Maps and the Writing of Space in Early Modern England and Ireland This page intentionally left blank Maps and the Writing of Space in Early Modern England and Ireland Bernhard Klein Lecturer in English University of Dortmund Germany Palgrave © Bernhard Klein 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-77933-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PALCRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALCRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-41831-2 ISBN 978-0-230-59811-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230598119 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are exp ected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00-033348 To the memory of my father Heinz Werner Klein 1927–1980 This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures viii List of Plates ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction: The Cartographic Transaction 1 Part I Measurements 13 Introduction 15 1 Mathematics of the World 21 2 Land Measuring: an Upstart Art 42 3 Surveying Ireland 61 Part II Cartographies 77 Introduction 79 4 The Whole World at One View 85 5 Mapping the Nation 97 6 The Image of Ireland 112 Part III Narratives 131 Introduction 133 7 Imaginary Journeys: Describing Britain 137 8 The Poetics of National Space 149 9 Groundless Fictions: Writing Irish Space 171 Notes 188 Index 225 vii List of Figures 1.1 Hartmann Schedel: imaginary view of Marseille, Trier and Nice (1493). Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (HB 22 Dk 411.) 23 1.2 Hartmann Schedel: heads and houses (1493). Stadt- und Universitätsbiliothek Frankfurt am Main. (HB 22 Dk 411.) 25 1.3 Peter Apian: the difference between geography and chorography (1524). Senckenbergische Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (P.351.8782/1.) 27 1.4 Sebastian Münster: thumbnail sketch of Britain and Ireland (1544). Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (Wf 297.) 30 1.5 Sebastian Münster: view of Trier (1550). Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (Wf 297.) 31 1.6 Sebastian Münster: map of feminized Europe (1588). Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (Wf 297.) 37 1.7 Sebastian Münster: map of Europe based on Ortelius (1588). Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (Wf 297.) 38 2.1 Aaron Rathborne: frontispiece of The Surveyor (1616). By permission of the British Library. (528.n.20.) 47 2.2 Leonard Digges: title-page of Tectonicon (first published in 1556). By permission of the British Library. (8504.c.20.) 53 2.3 Cyprian Lucar: the arsenal of the plane table man (1590). By permission of the British Library. (C.114.e.4.) 54 2.4 William Leybourn: a model estate map (1654). By permission of the British Library. (530.m.5.) 55 8.1 Michael Drayton: introductory map to song 15, containing the river marriage (1612). By permission of the British Library. (C.116.g.2.) 156 viii List of Plates 1 Johann Vermeer, The Geographer (1668). Städelsches Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main. 2 Abraham Ortelius: map of Africa (1570). Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (Wf 127.) 3 Abraham Ortelius: map of the world (1570). Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main. (Wf 127.) 4 John Speed, The Kingdome of Great Britaine and Ireland (1611). By permission of the British Library. (Maps C.7.c.20.) 5 Laurence Nowell, General Description of England and Ireland (1564/5). By permission of the British Library. (Add Ms 62540.) 6 Christopher Saxton, Anglia (1579). By permission of the British Library. (Maps C.7.c.1.) 7 John Speed, Kingdome of England (1611). By permission of the British Library. (Maps C.7.c.20.) 8 George Lily, Britanniae Insulae (1546). By permission of the British Library. (Maps K.Top.5.1.) 9 Baptista Boazio, Irelande (1599). By permission of the British Library. (Maps C.2.cc.1.) 10 John Goghe, Hibernia (1567). Public Record Office, Kew. (MPF 68.) 11 John Speed, Kingdome of Irland (1611). By permission of the British Library. (Maps C.7.c.20.) 12 Richard Bartlett: map of Moyry Pass (1602/3). National Library of Ireland. (Ms. 2656.) 13 Richard Bartlett: map of Dungannon Castle and Tullaghoge (1602/3). National Library of Ireland. (Ms. 2656.) 14 Thomas Raven: the county of Londonderry (1622). Public Record Office Northern Ireland. (T/510/1.) 15 Thomas Raven: the Vintners’ lands (1622). Public Record Office Northern Ireland. (T/510/1.) 16 Thomas Raven: the Vintners’ buildings at Balleaghe (1622). Public Record Office Northern Ireland. (T/510/1.) ix