Management Information Systems Adoption: The Case of Mobile Commerce in Saudi Organisations Author Alfahl, Husam Omar Published 2014 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School Griffith Business School DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/37 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366755 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Management Information Systems Adoption: The Case of Mobile Commerce in Saudi Organisations Husam Omar AlFahl B.S. in Management Information Systems Master of Business Administration / Master of Information Technology Ph.D Thesis Department of International Business and Asian Studies Griffith Business School, Griffith University Nathan Campus Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2014 mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations Dedication I dedicate this work to: My Beloved Mum & Dad My Lovely Wife Khloud & My Daughter Danah My Family & Friends The College of Business Administration, Taibah University My Country, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Husam AlFahl II Griffith Business School mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations Acknowledgment All praise and thanks be to Allah for his grace and guidance throughout my life and for giving me the ability to complete this work. Then, I would like to acknowledge all individuals who have giving me assistance and support of any type during this long journey. This includes emotional, physical, intellectual, and financial support. Moreover, I would like to thank my sponsor, Taibah University, and the Saudi Government for providing me with the scholarship to study in Australia. Additionally, I would like to thank my Wife Khloud and my Daughter Danah for their endless support and patience as well as for accompanying me during the journey. Thanks also goes to my beloved mum and dad for their care, support, prayers, and patience throughout my life. Moreover, I would like to thank all my family and friends for their support and being there for me. I would like to take the chance also to give my sincere regards to my supervisors Dr. Louis Sanzogni, Dr. Luke Houghton, and Dr. Kuldeep Sandhu for their infinite patience and support during the last five years. Their contribution to this work is appreciated, and I have to mention that without their positive inputs this work could not be accomplish, so thank you all very much. Furthermore, I would like to thank Griffith University for their support and for providing the right atmosphere and facilities to complete this degree. Husam AlFahl III Griffith Business School mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations List of Publications The following are the publications and output that were derived from this thesis: Refereed Journal Article: Alfahl, H., Sanzogni, L., & Houghton, L. (2012). Mobile Commerce Adoption in Organizations: A Literature Review and Future Research Directions. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 10(2), 61-78. Book Chapter: Alfahl, H., Sanzogni, L., Houghton, L., & Sandhu, K. (2013). Mobile Commerce Adoption in Organizations: A Literature Review and Preliminary Findings. In I. Lee (Ed.), Trends in E-Business, E-Services, and E-Commerce: Impact of Technology on Goods, Services, and Business Transactions: IGI Global. Submitted Article for Review: Alfahl, H., Houghton, L., & Sanzogni, L. Mobile Commerce in Saudi Organizations: A Qualitative Study. This paper has been submitted to the Journal of Global Information Management. Husam AlFahl IV Griffith Business School mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations Statement of Originality This work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself. Signature: ________________ Date: ________________ Husam Omar Alfahl Ethical Clearance Griffith University Human Research Ethics has approved the application for getting the Ethical Clearance for this research. The Ethical Clearance protocol number is (AIS/07/11/HREC) and it runs from 27th of May 2011 to 1st of September 2014 (See Appendix 1). Husam AlFahl V Griffith Business School mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations List of Abbreviations CITC Communication and Information Technology Commission CMS Compatibility of mCommerce Services DIT Diffusion of Innovation Theory eBusiness Electronic Business eCommerce Electronic Commerce eGovernment Electronic Government EFTPOS Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale EIU Economist Intelligence Unit ICT Information and Communication Technology ICTI Information and Communication Technologies Infrastructure IS Information Systems IT Information Technology KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia LTE Long Term Evolution MFO mCommerce Features and Opportunities MIS Management Information Systems mCommerce Mobile Commerce mPayment Mobile Payment OC Organisational Culture OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OP Organisational Policy OR Organisational Readiness PCA Principal Components Analysis PE Performance Expectancy PEU Perceived Ease of Use PKI Public Key Infrastructure PLE Policy and Legal Environment PU Perceived Usefulness RA Relative Advantage SAGIA Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority Husam AlFahl VI Griffith Business School mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency SF Social Factor SI Social influence SN Subjective Norms TAM Technology Acceptance Model TPB Theory of Planned Behaviour TRA Theory of Reasoned Action TMS Top Management Support TOE Technology–Organisation–Environment Framework UTAUT Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Husam AlFahl VII Griffith Business School mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations Abstract The penetration rates for mobile phone subscriptions in many countries in recent years show that there are significant opportunities to invest in and introduce mobile commerce (mCommerce) services in many of these markets. mCommerce provides innovative services to mobile workers and mobile consumers as it allows them to perform transactions anytime from anywhere. Such services may also contribute to improve the performance of the organisations. However, mCommerce services have not been widely adopted by organisations, especially in many developing countries such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The aim of this research is to explore and identify the various factors that influence the intention to adopt mCommerce in Saudi banks and telecoms. At the beginning of the study, factors that may affect the adoption of new technologies in organisations were adopted from the literature. A number of these factors were included in this research as they are chosen from well-known theories such as Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Theory of Reasoned Action, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. These factors were investigated in the current study within the mCommerce context using the sequential exploratory mixed methods design. This exploratory research was conducted through two sequential stages. The first stage of the research follows a generic qualitative approach and the second stage follows a quantitative approach. The results of the two sequential studies have successfully provided adequate answers to the research questions at hand. Additionally, based on the findings of the research, the mCommerce organisational adoption model is proposed to support Saudi organisations in order to launch mCommerce services into the Saudi market. The findings of the research show that seven components can affect the intention to adopt mCommerce in Saudi banks and telecoms. These components are: (1) performance expectancy, (2) organisational readiness, (3) mCommerce features and opportunities, (4) compatibility of mCommerce services, (5) policy and legal environment, (6) social influence and (7) top management supports. Based on the results, these components may affect the intention to adopt mCommerce in Saudi telecoms and banks and they explain almost 72.13 per cent of the total variance. The findings of the research have also successfully identified the most important factors Husam AlFahl VIII Griffith Business School mCommerce Adoption in Saudi Organisations that can affect the intention to adopt mCommerce services in Saudi banks and telecoms. The three most significant components are performance expectancy, organisational readiness, and mCommerce features and opportunities. The results of this research propose seven hypotheses to be tested in the future by researchers from different countries. The proposed instrument to test these hypotheses is presented in this research. Identifying the possible factors that affect the intention to adopt mCommerce services in Saudi banks and telecoms can be considered as a contribution to the literature. Furthermore, developing the instrument to measure the effect of these factors can be a good step toward confirming the effect of these factors. The major contribution of the research to the literature is producing the mCommerce organisational adoption model that includes factors deemed useful in determining the adoption trends of mCommerce in organisations. It is suggested that the resulting mCommerce organisational adoption model can be used by Saudi organisations during the process of adopting mCommerce, as it will provide them with the necessary framework to evaluate and facilitate the introduction of such services to be used by Saudis. Researchers in the field have an opportunity to confirm or reject these relationships and in turn modify the mCommerce organisational adoption model based on the results of future research. Husam AlFahl IX Griffith Business School