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You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: Manual of Gardening (Second Edition) Author: L. H. Bailey Release Date: December, 2005 [EBook #9550] [This file was first posted on October 8, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: iso-8859-1 *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, MANUAL OF GARDENING (SECOND EDITION) *** E-text prepared by Steve Schulze and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders Next--> MANUAL OF GARDENING A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE MAKING OF HOME GROUNDS AND THE GROWING OF FLOWERS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES FOR HOME USE BY L. H. BAILEY SECOND EDITION 1910 EXPLANATION It has been my desire to reconstruct the two books, "Garden-Making" and "Practical Garden-Book"; but inasmuch as these books have found a constituency in their present form, it has seemed best to let them stand as they are and to continue their publication as long as the demand maintains itself, and to prepare a new work on gardening. This new work I now offer as "A Manual of Gardening." It is a combination and revision of the main parts of the other two books, together with much new material and the results of the experience of ten added years. A book of this kind cannot be drawn wholly from one's own practice, unless it is designed to have a very restricted and local application. Many of the best suggestions in such a book will have come from correspondents, questioners, and those who enjoy talking about gardens; and my situation has been such that these communications have come to me freely. I have always tried, however, to test all such suggestions by experience and to make them my own before offering them to my reader. I must express my special obligation to those persons who collaborated in the preparation of the other two books, and whose contributions have been freely used in this one: to C.E. Hunn, a gardener of long experience; Professor Ernest Walker, reared as a commercial florist; Professor L.R. Taft and Professor F.A. Waugh, well known for their studies and writings in horticultural subjects. In making this book, I have had constantly in mind the home-maker himself or herself rather than the professional gardener. It is of the greatest importance that we attach many persons to the land; and I am convinced that an interest in gardening will naturally take the place of many desires that are much more difficult to gratify, and that lie beyond the reach of the average man or woman. It has been my good fortune to have seen amateur and commercial gardening in all parts of the United States, and I have tried to express something of this generality in the book; yet my experience, as well as that of my original collaborators, is of the northeastern states, and the book is therefore necessarily written from this region as a base. One gardening book cannot be made to apply in its practice in all parts of the United States and Canada unless its instructions are so general as to be practically useless; but the principles and points of view may have wider application. While I have tried to give only the soundest and most tested advice, I cannot hope to have escaped errors and shortcomings, and I shall be grateful to my reader if he will advise me of mistakes or faults that he may discover. I shall expect to use such information in the making of subsequent editions. Of course an author cannot hold himself responsible for failures that his reader may suffer. The statements in a book of this kind are in the nature of advice, and it may or it may not apply in particular conditions, and the success or failure is the result mostly of the judgment and carefulness of the operator. I hope that no reader of a gardening book will ever conceive the idea that reading a book and following it literally will make him a gardener. He must always assume his own risks, and this will be the first step in his personal progress. I should explain that the botanical nomenclature of this book is that of the "Cyclopedia of American Horticulture," unless otherwise stated. The exceptions are the "trade names," or those used by nurserymen and seedsmen in the sale of their stock. I should further explain the reason for omitting ligatures and using such words as peony, spirea, dracena, cobea. As technical Latin formularies, the compounds must of course be retained, as in Pæonia officinalis, Spiræa Thunbergi, Dracæna fragrans, Cobœa scandens; but as Anglicized words of common speech it is time to follow the custom of general literature, in which the combinations æ and œ have disappeared. This simplification was begun in the "Cyclopedia of American Horticulture" and has been continued in other writings. L. H. BAILEY. ITHACA, NEW YORK, January 20, 1910. CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE POINT OF VIEW What a garden is CHAPTER II THE GENERAL PLAN OR THEORY OF THE PLACE The plan of the grounds The picture in the landscape Birds; and cats The planting is part of the design or picture The flower-growing should be part of the design Defects in flower-growing Lawn flower-beds Flower-borders The old-fashioned garden Contents of the flower-borders The value of plants may lie in foliage and form rather than in bloom Odd and formal trees Poplars and the like Plant-forms Various specific examples An example Another example A third example A small back yard A city lot General remarks Review CHAPTER III EXECUTION OF SOME OF THE LANDSCAPE FEATURES The grading The terrace The bounding lines Walks and drives The question of drainage, curbing, and gutters The materials Making the borders Making the lawn Preparing the ground The kind of grass When and how to sow the seed Securing a firm sod The mowing Fall treatment Spring treatment Watering lawns Sodding the lawn A combination of sodding and seeding Sowing with sod Other ground covers CHAPTER IV THE HANDLING OF THE LAND The draining of the land Trenching and subsoiling Preparation of the surface The saving of moisture Hand tools for weeding and subsequent tillage and other hand work The hoe Scarifiers Hand-weeders Trowels and their kind Rollers Markers Enriching the land CHAPTER V THE HANDLING OF THE PLANTS Sowing the seeds Propagating by cuttings Dormant stem-cuttings Cuttings of roots Green cuttings Cuttings of leaves General treatment Transplanting young seedlings Transplanting established plants and trees Tub-plants When to transplant Depth to transplant Making the rows straight Cutting-back; filling Removing very large trees Winter protection of plants Pruning Tree surgery and protection Tree guards Mice and rabbits Girdled trees Repairing street trees The grafting of plants Keeping records of the plantation The storing of fruits and vegetables The forcing of plants Coldframes Hotbeds Management of hotbeds CHAPTER VI PROTECTING PLANTS FROM THINGS THAT PREY ON THEM Screens and covers Fumigating Soaking tubers and seeds Spraying Insecticide spraying formulas Fungicide spraying formulas Treatment for some of the common insects Treatment for some of the common plant diseases CHAPTER VII THE GROWING OF THE ORNAMENTAL PLANTS--THE CLASSES OF PLANTS, AND LISTS Planting for immediate effect The use of "foliage" trees and shrubs Windbreaks and screens The making of hedges The borders The flower-beds Bedding effects Plants for subtropical effects Aquatic and bog plants Rockeries and alpine plants 1. PLANTS FOR CARPET-BEDS Lists for carpet-beds 2. THE ANNUAL PLANTS List of annuals by color of flowers Useful annuals for edgings of beds and walks, and for ribbon-beds Annuals that continue to bloom after frost List of annuals suitable for bedding (that is, for "mass-effects" of color) List of annuals by height Distances for planting annuals 3. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS Perennial herbs suitable for lawn and "planting" effects A brief seasonal flower-garden or border list of herbaceous perennials One hundred extra-hardy perennial herbs 4. BULBS AND TUBERS Fall-planted bulbs List of outdoor fall-planted bulbs for the North Winter bulbs Summer bulbs 5. THE SHRUBBERY List of shrubbery plants for the North Shrubs for the South 6. CLIMBING PLANTS Annual herbaceous climbers Perennial herbaceous climbers Woody perennial climbers Climbing roses 7. TREES FOR LAWNS AND STREETS List of hardy deciduous trees for the North Non-coniferous trees for the South 8. CONIFEROUS EVERGREEN SHRUBS AND TREES List of shrubby conifers Arboreous conifers Conifers for the South 9. WINDOW-GARDENS The window-box for outside effect The inside window-garden, or "house plants" Bulbs in the window-garden Watering house plants Hanging baskets Aquarium CHAPTER VIII THE GROWING OF THE ORNAMENTAL PLANTS--INSTRUCTIONS OF PARTICULAR KINDS Abutilons; agapanthus; alstremeria; amaryllis; anemone; aralia; araucaria; auricula; azaleas; begonias; cactus; caladium; calceolaria; calla; camellias; cannas; carnations; century plants; chrysanthemums; cineraria; clematis; coleus; crocus; croton; cyclamen; dahlia; ferns; freesia; fuchsia; geranium; gladiolus; gloxinia; grevillea; hollyhocks; hyacinths; iris; lily; lily-of-the-valley; mignonette; moon-flowers; narcissus; oleander; oxalis; palms; pandanus; pansy; pelargonium; peony; phlox; primulas; rhododendrons; rose; smilax; stocks; sweet pea; swainsona; tuberose; tulips; violet; wax plant. CHAPTER IX THE GROWING OF THE FRUIT PLANTS Dwarf fruit-trees Age and size of trees Pruning Thinning the fruit Washing and scrubbing the trees Gathering and keeping fruit Almond; apples; apricot; blackberry; cherry; cranberry; currant; dewberry; fig; gooseberry; grape; mulberry; nuts; orange; peach; pear; plum; quince; raspberry; strawberry; CHAPTER X THE GROWING OF THE VEGETABLE PLANTS Vegetables for six The classes of vegetables The culture of the leading vegetables Asparagus; artichoke; artichoke; Jerusalem; bean; beet; broccoli; brussels sprouts; cabbage; carrot; cauliflower; celeriac; celery; chard; chicory; chervil; chives; collards; corn salad; corn; cress; cucumber; dandelion; egg-plant; endive; garlic; horseradish; kale; kohlrabi; leek; lettuce; mushroom; mustard; muskmelon; okra; onion; parsley; parsnip; pea; pepper; potato; radish; rhubarb; salsify; sea-kale; sorrel; spearmint; spinach; squash; sweet-potato; tomato; turnips and rutabagas; watermelon. CHAPTER XI SEASONAL REMINDERS For the North For the South INDEX LIST OF PLATES PLATE I. The open center. II. The plan of the place. III. Open-center treatment in a semi-tropical country. IV. Subtropical bedding against a building. Caladiums, cannas, abutilons, permanent rhododendrons, and other large stuff, with tuberous begonias and balsams between. V. A subtropical bed. Center of cannas, with border of Pennisetum longistylum (a grass) started in late February or early March. VI. A tree that gives character to a place. VII. Bedding with palms. If a bricked-up pit is made about the porch, pot palms may be plunged in it in spring and tub conifers in winter; and fall bulbs in tin cans (so that the receptacles will not split with frost) may be plunged among the evergreens. VIII. A well-planted entrance. Common trees and bushes, with Boston ivy. on the post, and Berberis Thunbergii in front. IX. A rocky bank covered with permanent informal planting. X. A shallow lawn pond, containing water-lilies, variegated sweet flag, iris, and subtropical bedding at the rear; fountain covered with parrot's feather (Myriophyllum proserpinacoides). XI. A back yard with summer house, and gardens beyond. XII. A back yard with heavy flower-garden planting. XIII. The pageant of summer. Gardens of C.W. Dowdeswell, England, from a painting by Miss Parsons. XIV. Virginia creeper screen, on an old fence, with wall-flowers and hollyhocks in front. XV. Scuppernong grape, the arbor vine of the South. This plate shows the noted scuppernongs on Roanoke Island, of which the origin is unknown, but which were of great size more than one hundred years ago. XVI. A flower-garden of China asters, with border of one of the dusty millers (Centaurea). XVII. The peony. One of the most steadfast of garden flowers. XVIII. Cornflower or bachelor's button. Centaurea Cyanus. XIX. Pyracantha in fruit. One of the best ornamental-fruited plants for the middle and milder latitudes. XX. A simple but effective window-box, containing geraniums, petunias, verbenas, heliotrope, and vines. XXI. The king of fruits. Newtown as grown in the Pacific country. XXII. Wall-training of a pear tree. XXIII. Cherry currant. XXIV. Golden Bantam sweet corn. XXV. The garden radish, grown in fall, of the usual spring sorts. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, MANUAL OF GARDENING (SECOND EDITION) *** This file should be named 8mgrd10h.htm or 8mgrd10h.zip Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, 8mgrd11h.htm VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, 8mgrd10ah.htm Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we usually do not keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. 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