Elsevier Oceanography Series, 14 MARINE OPTICS N.G. JERLOV Professor of Physical Oceanography University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Second revised and enlarged edition of Optical Oceanography (Elsevier Oceanography Series, 5) ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY Amsterdam Oxford --New York 1976 -- ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY 335 Jan van Galenstraat P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Distributors for the United States and Canada: ELSEVIER/NORTH-HOLLAND INC. 52, Vanderbilt Avenue New York, N.Y. 10017 ISBN 0-444-41490-8 Copyright @ 1976 by Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Jan van Galenstraat 335, Amsterdam Printed in The Netherlands PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION As in all branches of oceanography progress in ocean optics is being made at a rapid rate. New techniques have made possible improved accuracy in the observations, and extension of measurements to greater depths in the sea. Today optical methods including remote sensing are utilized more frequently and to greater advantage for characterizing water masses, tracing pollutants, studying primary production, etc. This second completely revised edition of the monograph is intended to incorporate recent advances in the field while retaining the character and the basic format of a text book. As in the first edition no attempt has been made to deal specifically with imaging systems of different kinds. The author hopes that the book will be useful as a reference book, and that it can answer questions which confront the student or the specialist. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Murray Brown, Mrs. E. Hallden, Drs. N. Hdjerslev, G. Kullenberg, to Mr. B. Lundgren, K. Nygkd, and Mrs. R. Pelt at the Institute of Physical Oceanography, Copenhagen, for their most generous cooperation. NILS JERLOV