March 2017 ALBANIA SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 1970 Decree No. 4650 on the 12nm Claims to require “special authorization” Boundaries of Albania for innocent passage through and over the TS for foreign warships and military airplanes, except in cases of force majeure. (Go to State Department LIS page, scroll down and click on LIS No. 116 for texts of Decree and of U.S. protest.) Prior permission requirements are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested the requirements in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in FY 1984, 1985, 1986, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001 and 2016. Feb 1976 Decree No. 5384 15nm Extended TS claim from 12 to 15nm. (Modifying Decree No. 4650) Excessive territorial sea claim was not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested the claim in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in FY 1984, 1985, and 1986. Mar 1990 Decree No. 7366 12nm Rolled back TS claim to 12nm. (Modifying Decree No. 4650) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 1959 Decree No. 2960 Established straight baselines for northern STRAIGHT BASELINES, & two-thirds of national coastline. HISTORIC CLAIMS Apr 1970 Decree No. 4650 on the Straight baselines reiterated. Boundaries of Albania Feb 1976 Decree No. 5384 Modified straight baselines. (Modifying Decree No. 4650) Mar 1990 Decree No. 7366 Reiterated excessive straight baseline (Modifying Decree No. claims. (Go to State Department LIS 4650) page, scroll down and click on LIS No. 116 for U.S. analysis of straight baselines and text of U.S. protest.) These straight baseline claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 1989 that the straight baselines did not meet geographic criteria required under international law and enclosed waters which are neither juridical bays nor historic waters claims, and conducted operational assertions in FY 1984, 1985, 1986, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001 and 2016. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 1964 1958 Geneva Convention 1958 Became party to the 1958 Geneva on the Continental Shelf DEF Convention on the Continental Shelf. Apr 1970 Decree No. 4650 on the Claimed sovereign rights over continental Boundaries of Albania shelf regarding natural resources. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EEZ Apr 1970 Decree No. 4650 on the Claimed sovereign rights over continental Boundaries of Albania shelf for exploiting its natural resources. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 March 2017 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 1992 Agreement with Italy Continental shelf boundary agreement with Italy signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jun 2003 Acceded to Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 April 2013 ALGERIA SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Oct 1963 Decree No. 63-403 12nm Requires foreign warships to obtain permission to enter the territorial sea. Oct 1972 Decree No. 72-194 Requires foreign warships to request permission at least 15 days prior to innocent passage, except in cases of force majeure. Jun 1996 Declaration on ratifying Reaffirms 15-day prior permission for the LOS Convention innocent passage of foreign warships except in cases of force majeure. Prior permission requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. formally protested in 1964 and 1982, and conducted operational assertions in FY 1979, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1992, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 1984 Decree No. 84-181 Establishes straight baselines and STRAIGHT BASELINES, & publishes coordinates . HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Nov 2004 Decree No. 04-344 24nm Establishes a contiguous zone measured from the baselines of the territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 1994 Decree No. 94-13 32nm / Establishes a fishing zone 32nm between 52nm the western maritime border and Ras Tenes and 52nm between Ras Tenes and the eastern maritime border. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 2002 Agreement with Tunisia Signed 11 February 2002; EIF 23 on the Maritime Boundary November 2003. An Annex to the agreement, signed 7 August 2002, lists coordinates . _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 1982 Signed Convention, with Declaration confirming it does not recognize certain other signatories. Jul 1994 Signed Part XI Agreement. Jun 1996 Ratified Convention, with Declaration reaffirming 15-day prior permission for innocent passage of foreign warships in the territorial sea except in cases of force majeure. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 April 2013 ANGOLA SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 1992 Law No. 21/92 on the 12nm Rolls back excessive territorial sea claim Internal Waters, Territorial from 20nm to 12nm. Repeals Decree Law Sea & EEZ No. 159 of Nov 1975. U.S. conducted an operational assertion in FY 1991(prior to 1992 law). ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 1967 Portugal Decree Law Pre-independence, Portuguese legislation STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 47,771 specifying straight baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS (Go to State Department LIS page, scroll down and click on LIS No. 28 for U.S. analysis of straight baselines.) Aug 1992 Law No. 21/92 on the Reaffirms baselines set forth in Decree- Internal Waters, Territorial Law No. 47, 771 of 27 June 1967. Sea & EEZ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 1992 Law No. 21/92 on the 24nm Establishes a contiguous zone. Internal Waters, Territorial Sea & EEZ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 1992 Law No. 21/92 on the 200nm Establishes an EEZ. Internal Waters, Territorial Sea & EEZ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 2002 Accord on the Delimitation of the Maritime Border between Angola and Namibia _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LAW OF THE SEA Dec 1982 Signed Convention, with Declaration CONVENTION reserving the right to interpret the Convention in the context of "Angolan sovereignty and territorial integrity.” Dec 1990 Ratified Convention. Oct 2009 Declaration Declarations regarding dispute settlement. Sep 2010 Bound by Part XI. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 September 2016 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 1982 Maritime Areas Act 1982, 12nm Where equidistance line with neighboring Act No. 18 States is less than 12nm, boundaries to be established by agreement or equidistance line. Claims to require foreign warships to obtain prior permission to enter the territorial sea and archipelagic waters. Passage without permission shall be deemed “prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of Antigua and Barbuda”. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested this requirement and conducted an operational assertion in FY 1987. Go to State Department LIS page, scroll down and click on LIS No. 133 for analysis. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 1982 Maritime Areas Act 1982, Claims archipelagic status. Enabling STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Act No. 18 legislation for straight archipelagic HISTORIC CLAIMS baselines. Claims to require foreign warships to obtain prior permission to enter archipelagic waters. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested this requirement and conducted an operational assertion in FY 1987. Go to State Department LIS page, scroll down and click on LIS No. 133 for analysis. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 1982 Maritime Areas Act 1982, 24nm Establishes contiguous zone. “The Act No. 18 contiguous zone shall not extend into any part of the territorial sea of a foreign State and...shall operate as though it were modified to the extent necessary to meet the requirement of this subsection in any particular case.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 1982 Maritime Areas Act 1982, CM/ 200nm where the CM does not extend up Act No. 18 200nm to that distance. Where equidistance line with neighboring States is less than 200nm, boundaries to be established by agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 1982 Maritime Areas Act 1982, 200nm Establishes EEZ and fishing zone. Where Act No. 18 equidistance line with neighboring States is less than 200nm, boundaries to be established by negotiations. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Feb 1983 Signed Convention. Feb 1989 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 April 2013 AUSTRALIA SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 1983 Proclamation of 4 Various Proclamation of Outer Limits (Torres February 1983 of Outer Strait) pursuant to section 7 of the Seas Limits (Torres Strait) and Submerged Lands Act 1973. Limits of certain islands fixed in the Torres Strait Treaty. Nov 1990 Seas & Submerged Lands 12nm Not applicable to islands cited above. Act Jul 1994 Maritime Legislation 12nm Amends Seas and Submerged Lands Act Amendment Act of 1994 of 1973; incorporates all of above by reference. Aug 2000 Proclamation Extends territorial sea in southern area of Gulf of Carpentaria to include roadstead near Port of Karumba, in Queensland. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 1967 Ministerial Statement Established closing lines for all bays up to STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 24nm in width. Claimed as historic bays, HISTORIC CLAIMS Shark Bay, St. Vincent Gulf and Spencer Gulf. Dec 1973 Seas and Submerged Enabling legislation for straight baselines. Lands Act Feb 1983 Proclamation of 4 Proclamation of the Inner Limits (The February 1983 of the Baseline), pursuant to section 7 of the Inner Limits (The Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973. Baseline) Straight baselines established for the coasts of the mainland, Tasmania, and islands off the coasts of the states and Northern Territory; outer limits of territorial sea established for certain islands within Queensland. (Amended in 2006, below.) Feb 2006 Seas and Submerged Revoked Section 7 of the 1983 Lands (Territorial Sea Proclamation. Promulgates new baseline Baseline) Proclamation turning points for the mainland and islands 2006 off the states and the Northern Territory, using a different coordinate system (Geocentric Datum of Australia). Mar 1987 Proclamation of 19 March Established straight baselines and 1987, pursuant to section declared Anxious Bay, Encounter Bay, 8 of the Seas and Lacepede Bay and Rivoli Bay as historic Submerged Lands Act bays. (Amended in 2006, below.) 1973 The U.S. does not recognize these historic bay claims. Diplomatic protest made in 1991. Feb 2006 Seas and Submerged Revoked Section 8 of the 1987 Lands (Historic Bays) Proclamation. Re-declares Anxious Bay, Proclamation 2006 Encounter Bay, Lacepede Bay and Rivoli Bay as historic bays. Promulgates new straight baselines for these 4 historic bays using a different coordinate system (Geocentric Datum of Australia). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 April 2013 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 1994 Maritime Legislation 24nm Amendment Act 1994 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 1970 Continental Shelf (Living Regulated the taking of sedentary Natural Resources) Act organisms on the continental shelf. 1968 (Amended in 1981.) Dec 1973 Seas and Submerged 1958 Defined “as in 1958 Convention.” Lands Act DEF Jun 1982 Off-shore Installations Applies customs, quarantine, immigration (Misc. Amendments Act and certain other laws to off-shore 1982) installations. Jul 1994 Maritime Legislation 200nm/ Defined as in the LOS Convention Amendment Act of 1994 CM (amends Dec 1973 Act). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 1960 Whaling Act Regulated whaling in Australian waters. Nov 1967 Fisheries Act (1952-1975) 12nm Fishing zone. Nov 1979 Fisheries Amendment Act 200nm Expanded fishing zone. (1978-81) Oct 1981 Whale Protection Act 200nm Prohibited the taking of cetaceans in 1980 fishing zone except by permit. Oct 1983 Diplomatic Note Regulations for conduct of scientific research in fishing zone and territorial sea and on continental shelf. Dec 1984 Environment Protection Extends operation of the Environment Regulations (Amendment) Protection (Dumping) Act of 1981 throughout fishing zone. Jul 1994 Maritime Legislation 200nm EEZ established, defined “as in UNCLOS.” Amendment Act 1994 Includes 200nm EEZ for claimed Antarctic territory. This claim to Antarctic territory EEZ is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested claim in 1994. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Dec 1984 Environment Protection 200nm Extends operation of the Environment REGULATION Regulations (Amendment) Protection (Dumping) Act of 1981 throughout fishing zone. Nov 1991 IMO Resolution Identified Great Barrier Reef (GBR) as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA). 2 April 2013 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Dec 1995 IMO Resolution Ship reporting system for Torres Strait REGULATION, Continued region and the Inner Route of the Great Barrier Reef. EIF January 1, 1997. Ship reporting system between longitude 141°45'E and 143°45'E, centered on 10°S latitude, including the Endeavour Strait, and the waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) between the Australian coast and the outer edge of the GBR, from the latitude of Cape York (10°40'S) southwards to 22°S. Compulsory pilotage rules in northern section of Inner Route (Cape York to Cairns) and in Hydrographers Passage. Jul 2005 IMO Resolution Designation of the Torres Strait as an Extension of the GBR PSSA. Aug 2006 Maritime Legislation Compulsory Pilotage for Torres Strait and Amendment Act of 2006 Great NE Channel. Per Marine Marine Notice 8 / Marine Environment Protection Committee Orders Part 54 (MEPC) 55/23 (Report of the MEPC on its 55th Session), the Committee agreed with the Chairman that this resolution is of a recommendatory nature. The U.S. protested this Marine Notice in 2006. The measures above do not apply to sovereign immune vessels. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES 1971-74 Agreements (3) with With Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Papua establishing maritime boundaries New Guinea (territorial sea, seabed, fishery zone) and supplementary agreement in the area of Timor and Arafura Seas. (Go to State Department LIS page, scroll down and click on LIS No. 87 for U.S. analysis and texts of the Agreements.) Feb 1982 Agreement with Indonesia Fisheries agreement with Indonesia EIF. Jan 1983 Agreement with France Maritime boundary agreement with France (Coral Sea and Indian Ocean). Feb 1985 Agreement with Papua Torres Strait treaty with Papua New New Guinea Guinea EIF. Sep 1988 Agreement with Solomon Certain sea and seabed boundary Islands agreement signed with Solomon Islands. Mar 1997 Agreement with Indonesia Maritime boundary agreement (EEZ and continental shelf) with Indonesia signed. Jul 2004 Agreement with New EEZ and continental shelf boundary Zealand agreement with New Zealand. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 April 2013 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 1982 Signed Convention. Jul 1994 Signed Part XI Agreement. Oct 1994 Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 ^ ^Singapore ^ BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS AUSTRALIA: STRAIGHT BASELINE CLAIM NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE 0°0'0" 0°0'0" 0°0'0" 0°0'0" 0°0'0" 10 12 13 15 Some of Australia's h16istoric bay claims 5 0 5 0 5 °0 °0 °0 °0 are not recognized by°0 the United States '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 "E "E "E "E "E PAPUA NEW GUINEA Jakarta ^ A PAPUA IND O N E S I NEW GUINEA SOLOMON ^^ ISLANDS Dili ^ ^ TIMOR - Arafura Sea Port Honiara LESTE Moresby Timor Sea Gulf of Carpentaria 15°0'0"S 15°0'0"S 15°0'0"S 15°0'0"S 15°0'0"S VANUATU 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 3 5 6 5 0 5 0 5 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 ^Port-Vila '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 "E "E "E "E "E NEW ^ Nouméa CALEDONIA AUSTRALIA Coral Sea 30°0'0"S 30°0'0"S 30°0'0"S 30°0'0"S 30°0'0"S 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 3 5 6 5 0 5 0 5 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 '0"E '0"E Great Australian Bight '0"E '0"E '0"E Canberra^ Bass Strait INDIAN OCEAN ^ Tasmania NEW ZEALAND 45°0'0"S 45°0'0"S 45°0'0"S 45°0'0"S 45°0'0"S 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 3 5 6 5 0 5 0 5 °0 °0 °0 °0 °0 '0 '0 '0 '0 '0 "E "E "E "E "E Auckland Baseline Turning Point Islands Straight Baseline International Boundary Macquarie 0 300 600 900 1,200 Island Nautical Miles