ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: EDUCATION MARXIST PERSPECTIVEISN THE SOCIOLOGYO F EDUCATION MARXIST PERSPECTIVESI N THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION MAURICE LEVITAS Volum1e8 6 � ��a�1��n���up LONDON AND NEW YORK Firsptu blishien1d 9 74 This ediftiirposunt b lishien2d 0 12 byR outledge 2 ParkS quarMei,l toPna rkA,b ingdon, Oxon,4 RONX 14 Simultaneopuusbllyi shientd h e USaAn dC anada by Routledge 711T hirAdv enueN,e w YorkN,Y 10017 Routliesd igamenp roiftn hTtea y&l Forra nGcriosau npi ,n forma business © 1974M auricLee vitas Allr ighrtess ervNeod p.a rotf t hibso okm ayb er eprinotrer de produocre d utiliisne da fonrym orb ya nye lectromneicch,a nicoarl ,o thmeera nsn,o w known hoerr eafitnevre ntiendc,l udpihnogt ocopyainndgr ecordionrg ,ia nn y informatisotno raogrer etriesvyaslt ewmi,t hopuetr missiinow nr itifnrgo mt he publishers. TradenmoatrPikrco deu:cotr c orporantaem esm ayb et rademarokrrs e gistered trademaraknsd,a reu sedo nly for identifiecxaptliaonna twaiinotdnh oiuntt ent toi nfringe. BriLtiibsrhCa artya lionPg uubilnigc ation Data A catalogrueec orfodr thibso oki sa vailabfrloem theB ritiLsihb rary ISBN1 3:9 78-0-415-61(5S1e7t-)4 eISBN1 3:9 78-0-203-81(6S1e7t-)2 ISBN1 3:9 78-0-415-50(4V4o1l-u6m 1e8 6) eISBN1 3:9 78-0-203-12(V8o3l1u-2m e1 86) Publisher's Note Thep ublishhaesrg onet og realte ngtthose nsurteh eq ualityt hiorsfe pribnutt pointosu tt hasto mei mperfectiinto hneso rigicnaolp iemsay b ea pparent. Disclaimer Thep ublishhaesr made eevffeorrtyto t racceo pyrihgohltd earnsd w ould welcomceo rrespondencteh ofrstoehm e hya veb eenu nablteo t race. Marxipsetr spievceitsn t he socioloofge yd ucation MauriLceev itas ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL Londoann dB oston Frisptu ibslhien1d 9 74 byR ouetdlg&e K egaPna uLlt d BroadHwoausye 6,8 -C7a4r tLearn e, LondEoCn4 5VE La nd 9P arSkte ret, BostMoans.,s0 210U8SA, Seitn 1 01/p2tT imNeesw R oman anpdr intGerde Bairtni tbayi n JohSnh er&r SaotLntt d StA nnP'rse, Ps asrRko aAdl,t rinCchheasmh,i re WA145 QQ © MaurLiecteva i1s9 47 Nop aroftt hbioso mka y rbpeer oduicne d anfyor mw ithpoeurtm ifsrosmit ohne publiesxhpcetfero r,t hqeu otaotfb irfoi ne passaignce rsi ticism ISBN0 710708 9X6 LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa ClaorgNd o 7.4 -77197 Contents Page Preface Vll 1 Marxiasnmtd h ceu ltcuornec ept 1 2 Socsitarlu cture 10 3 Indusstorciiaaelnt edid eusc ation 24 4 Socmioabli olris toyc rieavlo lution? 41 5 Soccilaalas nsed d ucation 72 6 Famicllya,as nsed d ucation 99 7 Languaangddee privation 123 8 Socioalnosdgc yh ools 159 9 Marxuinsitv ersalism 189 Selbeicbtl iography 199 Index 204 Preafce Atn ot imhea tsh ebreees now idespraenia ndt eirnMe asrtx iassm duritnhigds e caSdoec.i oleovgeirsytwashc ekrneo wilteisdm gpeo r­ tanacneid wt o ubledh artdofi nads ociisaslou fie m portwahnecree Marxtihsotu igishr tr elEedvuacnatit.nsi o oe nx cepItt iinosnp.i res sustaaicnteiidvn ti etayc hoerrgsa'n isianet diuocnast,pi roancatli ce andin politpirceaslsfo urar rea nogfew orkincgl acshsi ldren's interIenas dtdsi.ti itho anps,r ovindeewid n siignhtetods u cation's histaonridyn teod ucational psychology. Thehraebs e ehno,w evneotr h,o roughgoinogfM aaprpxliiscta tion thoutgoth htse o cioolfeo dguyc aTthiiodsne .fi ciiedsnu cieyn p art tot hceh araocfCt oelrl eogfEe dsu cawthieonrt eh iesl emoefn t educattihoenoharalyhs a di tmsa irne asfoorgn r owatnhdi np art toa na ssumptthiawothn ai tos f v aliunMe a rxisimis n corpionr ated theex isltiitnegr ature. Buatn other exipstl haaMntaa rtxiihosantvw see lcosmuepdp ort froms ocioilnto hgdeye bawtiett hhi en telltiegsetanencrdhes a ve negletcoct oeudn stueprp foorrs te lecfrtoimao pnp araelnltIi tie ss . fort hriesa stohnta htme a jtohre oerxipelsio nrt ehbdeo ok tahroes e explasionciminoagbl i laintdty h owshei cdhe rifrvoema r elativist posiitnsi oocni oTlhofegi yir.ns fotr umst htahtee a siiitefos rr w ork­ incgl acshsi ltdora ecnh iheivgseht attuhmseo, r dee mocriatsth iec educastyisotnte hmse;e cownodu pledr suuasod fte h nee etdot ailor educattoifi otcn h ildforrle inv iinnt gh eviarr icooumsm unities. Thetsweco o ncepfrtaumaelw ocrokmste o geitnht ehprer oposition thaetd ucaitpsir oinm aard iilsyt roifbl uictfeho arn icnaes st ratified society. Exploimtoartaeic ocnu rdaetfienlteyhss eo criealla tiuopnosnh ip viil'ir aecfe which trhedesi tvsi soifso onc iienttcyol asTsheees d.u cational implicoaftt ihorinessl atitohnesrheiafoprr,wee h ,ar te qusiorcei o­ logiacnaall yBsuites x.p loitwahteiinto i nsu, n dersbtyot ohde proletiamrpietalhtsac, tl atsoss t rfoirva ec lasssolceisIesntt hya.t efforgto aalrsce r eawtheidc hha vneo thitnodg o w itsho cial climbingc.o nTvheierntyg h eue n iversdaelmiasnfotdris co cial revolwuhteiroeni n eidasun ec sasteipnortnoi caoelfes nsl ightenment anedn ablement. Witthh oirsi enttahtbeio ooankt temfipvtpesu rpotsode se:f ine somkee ayr eiants h seo cioolfeo dguyc attoig oinva;ec cteoss so me importanto fcM oanracxne Edp ntgse tloss t;r ensgotchieon logical starptoiinbngyta s d ditnotg h eamM arxeilsetm etnodt i;s criminate betwreaedni cdailffleydr iernetc itnei douncsa ttoim oanpt; h mea in featuorfae nse ducateinodneaaltv routueowr o rkingl-ocnlga-stse rm objecTthiievn etse.ni ttsih outnsop rovaic doem pabysw sh ipclha ce andd irecitnti hoseno cioolfeo dguyc actaibnoe nd iscovbeyr ed teachers,a npsdat ruednetnst.s Mym antyh anakrdseu teo J oyFciet tfoorhn e cro mmeonntt sh e readaboiffil niatdlry ta sfF.o ra nym istaiknecso,n sisatnedn cies, othfaeurl tosn,lI ay m t ob lame. ML