Machinery Adhesives for Locking, Retaining, and Sealing MECHANICAL ENGINEERING A Series of Textbooks and Reference Books EDITORS L. L. FAULKNER S. B. MENKES Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University The City College of the Columbus, Ohio City University of New York New York, New York 1. Spring Designer’s Handbook, by Harold Carlson 2. Computer-Aided Graphics and Design, by Daniel L. Ryan 3. Lubrication Fundamentals, by J. George Wills 4. Solar Engineering for Domestic Buildings, by William A. Himmelman 5. Applied Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics, by G. Boothroyd and C. Poli 6. Centrifugal Pump Clinic, by IgorJ. Karassik 7. Computer-Aided Kinetics for Machine Design, by Daniel L. Ryan 8. Plastics Products Design Handbook, Part A: Materials and Components; Part B: Processes and Design for Processes, edited by Edward Miller 9. Turbomachinery: Basic Theory and Applications, by Earl Logan, Jr. 10. Vibrations of Shells and Plates, by Werner Soedel 11. Flat and Corrugated Diaphragm Design Handbook, by Mario Di Giovanni 12. Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design, by Alexander Blake 13. An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, by John H. Bickford 14. Optimal Engineering Design: Principles and Applications, by James N. Siddall 15. Spring Manufacturing Handbook, by Harold Carlson 16. Industrial Noise Control: Fundamentals and Applications, edited by Lewis H. Bell 17. Gears and Their Vibration: A Basic Approach to Understanding Gear Noise, by J. Derek Smith 18. Chains for Power Transmission and Material Handling: Design and Applications Handbook, by the American Chain Association 18. Chains for Power Transmission and Material Handling: Design and Applications Handbook, by the American Chain Association 19. Corrosion and Corrosion Protection Handbook, edited by Philip A. Schweitzer 20. Gear Drive Systems: Design and Application, by Peter Lynwander 21. Controlling In-Plant Airborne Contaminants: Systems Design and Calculations, by John D. Constance 22. CAD/CAM Systems Planning and Implementation, by Charles S. Knox 23. Probabilistic Engineering Design: Principles and Applications, by James N. Siddall 24. Traction Drives: Selection and Application, by Frederick W. Heilich III and Eugene E. Shube 25. Finite Element Methods: An Introduction, by Ronald L. Huston and Chris E. Passerello 26. Mechanical Fastening of Plastics: An Engineering Handbook, by Brayton Lincoln, Kenneth J. Gomes, and James F. Braden 27. Lubrication in Practice, Second Edition, edited by W. S. Robertson 28. Principles of Automated Drafting, by Daniel L. Ryan 29. Practical Seal Design, edited by Leonard J. Martini 30. Engineering Documentation for CAD/CAM Applications, by Charles S. Knox 31. Design Dimensioning with Computer Graphics Applications, by Jerome C. Lange 32. Mechanism Analysis: Simplified Graphical and Analytical Techniques, by Lyndon O. Barton 33. CAD/CAM Systems: Justification, Implementation, Productivity Measurement, by Edward J\ Preston, George W. Crawford, and Mark E. Coticchia 34. Steam Plant Calculations Manual, by V. Ganapathy 35. Design Assurance for Engineers and Managers, by John A. Burgess 36. Heat Transfer Fluids and Systems for Process and Energy Applications, by Jasbir Singh 37. Potential Flows: Computer Graphic Solutions, by Robert H. Kirchhoff 38. Computer-Aided Graphics and Design, Second Edition, by Daniel L. Ryan 39. Electronically Controlled Proportional Valves: Selection and Application, by Michael J. Tonyan, edited by Tobi Goldoftas 40. Pressure Gauge Handbook, by AMETEK, U.S. Gauge Division, edited by Philip W. Harland 41. Fabric Filtration for Combustion Sources: Fundamentals and Basic Technology, by R. P. Donovan 42. Design of Mechanical Joints, by Alexander Blake 43. CAD/CAM Dictionary, by Edward J. Preston, George W. Crawford, and MarkE. Coticchia 44. Machinery Adhesives for Locking, Retaining, and Sealing, by Girard S. Haviland OTHER VOLUMES IN PREPARATION Machinery Adhesives for Locking, Retaining, and Sealing GIRARD S. H AVI LAND Loctite Corporation Newington, Connecticut Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York and Basel Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haviland, Girard S., [date] Machinery adhesives for locking, retaining, and sealing. (Mechanical engineering ; 44) Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Joints (Engineering) 2. Adhesives. 3. Machine parts. 4. Metal bonding. I. Title. II. Title: Machinery adhesives. III. Series. TJ1320.H38 1986 621.8f6 85-25314 ISBN 0-8247-7467-1 COPYRIGHT ©1986 by MARCEL DEKKER, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo­ copying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. MARCEL DEKKER, INC. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Current printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Dedicated to the conquest of inner space and improvement of productivity in the world, and to the Loctite Corporation and its customers who are working to make this happen. Preface The spaces left after the assembly of threaded, flanged, and press- fitted parts have always been a source of trouble. The amount of metal-to-metal contact between threads and heavy press fits varies between 20 and 30% of the total area involved, which means that 70 to 80% is do-nothing space. Shifting threads, moving flanges, and fret­ ting cylindrical fits will loosen, leak, and allow parts to fail catastro­ phically. Before 1956, the ills of inner space were treated mechanically by eliminating as much space as possible with closer fits and finer finishes, at ever-increasing cost and with rapidly diminishing results. Jamming the space with an intermediate material such as caulk or solder was effective but awkward and sometimes, with solder, thermally de­ structive and irreversible. Since 1956 the Loctite Corporation has specialized in organic materials that cure exclusively in these airless spaces, adding convenience to function and resulting in benefits of cost and reliability that modern engineering cannot ignore. The Loctite Corporation’s assistance in preparing this book has been critical to its accuracy and completion. The object of this book is to guide the designer, process engineer, or mechanic in selecting and using anaerobic machinery adhesives ef­ fectively. It is my hope that students of engineering also will benefit from this book, so I will include the ’’why” as well as ’’what” and ’’how” about these materials. By understanding machinery adhesive technology, it is possible to be innovative in its application. The early innovators were called ’’Loctite Charlies” because of their addiction for adhesive solutions to mechanical fitting problems. I am indebted to them for showing the way and providing examples that I have categorized into generic classes. These generic examples are shown in the appropriate v