VolumeI: IntroductoryChapters andAfrotheria (352pages) VolumeII: Primates (560pages) VolumeIII: Rodents,HaresandRabbits (784pages) VolumeIV: Hedgehogs,Shrews andBats (800pages) VolumeV: Carnivores,Pangolins, EquidsandRhinoceroses (560pages) VolumeVI: Pigs,Hippopotamuses, Chevrotain,Giraffes,Deer andBovids (704pages) MMaammmmaallssooffAAffrriiccaaBBLLAADD..iinndddd 113388 1122//0099//22001122 1100::0044 Contents VolumeI:IntroductoryChaptersandAfrotheria ORDERRODENTIA Rodents EditedbyJonathanKingdon,DavidHappold,Michael ORDERLAGAMORPHA HaresandRabbits Hoffman,ThomasButynski,MeredithHappoldand Glossary JanKalina Bibliography AuthorsofVolumeIII SeriesAcknowledgements Indexes AcknowledgementsforVolumeI Chapter1. MammalsofAfrica:AnIntroductionandGuide VolumeIV:Hedgehogs,ShrewsandBats Chapter2. ThinkingMammals:AnIntroductiontoAfrican EditedbyMeredithHappoldandDavidHappold MammalsinScience,NaturalHistoryand Culture SeriesAcknowledgements Chapter3. TheEvolutionofaContinent:Geographyand AcknowledgementsforVolumeIV Geology MammalsofAfrica:AnIntroductionandGuide Chapter4. Africa’sEnvironmentalandClimaticPast ORDERERINACEOMORPHA Hedgehogs Chapter5. TheBioticZonesofAfrica:AMammalian ORDERSORICOMORPHA Shrews Perspective ORDERCHIROPTERA Bats Chapter6. MammalianEvolutioninAfrica Glossary Chapter7. Classification Bibliography Chapter8. BehaviourandMorphology AuthorsofVolumeIV ORDERHYRACOIDEA Hyraxes Indexes ORDERPROBOSCIDEA Elephants ORDERSIRENIA Dugong,Manatees VolumeV:Carnivores,Pangolins,Equidsand ORDERAFROSORICIDA Otter-shrewsandGolden-moles Rhinoceroses ORDERMACROSCELIDEA Sengis(Elephant-shrews) EditedbyJonathanKingdonandMichaelHoffmann ORDERTUBULIDENTATA Aardvark SeriesAcknowledgements Glossary AcknowledgementsforVolumeV Bibliography MammalsofAfrica:AnIntroductionandGuide AuthorsofVolumeI ORDERCARNIVORA Carnivores Indexes ORDERPHOLIDOTA Pangolins ORDERPERISSODACTYLA EquidsandRhinoceroses VolumeII:Primates Glossary EditedbyThomasButynski,JonathanKingdonand Bibliography JanKalina AuthorsofVolumeV SeriesAcknowledgements Indexes AcknowledgementsforVolumeII MammalsofAfrica:AnIntroductionandGuide VolumeVI:Pigs,Hippopotamuses,Chevrotain,Giraffes, ORDERPRIMATES Primates DeerandBovids Glossary EditedbyJonathanKingdonandMichaelHoffmann Bibliography SeriesAcknowledgements AuthorsofVolumeII AcknowledgementsforVolumeVI Indexes MammalsofAfrica:AnIntroductionandGuide ORDERCETARTIODACTYLA Pigs,Hippopotamuses, VolumeIII:Rodents,HaresandRabbits Chevrotain,Giraffes,DeerandBovids EditedbyDavidHappold Glossary SeriesAcknowledgements Bibliography AcknowledgementsforVolumeIII AuthorsofVolumeVI MammalsofAfrica:AnIntroductionandGuide Indexes 1 MMaammmmaallssooffAAffrriiccaaBBLLAADD..iinndddd 11 1122//0099//22001122 1100::0044 mammals of africa VOLUME I INTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS AND AFROTHERIA MOA v1 00 Prelims pp001-011.indd 1 16/10/2012 09:04 Series Editors Jonathan Kingdon Department of Zoology, University of Oxford David C. D. Happold Research School of Biology, Australian National University Thomas M. Butynski Zoological Society of London/King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre Michael Hoffmann International Union for Conservation of Nature – Species Survival Commission Meredith Happold Research School of Biology, Australian National University Jan Kalina Soita Nyiro Conservancy, Kenya MOA v1 00 Prelims pp001-011.indd 2 16/10/2012 09:04 mammals of africa VOLUME I INTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS AND AFROTHERIA edited by jonathan kingdon, david happold, michael hoffmann, thomas butynski, meredith happold and jan kalina Illustrated by Jonathan Kingdon Pen and ink illustrations of small Afrotheria by Meredith Happold MOA v1 00 Prelims pp001-011.indd 3 16/10/2012 09:05 First published in 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Bloomsbury Publishing Copyright © 2013 illustrations by Jonathan Kingdon and Meredith Happold All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – photographic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage or retrieval systems – without permission of the publishers. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 50 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP Bloomsbury USA, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 www.bloomsbury.com www.bloomsburyusa.com Bloomsbury Publishing, London, New Delhi, New York and Sydney A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for. Commissioning editor: Nigel Redman Design and project management: D & N Publishing, Baydon, Wiltshire ISBN (print) 978-1-4081-2251-8 ISBN (epdf) 978-1-4081-8990-1 Printed in China by C&C Offset Printing Co., Ltd This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulation of the country of origin. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Recommended citations: Series: Kingdon, J., Happold, D., Butynski, T., Hoffmann, M., Happold, M. & Kalina, J. (eds) 2013. Mammals of Africa (6 vols). Bloomsbury Publishing, London. Volume: Kingdon, J., Happold, D., Hoffmann, M., Butynski, T., Happold, M. & Kalina, J. (eds) 2013. Mammals of Africa. Volume I: Introductory Chapters and Afrotheria. Bloomsbury Publishing, London. Chapter/species profile: e.g. Taylor, A. 2013. Orycteropus afer Aardvark; pp 210–215 in Kingdon, J. et al. (eds) 2013. Mammals of Africa. Volume I: Introductory Chapters and Afrotheria. Bloomsbury Publishing, London. MOA v1 00 Prelims pp001-011.indd 4 16/10/2012 12:30 Donors and Patrons T. R. B. Davenport, D. De Luca and the Wildlife Conservation Society, Tanzania R. Dawkins R. Farrand & L. Snook R. Heyworth, S. Pullen and the Cotswold Wildlife Park G. Ohrstrom Viscount Ridley & M. Ridley L. Scott and the Smithsonian UK Charitable Trust M. & L. Ward R. & M. Ward MOA v1 00 Prelims pp001-011.indd 5 16/10/2012 09:05 This page intentionally left blank 01 MOA v4 pp001-026.indd 6 25/10/2012 16:32 Contents Series Acknowledgements 9 GENUS Heterohyrax Bush Hyrax – P. Bloomer 161 Heterohyrax brucei Bush Hyrax (Yellow-spotted Hyrax) – Acknowledgements for Volume I 10 R. E. Barry & H. N. Hoeck 161 1. Mammals of Africa: An Introduction and Guide – GENUS Procavia Rock Hyrax – P. Bloomer & H. N. Hoeck 165 David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski & Procavia capensis Rock Hyrax (Klipdassie) – H. N. Hoeck Jonathan Kingdon 12 & P. Bloomer 166 2. Thinking Mammals: An Introduction to African SUPERORDER TETHYTHERIA – E. R. Seiffert 172 Mammals in Science, Natural History and Culture – Jonathan Kingdon 21 ORDER PROBOSCIDEA Elephants – J. Shoshani & P. Tassy 173 3. The Evolution of a Continent: Geography and FAMILY ELEPHANTIDAE Elephants – J. Shoshani & P. Tassy 176 Geology – Daniel Livingstone & Jonathan Kingdon 27 GENUS Loxodonta African Elephants – P. Tassy & J. Shoshani 178 4. Africa’s Environmental and Climatic Past – Loxodonta africana Savanna Elephant (African Bush Robert J. Morley & Jonathan Kingdon 43 Elephant) – J. Poole, P. Kahumbu & I. Whyte 181 Loxodonta cyclotis Forest Elephant – A. Turkalo & R. Barnes 195 5. The Biotic Zones of Africa – David Happold & J. Michael Lock 57 ORDER SIRENIA Dugong, Manatees – D. P. Domning 201 6. Mammalian Evolution in Africa – Jonathan Kingdon 75 FAMILY DUGONGIDAE Dugong – J. E. Reynolds III 203 7. Classification: A Mammalian Perspective – GENUS Dugong Dugong – H. Marsh 203 Colin Groves & David Happold 101 Dugong dugon Dugong – H. Marsh & P. Dutton 204 8. Behaviour and Morphology – Jonathan Kingdon & FAMILY TRICHECHIDAE Manatees – J. E. Reynolds, III 209 Fritz Vollrath 109 GENUS Trichecus Manatees – J. A. Powell 210 Trichecus senegalensis West African Manatee – J. A. Powell 210 CLASS MAMMALIA – J. Kingdon 135 COHORT AFROINSECTIPHILLIA – E. R. Seiffert 213 SUPERCOHORT AFROTHERIA – J. Kingdon, ORDER AFROSORICIDA Tenrecs, Otter-shrews, Golden- E. R. Seiffert, S. B. Hedges & G. Rathbun 143 moles – G. N. Bronner 214 COHORT PAENUNGULATA – E. R. Seiffert 147 FAMILY TENRECIDAE Tenrecs, Otter-shrews – P. Vogel 216 ORDER HYRACOIDEA Hyraxes – J. Shoshani, P. Bloomer SUBFAMILY POTAMOGALINAE Otter-shrews 216 & E.R. Seiffert 148 GENUS Micropotamogale Pygmy Otter-shrews – P. Vogel 216 FAMILY PROCAVIIDAE Hyraxes – J. Shoshani, P. Bloomer Micropotamogale lamottei Nimba Otter-shrew (Pygmy & E. R. Seiffert 150 Otter-shrew) – P. Vogel 217 Micropotamogale ruwenzorii Rwenzori Otter-shrew – GENUS Dendrohyrax Tree Hyraxes – P. Bloomer 152 P. Vogel 218 Dendrohyrax arboreus Southern Tree Hyrax (Southern Tree Dassie) – J. M. Milner & A. Gaylard 152 GENUS Potamogale Giant Otter-shrew – P. Vogel 220 Dendrohyrax dorsalis Western Tree Hyrax – S. Schultz & Potamogale velox Giant Otter-shrew – P. Vogel 220 D. Roberts 155 Dendrohyrax validus Eastern Tree Hyrax – D. Roberts, FAMILY CHRYSOCHLORIDAE Golden-moles – E. Topp-Jørgensen & D. Moyer 158 G. N. Bronner 223 MOA v1 00 Prelims pp001-011.indd 7 16/10/2012 09:05