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Doc 9880-AN/466 PART III         MANUAL ON DETAILED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE  AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (ATN) using  ISO/OSI standards and protocols      PART III – INTERNET COMMUNICATION SERVICE, INCLUDING UPPER LAYER  COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE    1st edition (unedited)  NOTICE TO USERS      This document is an unedited advance version of an ICAO publication as  approved, in principle, by the Secretary General, which is rendered  available to the public for convenience. The final edited version may still  undergo alterations in the process of editing. Consequently, ICAO accepts  no responsibility or liability of any kind should the final text of this  publication be at variance from that appearing here.  Advance edition (unedited) Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-2 Foreword This manual replaces the “Manual of technical provisions for the Aeroanutical Telecommunication Network (ATN)”, Doc. 9705 – third edition. Amendments to Doc. 9705 are incorporated. These amendments were necessary as a result of ongoing validation, and operational experience gained during implementation of elements of the ATN. These amendments were reviewed at the ACP Working Group of the Whole #1 meeting in June 2005 and further updated at the ACP Working Group N/06 meeting held in July 2006. Relevant background material is available in the reports of these meetings, which can be accessed at www.icao.int/anb/panels/acp. The different parts of this manual will be published as and when the relevant sub-volumes of Doc 9705 have been updated and completed. This manual contains the detailed technical specifications for the ATN, based on relevant standards and protocols established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). A separate manual, addressing detailed technical specifications for the ATN, based on standards developed by the Internet Society (ISOC) for the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) is in preparation, together with draft Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) for the ATN/IPS. Where necessary and to avoid duplication of essential material, the IPS manual will refer to this manual, as required. This manual will be published in the following parts: Part I Air-ground applications (Doc 9705/Sub-Volume II) Part II Ground-ground applications (Doc 9705/Sub-Volume III) Part III Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service (Doc 9705/Sub-Volumes IV and V) Part IV Directory service, security services, systems management, Identifier registration and definitions. (Doc 9705/Sub-Volumes I, VI, VII, VIII and IX). With the publication of each part of this manual, the relevant Sub-Volumes of Doc 9705 will become obsolete. Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-3 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Part III of this manual replaces and updates Sub-Volumes IV and V of the ICAO Manual of Technical Provisions for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) (Doc 9705). It includes amendments to the third edition to Doc 9705. 1.2 Included in this manual are provisions for Chapter 2 Upper layer communications service (ULCS) Chapter 3 Internet communications service (ICS) 1.3 Upper layer communications service (ULCS) 1.3.1 The Upper layer communications service (ULCS) allows ATN applications to specify their peer to peer communication requirements by use of the common abstract ATN Dialogue Service. It specifies the protocols necessary to establish an association between peer application entities, to encode and transfer data, and to perform an orderly or abrupt release of the association. It includes optional provisions enabling strong cryptographic mechanisms for authentication and message integrity assurance to be used. It specifies a minimal profile of the OSI Session and Presentation layers. It also includes application naming and addressing provisions. 1.4 Internet communications service (ICS) (to be developed) 1.5 Definitions Throughout this document, references to the ATN Priority Table are references to Table 1-2 “Mapping of ATN communication priorities” in Doc 9705 Sub-Volume I. References to the ATN ICS Technical Provisions are references to Doc 9705 Sub-Volume V, until such time as Chapter 3 of this part of Doc 9880 is available. Note: For other definitions, see Doc 9705, Sub-Volume I Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-4   Chapter 2   Upper Layer Communications Service (ULCS)        (See mapping table for conversion of current   paragraph numbers of Doc 9705 – 3rd edition into   paragraph numbers of Doc 9880) Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-5   Chapter 2  Upper Layer Communications Service (ULCS)    2.1 INTRODUCTION  2.1.1 This Chapter contains the following paragraphs:   2.1:  INTRODUCTION  contains  the  purpose  and  structure  of  the  ULCS  Specification, and a background to the functionality defined herein.  2.2:  DIALOGUE SERVICE DESCRIPTION describes the abstract service which is  defined  for  application  specifications  to  refer  to  in  order  to  provide  a  common  connection‐oriented communications service.  2.3:  APPLICATION ENTITY (AE) DESCRIPTION describes the AE and specifies  the Control Function (CF) which co‐ordinates the operation of the various Application  Service Elements (ASEs).  It also describes the names which are assigned to various  upper layer entities.  2.4:  SESSION LAYER REQUIREMENTS describes the requirements for the OSI  Session Layer, in the form of a Profile Requirements List (PRL).  2.5:  PRESENTATION LAYER REQUIREMENTS describes the requirements for  the OSI Presentation Layer, in the form of a PRL.  2.6:  ACSE  SPECIFICATION  describes  the  requirements  for  the  Association  Control Service Element (ACSE).  2.7:  CONNECTIONLESS DIALOGUE SERVICE AND PROFILE is a placeholder for  a connectionless service that is not currently needed by by any application in Doc 9880  Part I or II.  2.8:  SECURITY  APPLICATION  SERVICE  OBJECT  DESCRIPTION  describes  the  Security ASO, which may be used to provide a secured dialogue service.  2.9:  GENERIC  ATN  COMMUNICATION  SERVICE  (GACS)  SPECIFICATION  is  a  placeholder for a generic communication service that is not currently needed by any  application in Doc 9880 Part I or II.  2.10  ATN MESSAGE INTEGRITY CHECK ALGORITHM Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-6 2.1.2 Scope and Objectives   2.1.2.1 The ATN Upper Layer (UL) specification defines the Dialogue Service (DS)  used by certain ATN applications. This specification is designed to optimise the use of  communications bandwidth, and consequently restricts the functionality available from  the OSI Session and Presentation layers.  2.1.2.2 The  ATN  requirements  are  addressed  for  Session  Layer  (Layer  5),  Presentation Layer (Layer 6), and a part of the Application Layer (Layer 7) of the OSI  reference  model.    Figure  2.1‐1  shows  a  conceptual  view  of  the  scope  of  the  UL  communications service.  The remaining part of the Application Layer is the province of  the individual ATN applications.    Application Layer 7 Scope of UL Communications Presentation Service Layer 6 Session Layer 5 ATN Internet Communications Service   Figure 2.1‐1. Conceptual view of the scope  of the UL Communications Service  2.1.2.3 The specification of the UL communications service includes a profile for  the protocols in the upper layers, an AE structure and a number of common application  services.  2.1.3 Background   2.1.3.1 The communication aspects of the ATN applications are modelled as  Application Entities (AEs) (see 2.1.4.2).  Figure 2.1‐2 illustrates an example of the  application layer structure for the ATN applications. Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-7 Application Layer CM AE ADS-C AE CPDLC FIS ICC other AE AE (ATIS) (AIDC) AE AE Figure 2.1‐2. Conceptual view of Application Layer    2.1.4 Upper Layer Functionality   2.1.4.1 Upper Layer Profile Overview  2.1.4.1.1 A profile is specified for the connection‐oriented protocols of Session  layer, Presentation layer and the Association Control Service Element (ACSE).  2.1.4.1.2 The Session portion of the specified profile is based on the efficiency  enhancements to the Session protocol which are standardised in ISO/IEC 8327‐1: 1996  / Amd. 1: 1997 | ITU‐T Rec. X.225 (1995)/Amd.1 (1997).  2.1.4.1.3 The  Presentation  portion  of  the  specified  profile  is  based  on  the  efficiency  enhancements  to  the  Presentation  protocol  which  are  standardised  in  ISO/IEC 8823‐1: 1994 / Amd. 1: 1997 | ITU‐T Rec. X.226 (1994)/Amd.1 (1997).  2.1.4.1.4 As  a  consequence  of  using  the  Session  and  Presentation  protocol  efficiency  enhancements,  the  protocol  control  information  transferred  by  these  protocols amounts to two octets in each direction during the connection establishment  phase, and zero octets at all other times.  2.1.4.1.5 The ACSE portion of the specified profile is based on ISO/IEC 8650‐1 |  ITU‐T Rec. X.227 (1994), including the extensibility notation as specified as Amendment  1 to that standard.    2.1.4.2 Application Entity (AE) Structure  2.1.4.2.1 The specified AE structure is based on the application layer structure  defined in ISO/IEC 9545 | ITU‐T Rec. X.207 (1993), where the concepts of Application  Service Element (ASE), Application Service Object (ASO) and Control Function (CF) are  defined.  2.1.4.2.2 Figure  2.1‐3  shows  the  generic  structure  of  an  AE  with  arrows  representing the abstract service boundaries of the various elements.  The “upper”  service boundary is the abstract service provided by an ASE to its user(s).  The “lower”  service boundary is the abstract service which is provided to the ASE by the CF. Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-8 AE CF ASO/ASE ASE ASE   Figure 2.1‐3. Generic Application Entity  structure  2.1.4.2.3 The ASE is an element engineered to perform a required task.  ISO/IEC  9545 | ITU‐T Rec. X.207 describes how two or more ASEs may be combined, together  with a CF to co‐ordinate their operation to form an ASO.  In turn, an ASO may be  combined with other ASOs or ASEs with a CF to form larger ASOs.  The AE is the  outermost ASO.    2.1.4.3 Application Services  2.1.4.3.1 For each of the current ATN applications a specific ASE exists, and is  defined in the relevant ATN Application specification.  The generic name “ATN‐App  ASE” is used for these specific ASEs.  2.1.4.3.2 Various abstract services are specified.  The services are provided at  abstract  service  boundaries.    The  abstract  service  provided  by  the  AE  to  the  Application‐user (i.e. the service provided at the upper boundary of the AE) is specified  in 2.3.  In the AE structure specified here, this service is a pass‐through to the ATN‐App  ASE.  2.1.4.3.3 Figure 2.1‐4 shows the AE structure which is used to model the ATN  applications.  This is described in detail in 2.3.  2.1.4.3.4 The Dialogue Service (DS) as defined in 2.2 is the abstract service which  the ATN‐App ASEs use to interact with the ULCS.  That is, the DS is the combination of  specific internal primitives made available by the CF at the lower boundary of the ATN  ASE/ASO ‐ it is the application’s “world view”.  In order to provide this service, the CF  uses the services of ACSE. Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-9 ATN-App AE CF ATN- ACSE App ASE Security ASO   Figure 2.1‐4. ATN‐specific AE structure  2.1.5 Conventions  2.1.5.1 In the tables of service primitives throughout this ULCS specification, the  presence of each parameter is described by one of the following values:  blank    not present;  C    conditional upon some predicate explained in the text;  C(=)    conditional upon the value of the parameter to the immediate  left being present, and equal to that value;  M    mandatory;  M(=)    mandatory,  and  equal  to  the  value  of  the  parameter  to  the  immediate left;  U    user option.  2.1.5.2 The following abbreviations are used in the various service descriptions  and protocol tables:  Req    request; an invocation of a service primitive initiated from the  user  of  an  abstract  service  and  submitted  to  the  service  for  action;  Ind    indication; an invocation of a service primitive delivered from the  abstract service to a user of the service;  Rsp    response; an invocation of a service primitive submitted by the  user of an abstract service in response to a previous indication, in  the case of a confirmed service.  Cnf    confirmation; an invocation of a service primitive delivered from  the abstract service to a user of the service, which confirms that  a previous request primitive from that user has been acted upon  by the service, in the case of a confirmed service. Manual on detailed technical specifications for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network using ISO/OSI Standards — Part III: Internet communications service, including upper layer communications service III-10 2.1.5.3 An unconfirmed service allows a single data transfer, in one direction,  without the semantics of a response in the opposite direction.  2.1.5.4 A  confirmed  service  provides  confirmation  to  a  service  user  of  the  outcome of an invocation of that service, for example that a data transfer initiated by  that user was delivered to its peer user.  2.1.5.5 An abstract service is a syntactical description of a parameter which  does not imply a specific implementation.    2.2 DIALOGUE SERVICE DESCRIPTION  2.2.1 Scope of Dialogue Service   2.2.1.1 Implementations of the ATN‐App ASE, together with the UL elements  which provide the Dialogue Service (DS), shall exhibit the behaviour defined in this  abstract service definition.  2.2.1.1.1  The Dialogue Service is the abstract service which is used by an ATN‐App ASE  at its lower service boundary.  There is no requirement to implement the DS in any  product.    ATN  end  systems  will  in  general  be  designed  in  such  a  way  that  it  is  impossible to detect (from external access) whether or not an interface corresponding  to the DS has been built.  2.2.1.1.2 The DS is described from the viewpoint of the ATN‐App ASE, using abstract  service definition conventions. The abstract service definition is a descriptive technique  used  to  specify  the  behaviour  exhibited  by  part  of  the  ATN  application  layer.   Specifications of application service elements (ASEs), such as the specifications of ADS‐ C, CPDLC, CM and ATIS, may include common functionality by reference to the DS.  The  DS allows ATN‐App ASEs to be specified without the need to consider some of the  complexities of some aspects of the underlying communications.  2.2.1.1.3 The DS supports a communication relationship between two peers for a  duration  which  exists  until  the  peers  agree  to  terminate  the  relationship  or  the  relationship is aborted.    2.2.1.1.4 The DS defines a service which may be used to support an ATN‐App ASE at its  “lower” service boundary.  Such an ASE is denoted a DS‐User.   The DS‐User can be  specified to use the DS in a variety of ways that can be defined in terms of reliability  characteristics.  A number of user‐visible service levels can thus be offered, including  for example the following:  a)  An  unconfirmed  service,  which  allows  individual  messages  to  be  transmitted after a dialogue has been set up.  b)  A  confirmed  service,  which  provides  end‐to‐end  confirmation  that  a  message sent by one DS‐User was received and acknowledged by the  peer DS‐User.  2.2.1.1.5  An  implementation  of  the  DS  provider  will  typically  be  responsible  for  detection of errors such as:

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