Effect of Weed Control and Sulphur on Productivity of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] [kjirokj fu;a=.k o xU/kd dk Lkks;kchu [Xykbflu esDl ¼,y-½ esfjy]dh mRikndrk ij izHkko KAMLESH KUMAR MEENA Thesis Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture (Agronomy) 2016 DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY RAJASTHAN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY UDAIPUR – 313001 (Raj.) Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur CERTIFICATE - I Date: This is to certify that Mr. Kamlesh Kumar Meena has successfully completed the preliminary examination held on 04/07/2012 as required under the regulation for post-graduate studies. (Dr. R.C. Tiwari) Professor & Head Department of Agronomy Rajasthan College of Agriculture MPUAT, Udaipur (Raj.) Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur CERTIFICATE - II Date: This is to certify that this thesis entitled, “Effect of Weed Control and Sulphur on Productivity of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]” submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture in the subject of Agronomy, embodies bonafide research work carried out by Mr. Kamlesh Kumar Meena under my guidance and supervision and that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been fully acknowledged. The draft of this thesis was also approved by the advisory committee on dated ………….. (Dr. R.C. Tiwari) (Dr. V. Nepalia) Professor & Head Professor & Major Advisor Department of Agronomy Department of Agronomy (Dr. Anila Doshi) Dean Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur CERTIFICATE - III Date: _______ This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Effect of Weed Control and Sulphur on Productivity of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]” submitted by Mr Kamlesh Kumar Meena to Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture in the subject of Agronomy after recommendation by the external examiner was defended by the candidate before the following members of the examination committee. The performance of the candidate in the oral examination on his thesis has been found satisfactory, we therefore, recommend that the thesis be approved. (Dr. V. Nepalia) (Dr. Dilip Singh) Major Advisor Advisor (Dr. Mahendra Sharma) (Dr. B. Upadhyay) Advisor Advisor (Dr. N. K. Punjabi) (Dr. R.C. Tiwari) DRI Nominee Professor & Head Department of Agronomy (Dr. Anila Doshi) (Dr. ____________) Dean Rajasthan College of Agriculture, External Examiner MPUAT, Udaipur Approved (Dr. R.A. Kaushik) Director Resident Instructions Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur CERTIFICATE - IV Date …………… This is to certify that Mr. Kamlesh Kumar Meena, student of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur has made all corrections / modifications in the thesis entitled “Effect of Weed Control and Sulphur on Productivity of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”, which were suggested by the external examiner and the advisory committee in the oral examination held on …………... The final copies of the thesis duly bound and corrected were submitted on ………….. are enclosed herewith for approval. (Dr. R.C. Tiwari) (Dr. V. Nepalia) Professor & Head Professor &Major Advisor Department of Agronomy Department of Agronomy Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur MPUAT, Udaipur (Dr. Anila Doshi) Dean Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur Effect of Weed Control and Sulphur on Productivity of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Kamlesh Kumar Meena 1 Dr. V. Nepalia** Research Scholar Major Advisor ABSTRACT A field experiment entitled “Effect of weed control and sulphur on productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]” was conducted during kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Instructional Farm (Agronomy), Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The study involved twenty eight treatment combinations, comprising seven weed control treatments (weedy check, pre- emergence application of pendimethalin at 1000 g ha-1, post-emergence application of quizalofop-ethyl at 50 g ha-1 and imazethapyr at 100 g ha-1 at 15 day after sowing alone and followed by hoeing & weeding at 30 DAS) and four levels of sulphur (control, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in split plot design, assigning weed management to main plots and sulphur to sub plots. The treatments were replicated thrice. Compared to weedy check, all the weed control treatments reduced total weed count and dry matter at 25 and 50 DAS and at harvest during both the years. However, pre- emergence application of pendimethalin at 25 DAS while pendimethalin followed by hoeing & weeding at 30 DAS was significantly superior in reducing total weed count and dry matter at 50 DAS and harvest over rest of the treatments. Pendimethalin fb hoeing & weeding was significantly superior in reducing N, P, K and S uptake by weeds at harvest and also accounted for highest weed control efficiency at 50 DAS and harvest (90.19 and 88.39 per cent, respectively), closely followed by imazethapyr and quizalofop-ethyl fb hoeing & weeding. All weed control treatments significantly enhanced seed, straw and biological yields of soybean over weedy check. Pendimethalin PE fb by hoeing & weeding gave maximum branches plant-1, pods length, pods plant-1 and 1000-seed weight followed by imazethapyr and quizalofop-ethyl POE fb hoeing & weeding. Consequently, pendimethalin fb hoeing & weeding produced significantly higher seed (2168 kg ha-1), straw (3167 kg ha-1) and biological (5335 kg ha-1) yields compared to other treatments except imazethapyr and quizalofop-ethyl fb hoeing & weeding. Application of pendimethalin, imazethapyr and quizalofop-ethyl fb hoeing & weeding resulted in 170.0, 148.7 and 127.5 per cent increase in seed yield over weedy check, respectively. All the weed control treatments gave significantly higher 1 Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur. ** Professor, Department of Agronomy, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur. the N, P, K and S uptake by soybean seed and straw by applying pendimethalin fb hoeing & weeding over rest of the treatment and weedy check. Sulphur rates had no significant effect on weed count, dry matter and weed control efficiency. Application of 20 kg S ha-1 resulted in significantly higher in N, K and S uptake by weeds whereas P uptake was significantly higher by applying 40 kg S ha-1. The plant height increased significantly by applying 20 kg S ha-1 while number of branches plant-1 increased significantly by up to 60 kg S ha-1. Application of 40 kg S ha-1 resulted in significantly higher crop dry matter at 25 and 75 DAS but results were significant only up to 20 kg S ha-1 at 50 DAS and harvest. Significantly higher pod length and pods plant-1 were obtained by applying 40 kg S ha-1 while seeds pod-1 and 1000-seed weight increased significantly up to 60 kg S ha-1. Significantly higher seed (1892 kg ha-1), straw (2624 kg ha-1) and biological (4516 kg ha-1) yields and harvest index of soybean were obtained by applying 40 kg S ha-1. Application of 40 kg S ha-1 resulted in significantly highest N and K uptake by crop whereas P and S uptake was significantly higher by applying 60 kg ha-1. Increasing rate of sulphur application up to 60 kg ha-1 tended to significantly increase protein and oil content of soybean seed. Amongst weed control treatments highest net return of ` 40682 ha-1 was obtained through pendimethalin PE followed by hoeing & weeding at 30 DAS that correspondingly showed higher B: C ratio of 1.77. Amongst S levels, 40 kg S ha-1 registered significantly higher net returns (` 33970 ha-1) and B: C ratio of 1.56. 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