Marginal Voices The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World (Formerly Medieval Iberian Peninsula) Editors Larry J. Simon, Western Michigan University Gerard Wiegers, University of Amsterdam Arie Schippers, University of Amsterdam Donna M. Rogers, Dalhousie University Isidro J. Rivera, University of Kansas VOLUME 46 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/memi Marginal Voices Edited by Amy Aronson-Friedman Gregory B. Kaplan LEIDEN • BOSTON LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: Converso Contadino a Montebenedetto, Acrylic on board, cm 50 x 70, by Maria Giulia Alemanno (2010) ©Maria Giulia Alemanno. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marginal voices : studies in converso literature of medieval and golden age Spain / edited by Amy Aronson-Friedman, Gregory B. Kaplan. p. cm. -- (The medieval and early modern Iberian world; v. 46) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-21440-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Spanish literature--To 1500--History and criticism. 2. Spanish literature--Jewish Christian authors--History and criticism. 3. Christian converts from Judaism--Spain--History. 4. Spain--Intellectual life--711-1516. I. Aronson-Friedman, Amy. II. Kaplan, Gregory B., 1966- PQ6060.M34 2012 860.9’001--dc23 2011042779 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.nl/brill-typeface. ISSN 1569-1934 ISBN 978 90 04 21440 8 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 22258 8 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS List of Contributors ................................................................................................vii Editors’ Introduction to Marginal Voices: Studies in Converso Literature of Medieval and Golden Age Spain ................................................1 Amy I. Aronson-Friedman and Gregory B. Kaplan The Inception of Limpieza de Sangre (Purity of Blood) and its Impact in Medieval and Golden Age Spain ...................................19  Gregory B. Kaplan Inquisition and the Creation of the Other .......................................................43  Ana Benito Conflicted Identity and Colonial Adaptation in Petrus Alfonsi’s Dialogus contra judaeos and Disciplina clericalis ......................................69  David A. Wacks Convivencia and Conversion in Gonzalo de Berceo’s “El judïezno” .........................................................................................................91  Patricia Timmons Against the Pagans: Alonso de Cartagena, Francisco de Vitoria, and Converso Political Theology .....................................................117  Bruce Rosenstock Pragmatism, Patience and the Passion: The Converso Element in the Summa de paciencia (1493) and the Thesoro de la passion (1494) .....................................................................................................141  Laura Delbrugge Text and Context: A Judeo-Spanish Version of the Danza de la muerte ........................................................................................................161  Michelle Hamilton The Converso and the Spanish Picaresque Novel..........................................183  Deborah Skolnik Rosenberg vi contents Cervantes, Don Quijote, and the Hebrew Scriptures: The Case of the Jacob and Joseph Stories .................................................207  Kevin S. Larsen Anti-Semitic Discourse or the Voice of a Disguised Converso in a Seventeenth-Century Spanish Treatise .............................................233  Luis G. Bejarano Index.........................................................................................................................249 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Amy Aronson-Friedman received her Ph.D. in Hispanic Linguistics and Medieval Peninsular Literature from Temple University in 2000. She is Associate Professor of Spanish and Linguistics at Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia, where she also directs the Peru summer study abroad program. Her research focuses on the conversos of Medieval Spain, and she has published numerous articles on this topic in both national and international journals. Ana Benito is Associate Professor of Spanish at Indiana-Purdue Univer- sity in Fort Wayne (IPFW). She received her Ph.D. from Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana in 2004. She has published a critical edition of La Celestina and several articles on the topic of The Other in medieval litera- ture. She specializes in cultural identity in medieval Iberia with a special emphasis on Muslim and Christian women as portrayed by Christian authors. Luis G. Bejarano is Professor of Spanish and Foreign Language Education at Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia. He received his master’s degree from the University of Georgia and his doctorate in Hispanic Studies from the University of Oklahoma. He published a book on com- parative Latin American and French literatures in 1999, and subsequently several articles on twentieth-century Latin American literature and the Spanish Golden Age. Besides his scholastic interests in literature and cul- tural studies, he has published and co-authored comparative projects on Second Language Education in the United States and Spain. Laura Delbrugge received her Ph.D. in 1996 in Medieval Spanish Liter- ature and Historical Linguistics from Pennsylvania State University. She is currently Professor of Spanish at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania in the Department of Foreign Languages. She has published extensively on the converso Andrés de Li, including three critical editions: A Scholarly Edition of Andrés de Li’s Thesoro de la passion (1494), Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World Series (Brill, 2011); A Critical Edition of Andrés de Li’s Summa de paciencia (1505) (Mellen Press, 2003); and the Reportorio de los tiempos, (Tamesis Press, 1999), as well as many articles and confer- ence presentations. She currently lives in Indiana, Pennsylvania with her husband and children. viii list of contributors Michelle Hamilton is Associate Professor of Spanish & Portuguese at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities and author of Representing Others in Medieval Iberian Literature (Palgrave, 2007). Her areas of spe- cialty include the Arabic, Hebrew, and Romance literatures and cultures of medieval Iberia. Her current project deals with the intellectual history of Iberian Jews in the fifteenth century. Gregory B. Kaplan received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1994 and is Professor of Spanish in the Department of Modern Foreign Languages at the University of Tennessee. His research focuses on the lit- erature of the Spanish Middle Ages as well as the history and evolution of the Spanish language. He has authored several books, including The Evolution of Converso Literature: The Writings of the Converted Jews of Medieval Spain (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002) and Val- derredible, Cantabria (España): La cuna de la lengua española (Santander: Gobierno de Cantabria, 2009). He is the editor of Sixteenth-Century Spanish Writers (Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 318) and the transla- tor of thirteen short stories by the contemporary Spanish writer Juan José Millás (“Personality Disorders” and Other Stories [New York: MLA, 2007]). He has also published articles in a number of journals including Bulletin of Spanish Studies, La corónica, Foreign Language Annals, and Revista de Estudios Hispánicos. Kevin S. Larsen received his Ph.D. in Romance Languages and Literatures from Harvard University in 1983, with a thesis on Gabriel Miró and literary naturalism (directed by Francisco Márquez Villanueva). Since 1998, he has served as Professor of Spanish and Religious Studies at the University of Wyoming. He also serves as Chairman of the Department of Modern and Classical Languages of this same institution. He has written or edited six books (focusing on Miró, Galdós, Cervantes, and Pedro Antonio de Alarcón), as well as some eighty articles and book chapters, treating top- ics ranging from the Iberian Middle Ages to the mid-twentieth century, and published in diverse professional journals, Festschriften, and other collections. Since 2008, he has served as president of the Instituto Ometeca, dedicated since its beginnings in 1987 to the study of the interface between the sciences and the humanities, principally in the Hispanic tradition. Bruce Rosenstock is Associate Professor of Religion at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In addition to his monograph on con- verso religiosity (New Men: Conversos, Christian Theology, and Society in list of contributors ix Fifteenth-Century Castile, Papers of the Seminar in Medieval Hispanic Literature, 2002), he is the author of Philosophy and Jewish Question: Mendelssohn, Rosenzweig, and Beyond (Fordham, 2010). Together with Samuel Armistead, he is Principal Investigator for the NSF digital library project, Folk Literature of the Sephardic Jews, hosted at the University of Illinois. Deborah Skolnik Rosenberg, Ph.D., teaches in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at Northwestern University. Her research inter- ests include the picaresque novel, national identity formation, and mar- ginalized authors of early modern Spain. Patricia Timmons is Instructional Assistant Professor of Spanish at Texas A&M University. She earned her Ph.D. in 2004 from the University of Texas at Austin. She specializes in medieval Spanish literature. Her dis- sertation is Law, Sex, and Anti-Semitism in Gonzalo de Berceo’s Milagros de Nuestra Señora. She is co-author with Robert Boenig of the forthcoming book Gonzalo de Berceo and the Latin Miracles of the Virgin, a translation and study of the Latin sources of Berceo’s Milagros. David A. Wacks received his Ph.D. from the University of California- Berkeley in 2003, and is Associate Professor of Spanish in the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Oregon. His research interests include Medieval Iberian literature and Sephardic Jewish culture. He is author of Framing Iberia: Frametales and Maqamat in Medieval Spain (Brill, 2007) and co-editor (with Michelle Hamilton and Sarah Portnoy) of Wine, Women and Song: Hebrew and Arabic Literature in Medieval Iberia (Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 2004). He has published articles in a number of journals including Journal of Arabic Literature, Bulletin of Spanish Studies, Diacritics, Sefarad, and eHumanista.