TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Natural Science Research Laboratory Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 288 24 June 2009 Mammal Records from Briscoe, Dickens, Hall, and Motley Counties, Texas M. A. J. A. EricK. Howell, Ryan Duplechin, Peter Larsen, Delton Hanson, Faisal Anwarali Khan, Roxanne J. Larsen, RyanR. Chambers, and Robert D. Bradley Abstract In 2008, fieldwork was conducted that resulted in the identification of 18 new mammal records from three counties (Dickens, Hall, and Motley) in northwest Texas. An additional 13 county records collected from 1956-2005 (including from Briscoe County) were identified after an examination of specimens housed in the Natural Science Research Laboratory of the Museum of Texas Tech University. Collecting efforts such as these provide important natural history data that can be used in future assessments of the mammalian diversity within Texas. Key words: Briscoe County, Dickens County, Hall County, mammals, Motley County, Texas Panhandle Introduction In the spring, summer, and fall of 2008, 18 spe¬ km south of Flomot (UTM 14N: 316559E, 3786887N), cies of mammals, all representing new county records, in Motley County. were collected from three counties in western Texas: Dickens (1), Hall (6), and Motley (11). Our sampling Flomot South. A private ranch, about 2.4 km sites included 26 localities (see Fig 1). The following south of Flomot (UTM 14N: 316863E, 3786602N), in are the trapping localities in which records were col¬ Motley County. This locality was primarily comprised lected in 2008: of a series of shallow and medium-sized canyons dominated by juniper (Juniperus sp.) and mesquite Afton. A private ranch, about 1.2 km north and (Prosopis sp.). 0.6 km east of Afton, in Dickens County. The local¬ ity included the edge of a small lake (UTM 14N: Turkey North. A large private ranch, located 332182E, 3738136N) surrounded by dense stands of approximately 10 km east of Turkey (UTM 14N: cattail (Typha sp.). 335684E, 3809850N), in Hall County. This locality was comprised of both dense grassland and a juniper Flomot North. A topographically level CRP grassland drainage area with interspersed plum thickets (Conservation Reserve Program) grassland, about 1.6 surrounded by high bluffs. 2 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Turkey South. Three ecological associations of Texas’ mammals in this region. Systematic mam¬ along country roadsides, about 7.5 km south and 6.0 mal collections in this region were not in place until km east of Turkey (UTM14N: 333040E, 3799903N), Blair’s (1954) efforts. The number of county records in Hall County. The first locality consisted of sandy included herein is a reflection of the historical neglect soil with interspersed low-lying brush, another was a of the region. Other researchers such as Dalquest and dry woodland riparian zone with large cottonwood trees Homer (1984), Stangl and Jones (1987), Choate (1997), (Populus wislizeni), and the third was a riparian zone and Roberts (1998) provided some details concerning along a brushy fencerow. distribution, seasonal occurrences, and geographic preferences of mammals in this area. The current study Additional specimens in both Hall and Motley reflects recent collecting efforts and the inclusion of counties were collected as road-kills along major roads older and unreported collections from four counties (three sites). Finally, three bat specimens were col¬ along the margins of the Caprock that historically have lected from a roosting site in Hall County. been neglected since Blair’s studies. The inattention to this specific region is in sharp contrast to adjoining The following collections fill a comparative void areas within Texas to the west (Pesaturo et al. 1990; in mammal distribution and representation along the Choate 1997), to the north (Dalquest et al. 1990; J. K. northeastern edges of the Llano Estacado and associ¬ Jones et al. 1988), and to the east (C. Jones et al. 1987; ated Caprock habitats. After Bailey’s statewide survey Dalquest and Horner 1984). in 1905, little was added to the existing knowledge Materials and Methods Mammals were collected using a variety of (Animal Care and Use Committee). Species accounts methods including: collection of road kills, shooting, follow the taxonomic arrangement in Wilson and excavating burrow systems, trapping using Sherman, Reeder (2005) and habitat and distribution descriptions Tomahawk, and Macabee traps, as well as mist-nets. contained in Schmidly (2004). Species identifications Voucher specimens were prepared either as skin and were based on morphological examinations of voucher skulls or alcohol preserved specimens. All voucher specimens. When available, reproductive conditions materials (skin and skulls; TTU numbers), frozen of specimens were reported. Tissue voucher numbers tissues, and blood samples were deposited in the Col¬ for all specimens collected in 2008 (TTU 109034- lection of Recent Mammals in the Natural Science 109155) are accessible online at http://www.nsrl.ttu. Research Laboratory (NSRL), Museum of Texas Tech edu/search/index.htm. Specific localities (Fig. 1) for University. Standard field measurements were taken for each county record are provided in the UTM 14N each specimen. Specimens were collected following geographic coordinate or, when unavailable, as noted the guidelines of the American Society of Mammalo- on museum skin tags. gists (Gannon et al. 2007) and the Texas Tech ACUC Howell et al.—County Records of Mammals in Northwest Texas 3 101 °15'W 101WV 100°45rW 100°30'W N 5' 4 ° 4 3 N 0' 3 ° 4 3 N ’ 5 1 ° 4 3 N ’ 0 ° 4 3 N 5' 4 ° 3 3 N ’ 0 3 ° 3 3 Figure 1. Geographic localities of mammal records identified herein from Briscoe, Dickens, Hall, and Motley counties. 4 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Species Accounts ORDER DIDELPHIMORPHIA californicus commonly is found in habitats consisting Family Didelphidae of dry, desert mesquite with interspersed shrubs. In Didelphis virginiana Kerr 1792 Motley County, on 24 May 2008, one female (TTU Virginia Opossum 109054) was collected on a private ranch 2.4 km south of Flomot (316863E, 3786602N) in an area of dry, The Virginia Opossum commonly is found in mesquite brush. In Motley County, on 19 August 1984, deciduous woodlands near streams and rivers and is one female (TTU 41017) was collected 12.9 km south distributed throughout Texas, excluding the dry regions and 14.5 km east of Matador (346544E, 3752142N). of the Trans-Pecos. In Motley County, on 25 May In Dickens County, on 24 June 2005, one individual 2008, one male and one female (TTU 109052 and TTU (TTU 107499) was collected 1.6 km south and 4.8 km 109053) were collected in Havahart live-traps near a east of Patton Springs School. small pond on a private ranch (316863E, 3786602N) surrounded by large hackberry (Celtis laevigata), ju¬ Sylvilagus floridanus (J. A. Allen 1890) niper, and willow (Salix nigra) trees. In Hall County, Eastern Cottontail on 27 September 2008, one male (TTU 109051) was collected 7.2 km south and 6.5 km east of Turkey in Sylvilagus floridanus is distributed widely in a Havahart live-trap near a small stream (333040E, Texas, usually in areas of brushy cover along pastures 3799903N) under a brush pile. In Briscoe County, or cultivated fields. In Motley County, on 24 May on 14 May 1997, one scrotal male (TTU 76988) was 2008, two males (TTU 109137 and TTU 109138) were collected in the Texas Caprock Canyons State Park collected on a private ranch 2.4 km south of Flomot (310669E, 3805456N). (316863E, 3786602N) in an area of thick mesquite brush. ORDER CINGULATA Family Dasypodidae ORDER SORICOMORPHA Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus 1758 Family Soricidae Nine-banded Armadillo Cryptotisparva (Say 1823) Least Shrew The Nine-banded Armadillo has expanded its North American distribution significantly over the last The Least Shrew is distributed in eastern, south¬ 150 years (Freeman and Genoways 1998). In Texas, it ern, and northwestern Texas. Cryptotis parva occurs is distributed throughout the state including portions of mostly in grasslands, but is occasionally found in moist the Davis Mountains (Kennedy and Jones 2006). This forested areas. In Hall County, on 14 August 1997, one species tends to be found in greater abundance near female (TTU 77035) was caught in Caprock Canyons water sources and in areas where the soil has a sand-clay State Park (332582E, 3815970N). In Dickens County, mix. Our Motley County record of D. novemcinctus on 5 October 2008, one female (TTU 109050) was consists of a dermal shell (TTU 109147) that was col¬ found 1.2 km north and 0.6 km east of Afton near a lected in mesquite-juniper grassland 2.4 km south of private ranch house (332182E, 3738136N) north of Flomot (316863E, 3786602N) on 24 August 2008. Dickens. This specimen was found under a beached boat surrounded by dense stands of cattail near a small ORDER LAGOMORPHA lake. Family Leporidae Lepus californicus Gray 1837 Black-tailed Jackrabbit The Black-tailed Jackrabbit is found throughout Texas excluding a small region in east Texas. Lepus Howell et al.—County Records of Mammals in Northwest Texas 5 ORDER CHIROPTERA by the abundance of guano. In the same house, one Family Molossidae male (TTU 109055) and one female (TTU 109056) Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy 1824) were collected together from a single barn swallow Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Hirundo rustica) nest. In Motley County, on 25 May 2008, one male (TTU 109058) was collected in a mist- Tadarida brasiliensis is found throughout Texas net over a pond (316863E, 3786602N) surrounded in dark, dry retreats such as caves, tunnels, wells, hol¬ by large hackberry, juniper, and willow trees. On 12 low trees, human habitations, and bridges. In Motley April 2008, one male (TTU 109148) was collected at County, on 24 May 2008 and 25 May 2008, one male the same locality with a firearm. On 26 September and seven females (four pregnant) (TTU 109139- 2008, six females (TTU 109149-109154) were col¬ 109146) were collected on a private ranch (316863E, lected from a roost of approximately 600 individuals 3786602N) in mist-nets and with a firearm over a pond in the basement of the Roaring Springs school house. surrounded by large hackberry, juniper, and willow In Dickens County, on 20 May 1985 and 31 July trees. In Motley County, on 19 August 1984 and 31 1985, one male and six females (two pregnant) (TTU May 1985, two males (one scrotal) and one female 48192-48198) were collected 9.7 km north and 14.5 (TTU 41016, TTU 48199, TTU 49310) were collected km east of Dickens (344400E, 3731287N). In Motley 12.9 km south and 14.5 km east of Matador (346544E, County, on 9, 19, and 21 August 1984, seven females 3752142N). (TTU 41014, TTU 41015, TTU 48944, TTU 48945, TTU 48946, TTU 48947, TTU 54626) were collected 12.9 km south and 14.5 km east of Matador (346544E, Family Vespertilionidae 3752142N). In Briscoe County, on 15 April 1967, Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois 1796) one male (TTU 3952) was collected 14.5 km north of Big Brown Bat South Plains on Highway 207 (288947E, 3804087N). In Briscoe County, on 2 October 1956, 15 April 1967, Two subspecies of Eptesicus fuscus occur within and 21 September 1968, two males and two females Texas, E. f. pallidus in the west and E. f fuscus in the (TTU 101, TTU 102, TTU 3951, TTU 7774) were col¬ east. In addition to geographic separation, these sub¬ lected in the Eos Fingos Canyon, approximately 16.1 species are also defined in part by single (E.f pallidus) km west-southwest of Quitaque. versus twin (E.f fuscus) births (Manning et al. 1989). Our specimens from Hall County, corresponding to E.f pallidus, were collected at the First Presbyterian Church ORDER CARNIVORA (359015E, 384386 IN) in Memphis on 2 July 1980. Of Family Mustelidae the 44 specimens collected, 11 were males (five scrotal) Taxidea taxus (Schreber 1777) and 33 were females (TTU 35133-35147, TTU 35746- American Badger 35768, TTU 37206-37207, TTU 48858-48861). The American Badger is distributed widely in Texas and remains to be documented from the extreme Myotis velifer (J. A. Allen 1890) eastern portions of the state (Fong 1973; Schmidly Cave Myotis 2004). Given its expansive distribution throughout North America, T. taxus clearly tolerates a variety of The Cave Myotis commonly occurs in rock habitats. On 27 July 1968, one male (TTU 12059) was crevices, caves, and in man-made structures and is collected from Motley County, 6.4 km west of Matador distributed throughout north- and south-central Texas (325315E, 3765206N). On 16 July 1982, one female extending into the western panhandle. In Hall County, (TTU 38495) was collected from Dickens County, 30.6 on 27 September 2008, one male (TTU 109057) was km west of Dickens. On 7 October 2000, one male collected in an abandoned house 5.9 km east of the (TTU 83633) was collected from Dickens County, 2.1 junction between Texas Highway 70 and Farm Road km east of Patton Springs School. 256 (332048E, 3838793N). This appeared to be a roost¬ ing site for several hundred individuals as evidenced 6 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Family Mephitidae Plains (Streubel and Fitzgerald 1978; Schmidly 2004). Mephitis mephitis (Schreber 1776) In Briscoe County, on 20 May 1997, two pregnant Striped Skunk females (TTU 77144 and TTU 77145) were collected in the Texas Caprock Canyons State Park (311205E, The Striped Skunk is found throughout Texas, 3813045N). Helgen et al. (2009) recognized eight dwelling in rocky crevices and outcrops usually near genera formerly included within Spermophilus and water and foraging in open grasslands. In Hall County, formally transferred spilosoma to the genus Xerosper- on 26 September 2008, one female (TTU 109155) was mophilus. We refrain from classifying Spermophilus collected near a cotton field along Highway 70,1.0 km spilosoma as Xerospermophilus spilosoma until the north of the Motley-Hall County border (325368E, taxonomic hypotheses of Helgen et al. (2009) are ac¬ 3801940N). cepted by the scientific community. Family Procyonidae Family Heteromyidae Procyon lotor (Linnaeus 1758) Perognathus flavescens Merriam 1889 Raccoon Plains Pocket Mouse Procyon lotor is found throughout Texas and The Plains Pocket Mouse is found in the Great occurs within or near hardwood-timbered habitats, Plains region. In Texas, it is recorded in the Panhandle bottomland swamps, lakes, ponds, and farmlands. In and adjacent High Plains areas in the northwestern part Motley County, on 28 September 2008, one female of the state. This mouse prefers sandy soils with sparse (TTU 109123) was collected as a road-kill speci¬ vegetation. Its burrows are often found underneath men on Texas Highway 599, 6.4 km north of Flomot clumps of Spanish bayonet (Yucca sp.) or prickly pear (316800E, 3795526N). In Motley County, on 27 July (Opuntia sp.). In Dickens County, on 21 July 1996, 1968, one male (TTU 12060) was collected 12.9 km one male and one female (TTU 71454-71455) were east of Matador (34491 IE, 3765206N). collected 4.8 km north and 4.8 km east of Dickens (334602E, 3726388N). ORDER RODENTIA Family Sciuridae Perognathus merriami J. A. Allen 1892 Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord 1815) Merriam’s Pocket Mouse Black-tailed Prairie Dog Merriam’s Pocket Mouse is distributed in south- Although extirpated over much of its former central and west Texas, excluding the extreme eastern, range, C. ludovicianus continues to thrive in the western northern, and western regions of the state. This species portion of Texas north of the Rio Grande Plains and has commonly is found in sand-clay mixed soils where a larger distribution than any other species of prairie there are sparse, low-growing grasses. In Hall County, dog (Hoogland 1996). This species can be found in on 20 September 2008, one female (TTU 109060) was short grass prairies, in overgrazed pastures, and where collected in a Sherman trap on a large private ranch east vegetation is sparse. In Dickens County, on 11 July of Turkey (335684E, 3809850N) in a habitat of blue 1982, 11 males and 21 females (TTU 36864-36895) stems (Schizachyrium sp.) and low-lying grama grasses were collected 24.1 km north of Guthrie. (Bouteloua sp.) along with Peromyscus leucopus, Pero¬ myscus maniculatus, Baiomys taylori, Chaetodipus hispidus, and Sigmodon hispidus. In Motley County, on Spermophilus spilosoma Bennett 1833 24 May 2008, one pregnant female (TTU 109065) was Spotted Ground Squirrel collected in a densely covered CRP field approximately 1.6 km south of Flomot (316559E, 3786887N) using The Spotted Ground Squirrel typically inhabits a Sherman trap on the same trap line as Peromyscus dry areas with sandy soils and scattered brush. The dis¬ leucopus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Baiomys taylori, tribution of this species includes the western portion of and Sigmodon hispidus. Texas and continues southward toward the Rio Grande Howell et al.—County Records of Mammals in Northwest Texas 7 Family Cricetidae 2008, three males and two females (TTU 109072, TTU Baiomys taylori (Thomas 1887) 109073,TTU 109080,TTU 109085,TTU 109091)were Northern Pygmy Mouse collected in Sherman traps in three different localities. Two individuals were collected in an area dominated Baiomys taylori is distributed throughout Texas, by patches of mesquite brush (33232IE, 3798179N) and remains to be documented from a small region in along with Peromyscus leucopus, Baiomys taylori, the northeastern part of the state. They are found in and Perognathus merriami. Peromyscus maniculatus dense grassy and weedy habitats along fencerows, high¬ was also collected along a weedy fencerow (331494E, way rights-of-way, and pastures. In Motley County, 3799734N) in a washout area within a woody ripar¬ on 13 April 2008, 24 May 2008, 25 May 2008, and 28 ian zone along with Peromyscus leucopus. A single September 2008, eight males (TTU 109042-109049) specimen was collected along a fencerow (333040E, were collected in Sherman traps in three different habi¬ 3799903N) within a dense hedge of lotebush (Ziziphus tats. Six individuals were collected in a region with sp.) along with Peromyscus leucopus, Perognathus dense, weedy juniper and mesquite brush (318039E, merriami, Chaetodipus hispidus, and Baiomys taylori. 378626 IN) along with Sigmodon hispidus, Reithrodon- In Hall County, on 27 June 1994, one scrotal male (TTU tomys montanus, Reithrodontomys megalotis, and Pero- 76909) was collected in the Texas Caprock Canyons myscus leucopus. Another individual was collected State Park (347057E, 3820539). On 31 May 1985, one in a dense, grassland pasture (316559E, 3786887N) female (TTU 76911) was collected at another location along with Sigmodon hispidus, Peromyscus leucopus, in the Texas Caprock Canyons State Park (345566E, and Chaetodipus hispidus. An additional specimen of 3820296N). Baiomys taylori was collected in sloping, dense juniper mesquite grassland (316863E, 3786602N) along with Reithrodontomys fulvescens J. A. Allen 1894 Reithrodontomys montanus, Reithrodontomys mega¬ Fulvous Harvest Mouse lotis, and Peromyscus leucopus. In Motley County, on 11 October 1975, one female (TTU 25864) was Reithrodontomys fulvescens primarily occurs collected 4.8 km east of Roaring Springs (335622E, in the eastern two-thirds of Texas and extends to the 3751374N). southwest to portions of Big Bend Ranch State Park (Yancey 1997), but remains to be documented in the Neotoma leucodon Merriam 1894 Edwards plateau. This species is usually found in White-toothed Woodrat grassy or weedy areas and occasionally in desert mes¬ quite brush. In Hall County, on 27 September 2008, Neotoma leucodon occurs across southwestern one female (TTU 109124) was collected in a Sherman Texas into central Texas and northward throughout trap along a county road next to a large field of native the panhandle. This species is found mostly in arid grasses (332321E, 3798179N) along with Chaetodipus and rocky areas that commonly consist of prickly pear, hispidus, Baiomys taylori, Peromyscus leucopus, and cholla cactus (Opuntia sp.), mesquite, and other desert Dipodomys ordii. In Motley County, on 13 April 2008 scrub. In Dickens County, on 25 October 1981, one and 25 May 2008, one male and one female (TTU scrotal male (TTU 37110) was caught 2.6 km east of 109126 and TTU 109125) were collected in Sherman Dickens (332316E, 3721489N). traps at two different localities. The first was collected near a dry creek bed in a juniper mesquite assemblage (316863E, 3786602N) along with Peromyscus at- Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner 1845) twateri, Reithrodontomys megalotis, Reithrodontomys North American Deer Mouse montanus, and Perognathus merriami. The second was collected along a fencerow bordering a CRP field The North American Deer Mouse is distributed (316559E, 3786887N) containing native grasses along widely throughout Texas, occurring in a variety of habi¬ with Sigmodon hispidus, Baiomys taylori, Reithrodon¬ tats including sparsely vegetated deserts, mixed forests, tomys megalotis, and Peromyscus leucopus. riparian zones, weedy fencerows, and washouts. In Hall County, on 20 September 2008 and 27 September 8 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Reithrodontomys montanus (Baird 1855) with Sigmodon hispidus, Baiomys taylori, Reithrodon¬ Plains Harvest Mouse tomys megalotis, and Peromyscus leucopus. The Plains Harvest Mouse is found throughout Family Erethizontidae the western two-thirds of Texas, excluding the Big Bend Erethizon dorsatum (Linneaus 1758) area. Reithrodontomys montanus commonly occurs North American Porcupine in climax grasslands as well as in overgrown highway rights-of-way, hayfields, pastures, and riparian zones. The North American Porcupine is the only In Motley County, on 13 April 2008, 24 May 2008, member of the family Erethizontidae distributed in and 25 May 2008, six males (TTU 109131-109136) the United States and Canada, ranging from Alaska were collected in Sherman traps in three different and Labrador south to northern Mexico (Woods and habitats. Two individuals were collected in dense Kilpatrick 2005). Erethizon dorsatum inhabits a variety juniper mesquite grassland along a bluff (318039E, of habitats, from coniferous forests to scrub brushlands 378626IN) along with Reithrodontomys fuhescens, and deserts. Porcupines inhabiting the northern Pan¬ Perognathus merriami, and Peromyscus attwateri. handle of Texas are associated with rocky escarpments Another individual was collected in sloping, dense ju¬ or sand sage (Oligosporus filifolius) and shin oak niper mesquite grassland (316863E, 3786602N) along (Quercus sinuate) assemblages. In Motley County, on with Baiomys taylori, Reithrodontomys megalotis, and 27 November 1988, a female Erethizon dorsatum (TTU Peromyscus leucopus. An additional three specimens 53561) was collected 18 km E of Matador. were collected along a fencerow bordering a CRP field (316559E, 3786887N) containing native grasses along Acknowledgments We would like to thank P. W. Tripp, Tabitha Tripp, and the Department of Biological Sciences at Texas Donnie Turner, Robert J. Baker, and John M. Burns for Tech University for the use of department vehicles as permission to collect on their properties. Students in the well as Dr. Clyde Jones for the use of traps. Thanks Spring 2008 Natural History of Vertebrates class and the to Heath Garner and Kathy MacDonald at the Natural Fall 2008 Mammalogy class at Texas Tech University Science Research Laboratory for curating voucher as well as Logan Bradley and Eric Chambers assisted specimens and associated tissues. in collecting specimens. Special thanks to Dr. John Zak Howell et al.—County Records of Mammals in Northwest Texas 9 Literature Cited Bailey, V. 1905. A Biological Survey of Texas. North Kennedy, S., and C. Jones. 2006. Two new records of mam¬ American Fauna 25. mals from the Davis Mountains, JeffDavis County, Texas. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech Blair, F. W. 1954. Mammals of the Mesquite Plains biotic University 252:1-4. district in Texas and Oklahoma, and speciation in the central grasslands. Texas Journal of Science Mayr, E. 1969. Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw 6:235-264. Hill, Inc. Choate, L. L. 1997. The mammals of the Llano Estacado. Pesaturo, R. J., J. K. 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Woods, C. A., and C. W. Kilpatrick. 2005. Infraorder Hystricognathi. pps. 1538-1600 in Wilson, D. Hoogland, J. L. 1996. Cynomys ludovicianus. Mammalian E. and D. M. Reeder (eds.), Mammal species of Species 535:1-10. the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, Jones, C., R. Hollander, J. K. Jones Jr., and R. W. Manning. 3rd ed., Vol. II. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. Noteworthy records of mammals from Baltimore Maryland. the Texas Panhandle. Texas Journal of Science Yancey, F. 1997. The mammals of Big Bend Ranch State 39:97-102. Park. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech Jones, J. K., J. K. Jones Jr., R. W. Manning, and R. Hol¬ University 39:1-210. lander. 1988. Mammals of the northern Texas Panhandle. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 126:1-54. 10 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Addresses of authors: Eric K. Howell Faisal A. Anwarali Khan Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 USA Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 USA eric. howell@ttu. edu faisal. anwarali@ttu. edu Ryan M. Duplechin Roxanne J. Larsen Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 USA Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 USA ryan. duplechin@ttu. edu roxy. larsen@ttu. edu Peter A. Larsen Ryan R. Chambers Department of Biological Sciences Oregon State Police Forensic Services Division Texas Tech University Portland Forensic Laboratory Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 USA 13309 SE 84th Ave, Suite 200 peter. larsen@ttu. edu Clackamas, OR 97015 ryan. r. chamber s@gmail. com J. Delton Hanson Robert D. Bradley Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Department of Biological Sciences and Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 USA Natural Science Research Laboratory, The Museum j delton. hanson@ttu. edu Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 USA robert. bradley@ttu. edu