Contents Cover Series Title Page Copyright Preface PART One: Risk Management Approaches and Systems CHAPTER 1: Business Risk in Banking 1.1 CONCEPT OF RISK 1.2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF RISKS 1.3 CREDIT RISK 1.4 MARKET RISK 1.5 OPERATIONAL RISK 1.6 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT RISK 1.7 REPUTATION RISK 1.8 LEGAL RISK 1.9 MONEY LAUNDERING RISK 1.10 OFFSHORE BANKING RISK 1.11 IMPACT OF RISK 1.12 SUMMARY CHAPTER 2: Control Risk in Banking 2.1 HOW CONTROL RISK ARISES 2.2 EXTERNAL CONTROL AND INTERNAL CONTROL RISKS 2.3 INTERNAL CONTROL OBJECTIVES 2.4 INTERNAL CONTROL FRAMEWORK 2.5 TASKS IN ESTABLISHING A CONTROL FRAMEWORK 2.6 BUSINESS RISK AND CONTROL RISK RELATIONSHIP 2.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 3: Technology Risk in Banking 3.1 WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY RISK? 3.2 RISKS IN ELECTRONIC BANKING 3.3 SOURCES OF TECHNOLOGY RISK 3.4 MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY RISK 3.5 SUMMARY CHAPTER 4: Fundamentals of Risk Management 4.1 RISK MANAGEMENT CONCEPT 4.2 RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH 4.3 RISK IDENTIFICATION APPROACH 4.4 RISK MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE 4.5 RISK MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 4.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5: Risk Management Systems and Processes 5.1 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY 5.2 RISK APPETITE 5.3 RISK LIMITS 5.4 RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 5.5 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM 5.6 VERIFICATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT 5.7 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 5.8 TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT 5.9 CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT 5.10 RISK PRIORITIZATION 5.11 SUMMARY PART Two: Credit Risk Management CHAPTER 6: Credit Problems and Credit Risk 6.1 GENESIS OF CREDIT PROBLEMS 6.2 CAUSES OF CREDIT RISK 6.3 SUMMARY CHAPTER 7: Identification of Credit Risk 7.1 MARKET RISK AND CREDIT RISK RELATIONSHIP 7.2 CREDIT RISK IDENTIFICATION APPROACH 7.3 CREDIT RISK IDENTIFICATION PROCESS 7.4 SUMMARY CHAPTER 8: Credit Risk Rating Concept and Uses 8.1 CREDIT RISK RATING CONCEPT 8.2 CREDIT RISK RATING USES 8.3 CREDIT RISK RATING PRINCIPLES 8.4 SUMMARY CHAPTER 9: Credit Risk Rating Issues 9.1 RATING PRACTICES IN BANKS 9.2 DESIGN OF THE RATING FRAMEWORK 9.3 CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 9.4 DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES 9.5 IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES 9.6 RATING FRAMEWORK OVERVIEW 9.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 10: Credit Risk Rating Models 10.1 INTERNAL RATING SYSTEMS IN BANKS 10.2 NEED FOR DIFFERENT RATING MODELS 10.3 NEED FOR NEW AND OLD BORROWER RATING MODELS 10.4 TYPES OF RATING MODELS 10.5 NEW CAPITAL ACCORD OPTIONS 10.6 ASSET CATEGORIZATION 10.7 IDENTIFICATION OF MODEL INPUTS 10.8 ASSESSMENT OF COMPONENT RISK 10.9 SUMMARY CHAPTER 11: Credit Risk Rating Methodology 11.1 RATING METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 11.2 DERIVATION OF COMPONENT RATING 11.3 DERIVATION OF COUNTERPARTY RATING 11.4 SUMMARY CHAPTER 12: Credit Risk Measurement Model 12.1 RISK RATING AND RISK MEASUREMENT MODELS 12.2 CREDIT LOSS ESTIMATION—CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 12.3 QUANTIFICATION OF RISK COMPONENTS 12.4 CREDIT RISK MEASUREMENT MODELS 12.5 BACK-TESTING OF CREDIT RISK MODELS 12.6 STRESS TESTING OF CREDIT PORTFOLIOS 12.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 13: Credit Risk Management 13.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 13.2 CREDIT MANAGEMENT AND CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT 13.3 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH 13.4 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 13.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT 13.6 CREDIT RISK APPETITE 13.7 CREDIT RISK POLICIES AND STRATEGIES 13.8 EARLY WARNING SIGNAL INDICATORS 13.9 CREDIT AUDIT MECHANISM 13.10 CREDIT RISK MITIGATION TECHNIQUES 13.11 SUMMARY CHAPTER 14: Credit Portfolio Review Methodology 14.1 PORTFOLIO CLASSIFICATION 14.2 PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES 14.3 PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT ISSUES 14.4 PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE 14.5 PORTFOLIO RISK MITIGATION TECHNIQUES 14.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 15: Risk-Based Loan Pricing 15.1 LOAN PRICING CONCEPT 15.2 LOAN PRICING PRINCIPLES 15.3 LOAN PRICING ISSUES 15.4 LOAN PRICE COMPUTATION 15.5 SUMMARY PART Three: Market Risk Management CHAPTER 16: Market Risk Framework 16.1 MARKET RISK CONCEPT 16.2 MARKET RISK TYPES 16.3 MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 16.4 ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP 16.5 MARKET RISK POLICY 16.6 MARKET RISK VISION 16.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 17: Liquidity Risk Management 17.1 LIQUIDITY RISK CAUSES 17.2 LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 17.3 LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES 17.4 LIQUIDITY RISK IDENTIFICATION 17.5 LIQUIDITY RISK MEASUREMENT 17.6 LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND APPROACHES 17.7 LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT UNDER ALTERNATE SCENARIOS 17.8 LIQUIDITY CONTINGENCY PLANNING 17.9 STRESS TESTING OF LIQUIDITY FUNDING RISK 17.10 LIQUIDITY RISK MONITORING AND CONTROL 17.11 SUMMARY CHAPTER 18: Interest Rate Risk Management 18.1 INTEREST RATE RISK IN TRADING AND BANKING BOOKS 18.2 INTEREST RATE RISK CAUSES 18.3 INTEREST RATE RISK MEASUREMENT 18.4 MATURITY GAP ANALYSIS 18.5 DURATION GAP ANALYSIS 18.6 SIMULATION ANALYSIS 18.7 VALUE-AT-RISK 18.8 EARNINGS AT RISK 18.9 INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT 18.10 INTEREST INCOME STRESS TESTING 18.11 INTEREST RATE RISK CONTROL 18.12 SUMMARY CHAPTER 19: Foreign Exchange Risk Management 19.1 EXCHANGE RISK IMPLICATION 19.2 EXCHANGE RISK TYPES 19.3 FOREIGN CURRENCY EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT 19.4 EXCHANGE RISK QUANTIFICATION 19.5 EXCHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT 19.6 EXCHANGE RISK HEDGING 19.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 20: Equity Exposure Risk Management 20.1 EQUITY EXPOSURE IDENTIFICATION 20.2 EQUITY EXPOSURE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 20.3 EQUITY EXPOSURE RISK MEASUREMENT 20.4 SUMMARY CHAPTER 21: Asset Liability Management Review Process 21.1 ASSET-LIABILITY REVIEW 21.2 LIQUIDITY RISK REVIEW 21.3 INTEREST RATE RISK REVIEW 21.4 FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK REVIEW 21.5 EQUITY PRICE RISK REVIEW 21.6 VALUE-AT-RISK REVIEW 21.7 SUMMARY PART Four: Operational Risk Management CHAPTER 22: Operational Risk Management Framework 22.1 OPERATIONAL RISK CONCEPT 22.2 OPERATIONAL RISK SOURCES 22.3 OPERATIONAL RISK CAUSES 22.4 OPERATIONAL RISK POLICY OBJECTIVES 22.5 OPERATIONAL RISK POLICY CONTENTS 22.6 OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 22.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 23: Operational Risk Identification, Measurement, and Control 23.1 OPERATIONAL RISK IDENTIFICATION APPROACH 23.2 OPERATIONAL RISK IDENTIFICATION PROCESS 23.3 BUSINESS LINE IDENTIFICATION 23.4 OPERATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS 23.5 OPERATIONAL RISK MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY 23.6 OPERATIONAL RISK MEASUREMENT PROCESS 23.7 OPERATIONAL RISK MONITORING 23.8 OPERATIONAL RISK CONTROL AND MITIGATION 23.9 HIGH-INTENSITY OPERATIONAL RISK EVENTS— BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLANNING 23.10 BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS 23.11 BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLANNING METHODOLOGY 23.12 OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 23.13 SUMMARY PART Five: Risk-Based Internal Audit CHAPTER 24: Risk-Based Internal Audit—Scope, Rationale, and Function 24.1 INTERNAL AUDIT SCOPE AND RATIONALE 24.2 RISK-BASED INTERNAL AUDIT POLICY 24.3 INTERNAL AUDIT DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE 24.4 SUMMARY CHAPTER 25: Risk-Based Internal Audit Methodology and Procedure 25.1 RISK-BASED INTERNAL AUDIT METHODOLOGY 25.2 RISK-BASED AUDIT PLANNING AND SCOPE 25.3 RISK-BASED AUDIT PROCESS