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © Eduardo P. Archetti 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN13: 978-1-8597-3261-8 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-1-8597-3266-3 (pbk) Typeset by JS Typesetting, Wellingborough, Northants. For Kristi Anne Contents Acknowledgements 1X Prologue xi Introduction: Frameworks and Perspectives 1 PART I Hybridization 21 CHAPTER ONE 23 Situating Hybridity and Hybrids CHAPTER TWO 46 Male Hybrids in the World of Football CHAPTER THREE 77 Hybridization and Male Hybrids in the World of Polo PART II Masculine Moralities 111 CHAPTER FOUR 113 Locating Masculinities and Moralities CHAPTER FIVE 128 Masculinities and Morality in the Poetics of the Argentinian Tango vii viii Contents CHAPTER SIX 161 Masculine National Virtues and Moralities in Football CHAPTER SEVEN 180 The Masculine Imagery of Freedom: the World of Pibes and Maradona Epilogue 190 Bibliography 194 Index 208 Acknowledgements This book is the product of many years offieldwork, heterogeneous reading, exploration in archives, dialogues and discussions, confer- ences and seminars. Grants from the National Research Councils of Norway and Argentina made possible several months offieldwork in the period 1988 to 1994. I want to thank colleagues at the Depart- ment of Social Anthropology in Oslo for suggestive reflections and critical comments: Marit Melhuus, Signe Howell and Thomas Hylland Eriksen; the late Ladislav Holy, who gave me inspiration through long winter talks during his stay in Oslo in 1995; Gary Armstrong, Richard Giulianotti, Pierre Lanfranchi, Christian Brom- berger, Sergio Leite Lopes, Jeffrey Tobin, Roberto DaMatta, John MacAloon and Patrick Mignon, members of the global minority ofsocial scientists concerned with the complicated relations between modernity, sport and bodily practices; Rosana Guber and Sergio Visacovski, anthropologists from Buenos Aires who, like myself, are striving to understand the puzzling cultural clues of la patria; Beatriz Sarlo, who, at an early stage and perhaps without knowing, convinced me of the relevance of my concerns, and the same must be said of other porteno intellectuals and social scientists: Adrian Gorelik, Juan Carlos Torre, Enrique Oteiza, Carlos Altamirano, Donna Guy, Hugo Vezzetti, Laura Golberg, ElisabethJelin, Hector Palomino, Ariel Scher, Dora Barrancos, Miguel Murmis, Rosalia Cortes, Leopoldo Bartolome, Nestor Lavergne, Pablo Alabarces, Julio Frydenberg, Marcelo Masssarino, Roberto Di Giono and Oscar Teran. I am grateful to many Masters and PhD students from the Department of Anthropology of the University of Oslo, some of whom are now my colleagues, for their good and open-minded ideas. I remember especially the comments of Kjcrsti Larsen, Sidsel Roaldkvam, Marianne Lien, Hans Christian Hognestad, Anne Lescth, Roger Magazine and Sverre Bjerkeset. Many friends have been important during this longjourney. For almost thirty years, the love, knowledge and wide understanding offootball by Luis Boada, my old friend from Paris 1968, economist and ecologist, critical supporter of Barcelona and Flamengo, not ix