Sixth Edition CM Sixth Edition MANAGEMENT AND OA SN MANAGEMENT AND COST ACCOUNTING TA G A COST ACCOUNTING Alnoor Bhimani Charles T. Horngren CE Srikant M. Datar Madhav Rajan M C OE This popular text offers clear and comprehensive coverage of management and cost accounting for students and professionals. Alnoor Bhimani Charles T. Horngren Management and Cost Accounting is the European adaptation of Horngren, Datar and Rajan’s leading US text, Cost Accounting: N A Managerial Emphasis, 15th edition. The content has been signifi cantly revised to refl ect management accounting syllabuses U across Europe. Rich in examples and real-life applications, Management and Cost Accounting brings technical and theoretical Srikant M. Datar Madhav Rajan concepts to life. The international focus of the text is supported by a wealth of case studies featuring companies from around the T N world, and all coverage is fully updated in line with recent research. TA Key features (cid:127) Up-to-date coverage, including new sections on decision-making in uncertainty, sustainable accounting, plus a discussion on IN the behavioural aspects of accounting. N (cid:127) Increased number of practice exercises and end-of-chapter questions provide opportunities to apply and develop techniques. D G (cid:127) Wide-ranging European and Harvard Business School case studies illustrate how management accounting applies in various contexts, locations and situations. (cid:127) ‘Concepts in action’ boxes show how accounting techniques are put into practice by managers in the business world. (cid:127) Accessible step-by-step approach helps you master the subject one step at a time. Sixth Edition Alnoor Bhimani is Professor of Management Accounting and Director of LSE Entrepreneurship at the London D B School of Economics and Join over 10 million students benefi ting from Pearson MyLabs a h Political Science. t i This title can be supported by MyAccountingLab, an online homework and Charles T. Horngren was the a m tutorial system designed to test and build your understanding. MyAccountingLab Edmund W. Littlefi eld Professor r provides a personalised approach, with instant feedback and numerous additional a of Accounting at Stanford n resources to support your learning. University. R i Use the power of MyAccountingLab to accelerate your learning. You need both Srikant M. Datar is the Arthur a an access card and a course ID to access MyAccountingLab: j H Lowes Dickinson Professor a 1. Is your lecturer using MyAccountingLab? of Business Administration at n o Ask your lecturer for your course ID. Harvard University. r n 2. Has an access card been included with the book? Madhav V. Rajan is the g Check the inside back cover of the book. Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of 3. If you have a course ID but no access card, go to Accounting and Senior Associate r e http://www.myaccountinglab.com to buy access to this interactive Dean for Academic Affairs at n study programme. Stanford University. F ©ro Gent c ttyov Imaer im gesage www.pearson-books.com : CVR_BHIM3461_06_SE_CVR.indd 1 25/02/2015 11:29 ManageMent and cost accounting A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 1 2/25/15 2:00 PM A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 2 2/25/15 2:00 PM Sixth Edition ManageMent and cost accounting Alnoor Bhimani London School of Economics and Political Science Charles T. Horngren Stanford University Srikant M. Datar Harvard University Madhav V. Rajan Stanford University A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 3 2/25/15 2:00 PM PEARSON EDUCATION LIMITED Edinburgh Gate Harlow CM20 2JE United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1279 623623 Web: www.pearson.com/uk Original edition, entitled Cost Accounting published by Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA © 1999 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. First edition published in Great Britain under the Prentice Hall Europe imprint in 1999 (print) Second edition published in 2002 (print) Third edition published 2005 (print) Fourth edition published 2008 (print) Fifth edition published in 2012 (print and electronic) Sixth edition published in 2015 (print and electronic) The rights of Alnoor Bhimani, Charles T. Horngren, Srikant M. Datar and Madhav V. Rajan to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The print publication is protected by copyright. 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ISBN: 978-1-292-06346-1 (print) 978-1-292-06353-9 (PDF) 978-1-292-06348-5 (eText) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for the print edition is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for the print edition is available from the Library of Congress 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 Front cover image: Getty Images Print edition typeset in 10/12pt Sabon MT Pro Regular by 35 Print edition printed in Slovakia by Neografia NOTE THAT ANY PAGE CROSS REFERENCES REFER TO THE PRINT EDITION A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 4 2/25/15 2:00 PM In memory of Charles T. Horngren 1926–2011 Chuck Horngren revolutionised cost and management accounting. He loved new ideas and introduced many new concepts. He had the unique gift of explaining these concepts in simple and creative ways. He epitomised excellence and never tired of details, whether it was finding exactly the right word or working and reworking assignment materials. He combined his great intellect with genuine humility and warmth and a human touch that inspired others to do their best. He taught us many lessons about life through his amazing discipline, his ability to make everyone feel welcome, and his love of family. It was a great privilege, pleasure, and honour to have known Chuck Horngren. Few individuals will have the enormous influence that Chuck had on the accounting profession. Fewer still will be able to do it with the class and style that was his hallmark. He was unique, special and amazing in many, many ways and, at once, a role model, teacher, mentor and friend. He is deeply missed. Alnoor Bhimani London School of Economics and Political Science Srikant M. Datar Harvard University Madhav V. Rajan Stanford University AB: F or all children whose lives were lost in meaningless violent circumstances in 2014 SD: Swati, Radhika, Gayatri, Sidharth MVR: Gayathri, Sanjana, Anupama A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 5 2/25/15 2:00 PM A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 6 2/25/15 2:00 PM BRief contents Contents ix Guide to the case studies xvi Preface xix Authors’ acknowledgements xxii Publisher’s acknowledgements xxv PaRt i Management and cost accounting fundamentals 1 The accountant’s role in the organisation 2 2 An introduction to cost terms and purposes 30 3 Job-costing systems 56 4 Process-costing systems 85 5 Cost allocation 123 6 Cost allocation: joint-cost situations 152 7 Income effects of alternative stock-costing methods 178 Part I Case study problems 207 PaRt ii Accounting information for decision making 8 Cost–volume–profit relationships 216 9 Determining how costs behave 244 10 Relevant information for decision making 282 11 Activity-based costing 312 12 Pricing, target costing and customer profitability analysis 344 13 Capital investment decisions 380 Part II Case study problems 409 PaRt iii Planning and budgetary control systems 14 Motivation, budgets and responsibility accounting 424 15 Flexible budgets, variances and management control: I 462 16 Flexible budgets, variances and management control: II 492 17 Measuring yield, mix and quantity effects 526 Part III Case study problems 548 A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 7 2/25/15 2:00 PM viii Brief contents PaRt iV Management control systems and performance issues 18 Control systems and transfer pricing 560 19 Control systems and performance measurement 586 Part IV Case study problems 615 PaRt V Quality, time and the strategic management of costs 20 Quality and throughput concerns in managing costs 636 21 Accounting for just-in-time systems 659 22 Strategic management accounting and emerging issues 695 Part V Case study problems 728 Appendix A: Solutions to selected exercises 760 Appendix B: Notes on compound interest and interest tables 825 Glossary 833 Names index 846 Subject index 848 A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 8 2/25/15 2:00 PM contents Guide to the case studies xvi Service-sector companies 41 Preface xix Merchandising- and manufacturing-sector Authors’ acknowledgements xxii companies 41 Publisher’s acknowledgements xxv The many meanings of product costs 44 Classification of costs 45 Summary 46 Key terms 46 PaRt i References 47 Assessment material 48 Management and cost accounting fundamentals cHaPteR 3 Job-costing systems 56 cHaPteR 1 The building block concept of costing systems 57 The accountant’s role in the Job-costing and process-costing systems 57 organisation 2 Job costing in service organisations using actual costing 58 Accounting, costing and strategy 3 Normal costing 61 Accounting systems and management controls 6 Job costing in manufacturing 62 Costs, benefits and context 10 An illustration of a job-costing system Themes in the design of management accounting in manufacturing 66 systems 12 Budgeted indirect costs and end-of-period • Concepts in action: Management accounting adjustments 71 beyond the numbers 15 Summary 75 Forces of change in management accounting 16 Key terms 76 Summary 19 Assessment material 77 Appendix: Professional ethics 19 Key terms 21 cHaPteR 4 References and further reading 21 Assessment material 23 Process-costing systems 85 Illustrating process costing 86 cHaPteR 2 Case 1: Process costing with no opening or closing An introduction to cost terms and work-in-progress stock 87 purposes 30 Case 2: Process costing with no opening but a closing work-in-progress stock 88 Costs in general 31 Case 3: Process costing with both some opening Direct costs and indirect costs 32 and some closing work-in-progress stock 92 Cost drivers and cost management 33 Weighted-average method 92 Two types of cost behaviour pattern: First-in, first-out method 95 variable costs and fixed costs 34 • Concepts in action: ExxonMobil and accounting Total costs and unit costs 37 differences in the oil patch 99 • Concepts in action: How Zipcar helps reduce Comparison of weighted-average and FIFO Twitter’s transport costs 38 methods 100 Financial statements and cost terminology 40 Standard-costing method of process costing 101 A01_BHIM3461_06_SE_FM.indd 9 2/25/15 2:00 PM