Mandibular Implant Prostheses Guidelines for Edentulous Geriatric Populations Elham Emami Jocelyne Feine Editors 123 Mandibular Implant Prostheses Elham Emami · Jocelyne Feine Editors Mandibular Implant Prostheses Guidelines for Edentulous Geriatric Populations Editors Elham Emami Jocelyne Feine Faculty of Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry McGill University McGill University Montréal Montréal Québec Québec Canada Canada Faculty of Dentistry Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada ISBN 978-3-319-71179-9 ISBN 978-3-319-71181-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71181-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934959 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface One of the greatest challenges for oral health-care professionals is to provide a denture that is acceptable to completely edentate individuals. This task becomes even more difficult when treating elderly patients. The geriatric population worldwide is increasing at a significant rate, thereby creating more demand for implant prostheses from our seniors. This population may also suffer from other physical and psychological conditions or multiple chronic diseases that necessitate a comprehensive risk assessment and effective health and oral health-care management. In the past two decades, implant technology development has produced key solutions for the management of care for patients with maladaptive issues with their dentures, especially with the mandibular denture. Mandibular implant overdentures have improved the quality of life of many patients by offering them better functional capability, stability, and comfort. For this book, we gathered a number of internationally recognized dental specialists and scientists to share their expertise and experience with man- dibular implant overdentures for the geriatric population. The book can be used both in academia for teaching purposes and in daily clinical practice. The principles have been classified into four parts: considerations for treatment planning, surgical phase, prosthetic phase, and treatment assess- ment—clinician and patient perspectives. The sequence of the parts is designed in such a way that practicing dentists and dental undergraduate and postgraduate students can use this book to understand when mandibular implant prostheses are needed and to identify various physiologic and psy- chosocial characteristics of elders that should be considered during treatment planning. The book will also bring readers up to date on the clinical tech- niques needed for a successful mandibular implant-assisted overdenture and help them to avoid the mistakes that can occur during the surgical and pros- thetic phases. Dentists can also plan to maintain the functionality of such prostheses as long as possible, considering both patient-based and clinical evidence regarding important outcomes. In some chapters, pictures, illustra- tions and graphics have been used to help readers better understand the prin- ciples and the methods. We are grateful to our book’s co-authors for accepting our invitation and joining in this scientific journey. We thank and congratulate all of them for their unique and precious contributions to this book. We also thank their—and our—families for their forbearance and enthusiastic support. v vi Preface We wish to thank Springer Nature for recognizing the need for such a publication and for their help in the publication process. Finally, we hope that you will enjoy this book as much as we have. Montréal, QC, Canada Elham Emami Fall 2017 Jocelyne Feine Contents Part I Considerations for Treatment Planning 1 Edentulism and the Demise of Dentures: Facts and Fallacies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Lyndon F. Cooper 2 The Aging Body and Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Angus William Gilmour Walls 3 Physical and Cognitive Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Frauke Müller and Martin Schimmel 4 P harmacological Risk Assessment for Dental Implants . . . . . . . . . 37 Xixi Wu and Faleh Tamimi 5 Preoperative Radiological Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Matthieu Schmittbuhl 6 Clinical Assessment of Edentate Elders for Mandibular Implant Overdentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Charlotte Stilwell 7 Prosthetic Options: Fixed and Removable Overdentures . . . . . . . 95 Elham Emami and Pierre-Luc Michaud Part II Surgical Phase 8 Step-by-Step Surgical Considerations and Techniques . . . . . . . . 107 Robert Durand and René Voyer 9 Bone Grafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Zeeshan Sheikh, Siavash Hasanpour, and Michael Glogauer 10 Loading Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Mélanie Menassa and Thomas T. Nguyen Part III Prosthetic Phase 11 Fundamental Surgical and Prosthetic Principles of Mandibular Implant Assisted Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Samer Abi Nader and Samer Mesmar vii viii Contents 12 Case Presentation: Implant Retained Mandibular Prostheses . . . 201 Samer Abi Nader and Samer Mesmar 13 Case Presentation: Implant- Supported Removable Mandibular Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Samer Abi Nader and Meng François Seng 14 Case Presentation: Implant-Supported Fixed Mandibular Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Samer Abi Nader and Samer Mesmar 15 Occlusal Consideration for Mandibular Implant Overdentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Igor J. Pesun Part IV Treatment Assessment: Clinician and Patient Perspectives 16 Clinical Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Raphael F. de Souza 17 Patient-Based Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Janice S. Ellis, Wafa A. A. Kashbour, and J. Mark Thomason Part I Considerations for Treatment Planning 1 Edentulism and the Demise of Dentures: Facts and Fallacies Lyndon F. Cooper Abstract The aim of this chapter is to investigate the The worldwide prevalence of dental caries and reported knowledge regarding the epidemiology periodontal diseases has not diminished. If of complete tooth loss or edentulism and the cur- edentulism is related to these leading causes rent data regarding denture therapy. If there is, as of tooth loss, then it might be anticipated that predicted by epidemiological studies of edentu- the prevalence of edentulism has also not lism and tooth loss, a dramatic decline in the inci- diminished. Beyond biofilm-mediated disease dence in edentulism, then there should be a as a main etiology of tooth loss, the prevalence reduction in the number of dentures provided. of edentulism has been and remains associated Tooth loss is attributed to several causes that with rural dwelling, education level, and are frequently and primarily reported as caries, socioeconomic status. Its prevalence varies periodontal disease, and trauma. Factors associ- across regions and the world. As such, over- ated with edentulism have repeatedly been identi- simplification fails to recognize the significant fied and include age, socioeconomic status, and issues edentulism brings to society and health- urban/rural residence. A complex interaction care professions. The future of edentulism and among these predictors varies among diverse the provision of dentures will be informed by populations [1]. Therapeutic and iatrogenic multiple factors including the increased num- extraction of teeth has also been noted. An early bers of retained yet unrestored and diseased epidemiological report derived from NHANES I teeth, the impact of comorbid diseases, the data stated that the incidence of edentulism was chronicity of oral diseases and increased lon- correlated with baseline measures of lower gevity, and the complex issues of access to income and education status, poorer oral health, care. Edentulism represents one symptom of self-perceptions of poor general health and oral adult health-care disparities that requires edu- health, absence of a regular dentist, and a lower cation, further study, and action. number of remaining teeth at baseline [2]. Implied is the idea that the prevalence of these diagnosis-based causes of tooth loss can precede and predict further tooth loss and edentulism. Suggested was that the loss of teeth was a predic- tor of future total tooth loss or edentulism. L. F. Cooper, D.D.S., Ph.D. Highlighting the level of disease in the early Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at 1990s, Caplan and Weintraub [3] reported that Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA e-mail: [email protected] 40% of individuals older than 65 years were © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 3 E. Emami, J. Feine (eds.), Mandibular Implant Prostheses, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71181-2_1