The Annals of Iowa Volume 12|Number 7 ( 1921) pps. 510-532 Major-General Lewis Addison Grant Charles Keyes ISSN 0003-4827 Material in the public domain. No restrictions on use. This work has been identified with aCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Recommended Citation Keyes, Charles. "Major-General Lewis Addison Grant."The Annals of Iowa12 (1921), 510-532. Available at:https://doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.4169 Hosted byIowa Research Online MAJOR-GENERAL LEWIS ADDISON GRANT 511 MAJOR-GENERAL LEWIS ADDISON GRANT BY CHARLES KEYES' The real hero of "Sheridan's Ride," and the one personage of all others who made the great fame of that ride possible, appears to me not to have been the eommander liimself but one of his lieutenants, who, with a relatively small foree, had fought and held haek an entire Confederate army all day while the rest of the Union regiments were in disastrous retreat. The reeent an- nouneement of the demise of that hero reealls the fact that for a quarter of a century he was an honored and distinguished eiti- zen oí' our state, and was for years one of the most widely known survivors of the Civil War resident in the West. Major-General Grant, at the time of his death, March 20, 1918, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, at the ripe old age of four seore and ten years, was the sole survivor, save one, of the famous Old Vermont Brigade which was one of the most active units throughout tlie Civil War. Of the many engagements in whieh he: took part two in particular stand out prominently. At the battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia, he saved the Union army from signal defeat. Before Petersburg he planned and led the assault whieh hroke the Confederate lines and opened the way for Lee's surrender seven days later. Subsequently he beeame assistant secretary of war, and acting secretary of war, under President Harrison. At the elose of the Civil War General Grant resumed his law practice, first in Moline, Illinois, and afterwards at Des Moines. The last mentioned plaee he made his liome for twenty years. At the same time his praetiee led him directly into land invest- ment. Besides numerous successful eity ventures he planned and laid out Waukee, now one of the prosperous towns of Dallas County. The old Grant homestead on Third Street, in Des Moines, still retains its original eharaeteristies and environment.' 'Dr. Cliiirles Keye^). the writer of this article, was a neifcbhor of General Grant for m;iny yejirs iind talked witli him fri-niieiitlj' conceriiinif the event.s herein reliitcd, and otiier plmaes of the Civil War.^EiidOR. -Business has deeply invaded this once select residence districl, but tlie Grant residence. No. 830 Third Street, is still preaerved intact.—EDITOR, 512 ANNALS OF IOWA When, in the early eighties, the great real estate "boom" of the Twin Cities set in General Grant invested heavily. His inter- ests in Minnesota oeeupied so mueh of Iii.s attention that he finally removed to Minneapolis altogether. Lewis Addison Grant was born in Winliall Hollow, Vermont,. January 17, 1829. He was the youngest of a family of ten chil- dren. His father, James Grant (1772-1856), moved from Mas- saeliusetts to the Green Mountain state in early days and en- gaged as a sehool teaeher and farmer. His mother, before her marriage, was Elizabeth Wyman (1784-1875), of Lunenburg. Massaehusetts, daughter of David Wyman, a Revolutionary sol- dier. The original Grant aneestor in this eonntry was Christo- pher Grant (1608-1663), who emigrated from Seotland in 1630, and settled in Watertown, Massaehusetts. The boyhood of Lewis was sjient in the usual striet ways of the old New Englanders. He attended the district sehool of Townsliend, Vermont, until he was sixteen years of age. The following year he taught in this same sehool where the term before he had been pupil. Later he attended the academy at Chester, Vermont. After aeademy days he taught scliool for a period of five years iu New Jersey, in Chester, Vermont, and near Boston, meanwhile reading law. He was admitted to the bar in 1853 and began the praetiee of the law in Bellows Falls, Vermont. Ou Mareh II, 1857, young Grant was united in marriage with S. Agusta Hartwell, of Harvard, Mas.saehusetts. To them a daughter was born, now Mrs. (icorge W. Stone, of Indianapolis, Indiana. Mrs. Grant died January 27, 1859. Four years after- wards, ou September 9, 1863, Mr. Grant married Mary Helen Pieree., of Hartland, Vermont, a niece of President Franklin Pieree. Tlieir two sons are Captain James Coif ax Grant, a prominent attorney of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Dr. Ulysses Sherman Graut, uow dean of the College of Liberal Arts in Northwestern University, at Evanston, Illinois, and a distin- guished scientist of more than national reputatiou. Under the firm name of Stoughtou & Grant, at Bellows Falls, Vermont, tlie junior member had hardly entered his professional career when the Civil War came on. He at once gave up his law practice and joined the colors. MAJOR-GENERAL LEWIS ADDISON GRANT 513 Lewis A. Grant was commissioned major of the Fifth Vermont Infantry Volunteers, which wa.s mustered into service Septem- ber 16, 1861, at St. Albans, Vermont, to serve three years. This regiment was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and partici- pated in the advances of that organization during the spring of 186a. He was mustered into serviee as lieutenant-colonel of the same regiment on September 25, 1861, and was promoted to col- onel on September 16, 1862. He was honorably discharged as eol- onel on May 20, 1861-, to enable him to accept an appointment as hrigadier-general of volunteers. In the latter part of the same year he was commissioned major-general of United States volun- teers by brevet to date from Oetober 19, "for galhmt and meri- torious service in the present campaign before Richmond, Vir- ginia, and in the Shenandoah Valley," and was honorably dis- charged from the serviee August 24-, 1805. In July, 1866, he was appointed licntcnant-colonel of t!ie Tliirty-sixth Infantry, U. S. Army, but after his four years of hard service, storm and tur- moil, he ])rcferred private life and declined the honor. General Lewis A. Grant was one of the most distinguished soldiers of the Civil War, and his military services were con- spicuously \aluable. His service covered practically the whole period of the war, during all of which time he was in command of the regiment, brigade, or division to which he belonged. He was twiee wounded in battle, once in the leg at Fredericksburg, Deeember It, 1862, and again in the head at Petersburg, April 2, 1805. For distinguished gallantry in the battle of Salem Height.s, on Äiay 3, 1863, eongress awarded him a medal of honor. As shown by the records of the war department General Grant took aetive part in many engagements, the most important of wliich, with his brigade, arc as follows: Yorktown, May 5, 1862; Golding Farm, June 28, 18G2; Savage Station, June 29, 1862; White Oak Swamp, Jnne 30, 1862; Crampton Gap, Sep- tember 14, 1802; Antictam, September 17, 1862; Frcderiekshurg, December 13 and li, 1802. As brigade or division commander he was in the following battles: Fredericksburg and Salem Heights, May 3 to 5, 1863; Gettysburg, Jnly 2 and 3, 1863; Fairfield, July 5, 1803; Rappahannock Station, November 8, 514. ANNALS OF IOWA 1863; Mine River, November 27, 1863; Wilderness, May 5 to 7- 1861: Spottsylvania Court House, May 8 to 21, 186t; Cold Har- bor, June I to 12, 1861; siege of Petersburg, June 18 to July 10, 1864; Charleston, August 21, 18(îl-; Gilbert Crossing, September 13, 1861; Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864; siege of Petersburg, December, 1861, to April, 1865; assault on Petersburg, April 2, i 865; Sailor Creek, April 6, 1865. General Lewis A. Grant eommanded the Second Brigade, Sec- ond Division, of the Sixth Army Corps from February 21, 1863, to December 29, 1863; from February 2, 186'1', to September 29, 1864; from October 8, 1864, to December 2, 1864; from February 11, 1865, to February 20, 1865; and from March 7, 1865, to June 28, 1865. He commanded the Second Division of the Sixth Army Corps from December 2, 1864, to February 11, 1865. The new Fiftli Vermont organization was mustered into regular service in September, 1861, at once went to Wash- ington, wbere it joined the Army of the Potomac. Upon uniting with the Army of tlie Potomac the Fifth Regiment wa.s brigaded with four otlier Vermont regiments and later with two additional ones from the same state, aud served throughout the war as one of the few brigades composed exclusively of regiments from the same state. Bcause of the fact that this brigade was prominent in prac- tically all of the campaigns which were conducted back and forth through Virginia and Maryland it soon became famous as tbe "Old Vermont Brigade." All tbrough the desperate fight- ing on the Peninsula in 1862 the Vermonters were conspicuous for their bravery. At Antietam and later at Fredericksburg tbis brigade saw active work. In the following spring, at the See- ond Battle of Fredcricksburg, which was fougbt as a detail of the Battle of Chancellor.sville, the brigade, which General Grant was tben eommanding as senior colonel, bore a severe part. It was for his part in this aetion that General Grant later received from congress a medal for bravery. «Tintim B C Wan!, of Des Moines, who wîis a memher of tlie Second Ver- mont Infantry, one of the reftimeiits of this hrifcade. tells tl.e followm« ai,ee<iote: ^At one time when our regiment «as occupyii-R quarters nf",,'''e rwenty- «ijtth New Jersey, we were missinp; tilings a great deal. We finally killed an.l dre"sed/> dog and place.l the earrass where it could he seen, nnd m the morniii» it tas Kone. Then our hoys whistled for the doe and calle.l it nnd others would mitate its hark. Our hoy.s kept it up until tl.e .lersey l>oy,« pot plenty tired of it tmt they seeme.I to Vatch on." if they hadn't alrea-ly Ijecaiif of the quality of the meat, and our things were not molested so much after that. MAJOR-GENERAL LEWIS ADDISON GRANT 515 As the Battle of Gettysburg began (Jencral Grant and his Vermont brigade^ which was still a part of the Sixtli Army Corp.s, was at Mt. Airy, Maryland, thirty miles from the field of aetion. Breaking camp at one o'clock in the morning and marching all day they reached tht; battle ground just before sunset, and took up position on Little Round Top. Had General Lee followed the advice of Long.street the burden of tlie great assault made by Piekett, on the following day, would have fallen upon tliis bri- gade instead of tlie eenter. Lee's decision saved them from tliis fate. I'ifty years afterwards, at the grand reunion held on the bat- tlefield on the anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, General Lewis A. Grant, General Daniel E. Sit-kles, and General John R. Brooke, of tlie Union Army, and General E. M. Law, of the Confederate Army, were the only surviving general ofReers of the forces engaged, and all four were present. Congress had done a graciou.s act by appropriating funds to cover all traveling and other ex])enses of all the soldiers of both armies wlio had participated in this, the decisive battle of our Civil War. Tlie position of General Grant's First Vermont Brigade on Little Round Top on that fateful day in July, 186:î, is marked by one of the finest of the many handsome monuments erected on the field of Gettysburg. It is known as the "Vermont Lion." When acting seeretary of war during the Harrison administra- tion, in 1893, General Grant with his family visited the spot. In the aecomjianying view of the Lion (see illustration) the per- sonages are General Lewis A. Grant, Mrs. Grant, his son. Doctor Grant, and the latter's wife, Mrs. Avis Winehell Grant. When General U. S. Grant came from the western armies to take command of the Army of the Potomae the "Old Vermont Brigade" was one of the strongest and most dependable contin- gents. In the Battle of the Wilderness, than which tlie annals of history show no fiercer nor more sanguinary fighting, the Ver- monters were called upon to occupy one of the most important positions on the entire line, and for many hours they held off the attacks of two entire divisions of Hill's Confederate Army Corps. MAJOR-GENERAL LEWIS ADDISON GRANT Ö17 In 1864, wlien the eity of Washington was menaced by Early, a call came to the eommander-iu-ehief to send some of his most trustworthy troops to the defense of the national capital. Among those hurried forward was the "Old Vermont Brigade." The same brigade was amoug the picked troops which Sheridan took with him to follow Early back up the Shenandoah Valley. The fame of this brigade inereased with the passing of eaeh year of the war. Not the least record of the many proud deeds written in its history was the part it took in October, 1864, at the battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia. For the important and eonspieuous part taken in the fighting at Cedar Creek, when Sheridan, galloping from Winehester, twenty miles away, turned a defeat into victory. General L. A, Grant was eommissioned a brevet major-general of volunteers. It was his "Old Vermont Brigade" which saved that day. During the draft riots in New York towards the elose of the war, when the metropolis was faeing anarchy, the governor of the state sent a hurry eall to Washington for troops to proteet the city from property destruetion and murder. "I want men who can be absolutely trusted," was the word that went forward. Tlie "Old Vermont Brigade" was sent in reply. The Battle of Cedar Creek, or Belle Grove as it was known in the South, was one of the famous engagements of the Civil War. By it Early was silenced, danger of rebel raids in the North was eliminated. Lee's eommissary was greatly curtailed, and a speedy end of the war was brought into vision. Although it was often told in story and song, and was voluminously written of in prose and poetry, the battle itself was never very well understood, par- ticularly in the North. Stories were repeatedly told of the stealthy approach of the Confederates in the darkness just before dawn, of how they relieved our picket lines aud without hinder- anee walked into our eamp, of Sheridan's magic power in eheek- ing disaster of a thoroughly disorganized army and in leading it baek to victory. Popular conception had it that our troops had been caught asleep, that they were captured in their tents, or driven from camp half clad and that Sheridan rallied them into line, marehed tliem haek aud turned the tide of battle. Notwithstanding the fact that many of these tales are untrue, when well told they prove rather fascinating. Perhaps there is 518 ANNALS OF IOWA enough imagery in tliem to warrant poetie license and undue exaggeration to be indulged in ; but there is not much poetry or fiction about the battle itself. That is real and terrible. Its his- tory presents an instructvie study of strategy, valor and disci- pline. Stripped of all its embellishments the relation of the events is not altogether uninteresting. General L. A. Grant's own ver- sion throws many side lights upon the episode that have not yet appeared in the histories. It gives us some new ideas eoneern- ing this deeisive aetion. It is recalled tbat Sheridan had pursued Early up the Shenan- doah Valley and that his army was encamped on Cedar Creek, when he was ealled to Washington. During his absenee the Con- federates were not idle. Early's eondition was somewhat des- perate. Since the destruction of his supply train and his cattle and forage he eould no longer subsist at Fisher Hill where he then was. He must give battle or fall baek. He decided to fight. This attack he began before daylight. On the morning of the battle a dense fog hung over the valleys making a eoniprehensive view of the situation impossible. In the obscurity and excitement of the early attack there was some confusion of orders and movements on part of the Union forces. They fell baek and continued their retreat for a dis- tance of four or five miles. It was there that Sheridan found them on his return from Winchester. The entire Eightli and Nineteenth Corps and two divisions of the Sixth Corps were thus effeetually disposed of and were out of the fight. The Second Divi.sion of the Sixth Corps was the only force wldch was not in fliglit. It stood its ground. On it fell the brunt of the day's engagement. This unit was universally known as Getty's division, having been long nnder the command of Gen- eral George W. Getty. When the attaek eommeneed, the Sixth Corps was commanded by General Rieketts. General Getty was in eharge of the Seeond Division, in whieli General L. A. Grant commanded tbe Seeond, or Vermont, Brigade. Early in the ac- tion Rieketts was wounded, and the command of his corps de- volved upon Getty, while the eommand of the latter's division fell upon Grant, they being respectively the next officers in rank. On the night before the battle the Second Division of the Sixth Corps went into camp on tlie right and rear of the Union infan-