CASEBOOKSERIES JANEAUSTEN:'NorthangerAbbey'& 'Persuasion' B.C.Southam JANEAUSTEN:'SenseandSensibility','PrideandPrejudice'& 'MansfieldPark' B.C.Southam BECKEn:WaitingforGodot RubyCohn WILLIAMBLAKE:SongsofInnocenceandExperience MargaretBottrall CHARLOnEBRONTE:'JaneEyre'& 'Villette' MiriamAllott EMILYBRONTE:WutheringHeights (Revised) MiriamAllott BROWNING:'MenandWomen'& OtherPoemsJ.R.Watson CHAUCER:TheCanterburyTalesJ.J.Anderson COLERIDGE:'TheAncientMariner'& OtherPoems AlunR.Jones&W.Tydeman CONRAD:'HeartofDarkness','Nostromo'& 'UnderWestern Eyes' C.B.Cox DICKENS:BleakHouse A.E.Dyson DICKENS:'HardTimes: 'GreatExpectations'& 'OurMutualFriend" NormanPage DONNE:SongsandSonnets JulianLovelock GEORGEELIOT:Middlemarch PatrickSwinden T.S.ELIOT:FourQuartets T.S.ELIOT:'Prutrock','Gerontion'& 'AshWednesday' B.C.Southam T.S.ElIOT:TheWasteLand C.B.Cox&ArnoldP.Hinchliffe HENRYFIELDING:TomJones NeilCompton E.M.FORSTER:APassagetoIndia MalcolmBradbury HARDY:TheTragicNovels(Revised) R.P.Draper HARDY:Poems JamesGibson&TrevorJohnson GERARDMANLEYHOPKINS:Poems MargaretBottrall HENRYJAMES: 'WashingtonSquare'& 'ThePortrait ofaLady' AlanShelton JONSON:Volpone JonasA.Barish JAMESJOYCE:'Dubliners'& 'APortraitoftheArtist asaYoung Man' MorrisBeja KEATS:Odes G.S.Fraser KEATS:NarrativePoems JohnSpencerHill D.H.LAWRENCE:SonsandLovers GaminiSalgado D.H.LAWRENCE:'TheRainbow'& 'WomeninLove' ColinClarke LOWRY:Under the Volcano GordonBowker MARLOWE:DoctorFaustus JohnJump MARLOWE:'TamburlainetheGreat','EdwardII'& 'TheJewofMalta' J.R.Brown MILTON:ParadiseLost A.E.Dyson&JulianLovelock O'CASEY:'junoandthePeycock','ThePloughandtheStars'& 'TheShadowofa Gunman' RonaldAyling JOHNOSBORNE:LookBackinAngerJohnRussellTaylor PINTER:'TheBirthdayParty'& OtherPlays MichaelScott POPE:TheRapeofthe Lock JohnDixonHunt SHAKESPEARE:AMidsummerNight'sDream AntonyPrice SHAKESPEARE:AntonyandCleopatra [Revlsed] JohnRussellBrown SHAKESPEARE:Coriolanus B.A.Brockman SHAKESPEARE:EarlyTragedies NeilTaylor& BryanLoughrey SHAKESPEARE:Hamlet JohnJump SHAKESPEARE:HenryIVPartsIand/I G.K.Hunter SHAKESPEARE:HenryVMichaelQuinn SHAKESPEARE:juliusCaesar PeterUre SHAKESPEARE:KingLear(Revised) FrankKermode SHAKESPEARE:Macbeth (Revised)JohnWain SHAKESPEARE:MeasureforMeasure C.K.Stead SHAKESPEARE:TheMerchantofVenice JohnWilders SHAKESPEARE:'MuchAdoAboutNothing'& 'AsYouLikeIt' JohnRussellBrown SHAKESPEARE:Othello[Revised] JohnWain SHAKESPEARE:Richard1/NicholasBrooke SHAKESPEARE:TheSonnets PeterJones SHAKESPEARE:TheTempest(Revised) D.J.Palmer SHAKESPEARE:TwelfthNight D.J.Palmer SHAKESPEARE:TheWinter'sTale KennethMuir SPENSER:TheFaerieQueene PeterBayley SHERIDAN:Comedies PeterDavison STOPPARD:'RosencrantzandGuildensternareDead; 'jumpers'& 'Travesties' T.Bareham SWIFT:Gulliver'sTravels RichardGravil SYNGE:FourPlays RonaldAyling THACKERAY:VanityFair ArthurPollard WEBSTER:'TheWhite Devil'& 'TheDuchessofMalfi' R.V.Holdsworth WILDE:Comedies WilliamTydeman VIRGINIAWOOLF:Tothe Lighthouse MorrisBeja WORDSWORTH:LyricalBallads AlunR.Jones&WilliamTydeman WORDSWORTH:ThePrelude W.J.Harvey& RichardGravil YEATS:Poems7979-35 ElizabethCullingford YEATS:LastPoemsJonStallworthy IssuesinContemporaryCriticalTheory PeterBarry Thirties Poets:'TheAuden Group' RonaldCarter Tragedy:DevelopmentsinCriticism R.P.Draper ThreeContemporaryPoets:Gunn,Hughes,Thomas A.E.Dyson TheMetaphysicalPoets GeraldHammond MedievalEnglishDrama PeterHappe TheEnglishNovel:Developmentsin CriticismsinceHenryjames StephenHazell PoetryoftheFirst WorldWar DominicHibberd TheRomanticImagination JohnSpencerHill Drama Criticism:DevelopmentssinceIbsen ArnoldP.Hinchliffe ThreejacobeanRevengeTragedies R.V.Holdsworth TheLanguageofLiterature NormanPage Comedy: DevelopmentsinCriticism D.J.Palmer StudyingShakespeare JohnRussellBrown TheGothicNovel VictorSage Pre-RomanticPoetry J.R.Watson Marlowe Doctor Faustus A CASEBOOK EDITED BY JOHN JUMP * Selection andeditorialmatter©johnJump1969 AUrights reserved.No reproduction,copyortransmission of this publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. No paragraphofthis pubLicationmaybereproduced,copiedor transmittedsavewithwrittenpermission orinaccordancewith the provisions ofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct 1988, orunderthe terms of anyLicencepermittinglimitedcopying issuedbythe CopyrightlicensingAgency,90TottenhamCourt Road,londonW1T4lP. Anypersonwho doesanyunauthorisedactinrelationto this publicationmaybeliableto criminalprosecutionandcivil claimsfor damages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrightto beidentifiedasthe authorofthis workinaccordancewiththe Copyright, DesignsandPatentsAct 1988. Publishedby PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG216XSand 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10010 Companiesandrepresentatives throughouttheworld PALGRAVEMACMILLANistheglobal academicimprintofthe Palgrave Macmillandivisionof St.Martin'sPress,lLCandof PaLgraveMacmillanltd. Macmillan(P)isaregisteredtrademarkinthe UnitedStates,UnitedKingdom andothercountries. Palgraveisaregisteredtrademarkinthe European Union andothercountries. ISBN978-0-333-09805-9 ISBN978-1-349-89053-8(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-349-89053-8 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitable for recycling and madefromfullymanagedandsustainedforest sources. Acatalogue recordfor this bookisavailabLe fromthe British tibrary, Transferredtodigitalprinting,2002 CONTENTS Aclcnowledgements 7 GeneralEditor'sPreface 9 Introduction II Part I:Extractsfrom EarlierCritics WALTER SCOTT, P: 25 - HENRY MAITLAND, P: 2.5 FRANCIS JEFFREY, p. 26 - WILLIAM HAZLITT, p. 2.7 CHARLESLAMB,p.29- J. W. VONGOETHE,p.2.9- JAMES BROUGHTON, p. 2.9 - JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, p. 30 HENRYHALLAM, P: 30- GEORGE HENRYLEWES,P: 31 H. A. TAINE, P: 32 - A. W. WARD, P: 32 - WILHELM WAGNER, p. 33- JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS, p. 35 A. H. BULLEN, P: 36 - HAVELOCK ELLIS, P: 3'A- A. C. SWINBURNE, p. 38 - GEORGE SANTAYANA, p. 39 P: FELIXE. SCHELLING, p. 40- WILLIAM EMPSON, 41 LEO KIRSCHBAUM, p. 42. - UNA ELLIS-FERM0R, p. 43 PAULH.KOCHER,p.44. Part 2: RecentStudies JAMES SMITH:Marlowe'sDoctorFaustus 49 w. W. GREG:TheDamnationofFaustus 71 J. C. MAXWELL:TheSinofFaustus 89 HELEN GARDNER:TheThemeofDamnationin DoctorFaustus 95 6 Contents NICHOLAS BROOKE:TheMoralTragedyofDoetor Faustus 101 HARRY LEVIN:SciencewithoutConscience 134 ROBERT ORNSTEIN:The ComicSynthesisinDoctor Faustus 165 J. P. BROCKBANK:DamnedPerpetually 173 J. B. STEANE:TheInstabilityofFaustus 177 D. J. PALMER:MagicandPoetryinDoctorFaustus 188 L. C. KNIGHTS:TheStrangeCaseofDoctorFaustus 2.04 CLEANTH BROOKS:TheUnityofMarlowe'sDoctor Faustus 2.08 HAROLD HOBSON:AllThisandHelen,Too 2.2.2. SelectBibliography 2.2.5 NotesonContributors 2.2.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Havelock Ellis, Christopher Marlowe, in the Mermaid series (Ernest BennLtd, Hill& Wang Inc.); George Santayana,Three PhilosophicalPoets (Harvard University Press); FelixE.Schel ling, English Drama (J.M.Dent & SonsLtd, E.P. Dutton & Co. Inc.); WilliamEmpson, Seven Types ofAmbiguity(Chatto & Windus Ltd, New Directions Publishing Corporation; All Rights Reserved); Una Ellis-Fermer, The Frontiers ofDrama (Methuen & Co. Ltd); Professor James Smith, 'Marlowe's Dr Faustus', from Scrutiny, VIII (1939) (Cambridge University Press);W.W.Greg,'TheDamnation ofFaustus', fromModem Language Review, XlI (1946) (Lady Greg and Cambridge UniversityPress);J. C.Maxwell,'TheSinofFaustus', fromThe WindandtheRain, IV (1947); 'Milton's "Satan"and theTheme of Damnation in Elizabethan Tragedy', from English Studies 1948, published for the English Association by John Murray (Publishers) Ltd and reprinted by Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd (Dame Helen Gardner, D.B.E., C.B.E.); Professor Nicholas Brooke,'TheMoralTragedyofDoctorFaustus',fromCambridge Journal, V (1951-2) (Bowes & Bowes); Harry Levin, 'Science Without Conscience', from Christopher Marlowe: The Over reacher (Faber & Faber Ltd, Harvard University Press; © the President and Fellows of Harvard College 1952); Robert Ornstein, 'TheComicSynthesisinDoctorFaustus', fromJournal ofEnglish LiteraryHistory, XXII iii(1955) (The Johns Hopkins Press); J. P. Brockbank, 'Damned Perpetually',fromMarlowe: DrFaustus,ed.D. Daiches,intheStudiesin English Literature series(Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, Barron's Educational J. SeriesInc.); B.Steane,Marlowe:A CriticalStudy(Cambridge University Press); D. J. Palmer, 'Magicand Poetry in Doctor 8 Achwwledgements Faustus', from Critical Quarterly, VI (1964); 1. C. Knights, 'The Strange Case of Christopher Marlowe', from Further Explorations (Chatto & Windus Ltd, Stanford University Press; © 1. c.Knights 1965); Cleanth Brooks, 'The Unity of Marlowe'sDrFaustus',from ToNevillCoghillFromFriends, ed. J.Lawlor and W. H. Auden; Harold Hobson, 'All This and Helen Too', from Sunday Times, 20 February 1966. GENERAL EDITOR'S PREFACE EACHofthisseriesofCasebooksconcernseitheronewell-known and influentialwork of literature or two or three closelylinked works. The main section consists of critical readings, mostly modem, brought together from journalsand books. A selection ofreviewsand commentsby theauthor's contemporariesisalso included,andsometimescommentsfromtheauthor himself.The Editor'sIntroduction charts thereputation of thework fromits firstappearanceuntilthepresenttime. What is the purpose of such a collection? Chiefly, to assist reading. Our firstresponse to literature may be, or seemto be, 'personal'. Certain qualities of vigour, profundity, beauty or 'truth to experience'strike us,and thework gainsafoothold in our mind. Later, an isolated phrase or passage may return to haunt or illuminate. Where did we hear that? we wonder - it couldscarcelybebetterput. In these and similar ways appreciation begins, but major literaturepromptstoverymuchmore.Therearecertainfactswe need to know ifwe are to understand properly. Who were the author's original readers, and what assumptions did he share withthem?Whatwashistheoryofliterature?Washecommitted toaparticularhistoricalsituation,or toasetofbeliefs?We need historiansaswellascriticstohelpuswith this.Buttherearealso more purely literary factors to take account of: the work's structureandrhetoric;itssymbolsandarchetypes;itstone,genre and texture; its use of language; the words on the page. In all these matters critics can inform and enrich our individual responsesbyofferingimaginativerecreationsoftheirown. Forthe lifeofa book is not, after all,merely 'personal'; it is more likea tripartite dialogue, between awriter living 'then', a