(cid:68)(cid:111)(cid:99)(cid:32)(cid:56)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:54) (cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:47)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:51) (cid:77)(cid:97)(cid:110)(cid:117)(cid:97)(cid:108)(cid:32)(cid:111)(cid:102)(cid:32)(cid:65)(cid:101)(cid:114)(cid:111)(cid:110)(cid:97)(cid:117)(cid:116)(cid:105)(cid:99)(cid:97)(cid:108) (cid:77)(cid:101)(cid:116)(cid:101)(cid:111)(cid:114)(cid:111)(cid:108)(cid:111)(cid:103)(cid:105)(cid:99)(cid:97)(cid:108)(cid:32)(cid:80)(cid:114)(cid:97)(cid:99)(cid:116)(cid:105)(cid:99)(cid:101) --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- (cid:65)(cid:112)(cid:112)(cid:114)(cid:111)(cid:118)(cid:101)(cid:100)(cid:32)(cid:98)(cid:121)(cid:32)(cid:116)(cid:104)(cid:101)(cid:32)(cid:83)(cid:101)(cid:99)(cid:114)(cid:101)(cid:116)(cid:97)(cid:114)(cid:121)(cid:32)(cid:71)(cid:101)(cid:110)(cid:101)(cid:114)(cid:97)(cid:108) (cid:97)(cid:110)(cid:100)(cid:32)(cid:112)(cid:117)(cid:98)(cid:108)(cid:105)(cid:115)(cid:104)(cid:101)(cid:100)(cid:32)(cid:117)(cid:110)(cid:100)(cid:101)(cid:114)(cid:32)(cid:104)(cid:105)(cid:115)(cid:32)(cid:97)(cid:117)(cid:116)(cid:104)(cid:111)(cid:114)(cid:105)(cid:116)(cid:121) (cid:78)(cid:105)(cid:110)(cid:116)(cid:104)(cid:32)(cid:69)(cid:100)(cid:105)(cid:116)(cid:105)(cid:111)(cid:110)(cid:32)(cid:8212)(cid:32)(cid:50)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:49) (cid:73)(cid:110)(cid:116)(cid:101)(cid:114)(cid:110)(cid:97)(cid:116)(cid:105)(cid:111)(cid:110)(cid:97)(cid:108)(cid:32)(cid:67)(cid:105)(cid:118)(cid:105)(cid:108)(cid:32)(cid:65)(cid:118)(cid:105)(cid:97)(cid:116)(cid:105)(cid:111)(cid:110)(cid:32)(cid:79)(cid:114)(cid:103)(cid:97)(cid:110)(cid:105)(cid:122)(cid:97)(cid:116)(cid:105)(cid:111)(cid:110) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)(cid:6) --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale Doc 8896 AN/893 Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Approvedby the Secretary General andpublishedunder his authority NinthEdition—2011 International Civil Aviation Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int Seventh edition 2006 Eighth edition 2008 Ninth edition 2011 ICAO Doc 8896, Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice Order Number: 8896 ISBN 978-92-9231-828-4 © ICAO 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA No. Date Entered by No. Date Entered by --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:5)(cid:6) --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale FOREWORD 1. The first edition of the Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice, published in response to recommendations made by the Meteorology and Operations Divisional Meeting1 (Paris, 1964), was intended as a guide for use by pilots and other aeronautical personnel on meteorological procedures, codes, symbols and abbreviations. It a t elsrmo i2cn.oo nl o tAagi yn sereedcc aoo nmmdmu leetindlinidtigeoudna bl wyli sathts eo fpE treiegrphmathsre Aadni rd iNn p ah1vri9ag7sa7eti so tnco o Cmroemnflfeoecnrtel,y n cuines eapdna dirnt i tcmhueela tMre,oe rtteoholeor gomilcoaagnly by D riecivhfiisnaignosgn.ea sl Mine eptinrogc2e (d1u9r7e4s) . and --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 3. As demand for the manual continued to grow and because further important changes to meteorological procedures had taken place, particularly in connection with the recommendations for the establishment of a world area forecast system (WAFS) made by the Communications/Meteorology Divisional Meeting3 (Montréal, 1982), a third edition was prepared. That edition was rewritten aiming to meet the needs of operational aeronautical meteorologists, particularly those at the working level, as well as the needs of pilots and other aeronautical personnel. 4. As a consequence of an extensive amendment proposal to Annex 3 — Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation developed by the Communications/Meteorology/Operations (COM/MET/OPS) Divisional Meeting4 (1990) including, in particular, provisions regarding the transition to the final phase of the WAFS, aerodrome observations, reports and forecasts, SIGMET information, etc., a fourth edition of the manual was published. In order to continue to meet users’ requirements, however, the structure of the manual was not changed. 5. The fifth edition was the direct result of Amendment 70 to Annex 3, applicable from 1 January 1996, which constituted a comprehensive update of the provisions, in particular, those related to air-reporting and the observation and reporting of wind shear. In addition, new provisions concerning information on weather phenomena hazardous to low-level flights (AIRMET and GAMET messages) were introduced. However, the basic structure of the manual was maintained. 6. The sixth edition reflected the substantial changes made to Annex 3 in Amendments 71 and 72. 7. The seventh edition took account of the substantial changes which were introduced in Annex 3 through Amendment 73, which was developed by the Meteorological Divisional Meeting (2002)5 and became applicable in November 2004. In view of the fact that all of the technical specifications and templates had been regrouped in Part II of Annex 3 by subject matter, it was no longer considered necessary to reproduce these templates in this manual. Furthermore, material related to coordination between aeronautical meteorological services and ATS, SAR and AIS units was eliminated since these issues were extensively covered in the Manual on Coordination between Air Traffic Services, Aeronautical Information Services and Aeronautical Meteorological Services (Doc 9377). 8. The eighth edition incorporated all the changes included in Amendment 74 to Annex 3. Furthermore, explanations of the terms “MET authority”, “MET inspectorate”, “MET regulator” and “MET service provider” were 1. Held conjointly with the Third Session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) of the WMO. 2. Held, in part, conjointly with the Extraordinary Session (1974) of the body mentioned in Note 1. 3. Held conjointly with the Seventh Session of the body mentioned in Note 1. 4. Held conjointly with the Ninth Session of the body mentioned in Note 1. 5. Held conjointly with the Twelfth Session of the body mentioned in Note 1. (v) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale (vi) Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice introduced; guidance related to issuance of SIGMET was expanded; and the chapter related to meteorological service for operators and flight crew members was re-organized and clarified. 9. This ninth edition reflects the substantial changes made to Annex 3 in Amendment 75. 10. The body of the manual is based primarily on Annex 3, summarized and enlarged upon, where necessary. The appendices provide information on other subjects such as location of instruments at aerodromes and use of meteorological information by flight operations officers. 11. It should be stressed that the material in this manual is intended for guidance only. It is not intended to replace relevant national instructions or explanatory material, nor is it intended to cover the many non-aeronautical uses of meteorological information. Nothing in this manual should be taken as contradicting or conflicting with Annex 3 provisions or any other Standards, Recommended Practices, procedures or guidance material published by ICAO or WMO. It should also be noted that in this manual the words “shall” or “should” are not used in a regulatory sense as in ICAO or WMO regulatory documents. ___________________ --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1. Meteorological Service for International Aviation ........................................................................ 1-1 1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Meteorological offices .......................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 MWOs ................................................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.4 Meteorological stations ........................................................................................................................ 1-3 1.5 WAFCs ................................................................................................................................................ 1-3 1.6 TCACs ................................................................................................................................................. 1-4 1.7 VAACs ................................................................................................................................................. 1-4 1.8 State volcano observatories ................................................................................................................ 1-4 Chapter 2. Meteorological Observations and Reports .................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Aerodrome observations and reports .................................................................................................. 2-1 2.3 Routine reports .................................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.4 Special reports .................................................................................................................................... 2-22 2.5 Reports of volcanic activity .................................................................................................................. 2-24 2.6 Basic meteorological data ................................................................................................................... 2-25 Chapter 3. Forecasts ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Accuracy of aeronautical meteorological forecasts ............................................................................. 3-1 3.3 Types of aeronautical meteorological forecasts .................................................................................. 3-1 3.4 TAF ...................................................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.5 Trend forecasts ................................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.6 Forecasts for take-off........................................................................................................................... 3-11 3.7 Forecasts of en-route conditions — general ........................................................................................ 3-12 Chapter 4. SIGMET Information, Tropical Cyclone and Volcanic Ash Advisory Information, AIRMET Information, Aerodrome Warnings and Wind Shear Warnings and Alerts ............................................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 SIGMET information ............................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.3 Tropical cyclone and volcanic ash advisory information ...................................................................... 4-5 4.4 AIRMET information ............................................................................................................................ 4-8 4.5 Aerodrome warnings ........................................................................................................................... 4-10 4.6 Wind shear warnings and alerts .......................................................................................................... 4-11 (vii) --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale (viii) Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice Page Chapter 5. Meteorological Service for Operators and Flight Crew Members ............................................... 5-1 5.1 General provisions .............................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Briefing, consultation and display ........................................................................................................ 5-4 5.3 Flight documentation ........................................................................................................................... 5-5 5.4 Automated pre-flight information systems ........................................................................................... 5-7 5.5 Information for aircraft in flight ............................................................................................................. 5-8 Chapter 6. Dissemination of OPMET Information ........................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 Dissemination of OPMET information on the AFTN ............................................................................ 6-1 6.3 Dissemination of OPMET information on the AFS satellite broadcasts ............................................... 6-3 6.4 Dissemination of OPMET information on the Internet ......................................................................... 6-4 6.5 Interrogation procedures for international OPMET databanks ............................................................. 6-4 6.6 Dissemination of OPMET information to aircraft in flight ..................................................................... 6-5 Chapter 7. Aircraft Observations and Reports. ............................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Reporting of aircraft observations during flight .................................................................................... 7-1 7.3 Routine aircraft observations ............................................................................................................... 7-1 7.4 Special and other non-routine aircraft observations ............................................................................ 7-2 7.5 Content of air-reports ........................................................................................................................... 7-4 7.6 Criteria for reporting meteorological and related parameters in automated air-reports .......................................................................................................................... 7-6 7.7 Exchange of air-reports ....................................................................................................................... 7-6 7.8 Recording and post-flight reporting of aircraft observations of volcanic activity ................................... 7-7 7.9 Detailed instructions concerning the content of special air-reports received by voice communication by MWOs...................................................................................................... 7-8 C C hhaapptteerr 89.. RAeerleovnaanutt iDcoalc Cumlimenattso. l.o..g..i.c..a..l. .I.n..f..o..r.m...a..t.i.o...n.. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 89--11 --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 9.1 ICAO documents of a specifically meteorological nature ..................................................................... 9-1 9.2 Other ICAO documents ....................................................................................................................... 9-3 9.3 WMO documents ................................................................................................................................. 9-5 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1. Information on the world area forecast system (WAFS) .......................................................... A1-1 Appendix 2. Location of instruments at aerodromes ..................................................................................... A2-1 Appendix 3. Reporting of prevailing visibility using fully automatic observing systems ........................... A3-1 Appendix 4. Criteria for trend forecasts .......................................................................................................... A4-1 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale