Abid Yahya LTE-A Cellular Networks Multi-hop Relay for Coverage, Capacity and Performance Enhancement LTE-A Cellular Networks Abid Yahya LTE-A Cellular Networks Multi-hop Relay for Coverage, Capacity and Performance Enhancement With contributions from JaafarA.Aldhaibani R.BadlishahAhmad JosephM.Chuma AbidYahya BIUST BotswanaInternationalUniversityofScience&Technology Palapye,Botswana ISBN978-3-319-43303-5 ISBN978-3-319-43304-2 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-43304-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016949555 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland TheregisteredcompanyaddressisGewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Dedicated to my family for their love, support, and sacrifice along the path of my academic pursuits Abid Yahya Dedicated to those exemplary personalities who strive for the betterment of mankind without personal gain Jaafar A. Aldhaibani Preface Multi-hoprelayisconsideredasoneofthemainkeysforLongTermEvaluation— Advanced (LTE-A) to meet the growing demand for coverage extension and capacityenhancement.However,thesebenefitsofmulti-hopdependonthelocation ofRelayNode(RN)whichmitigatesinterferenceamongthecells. Thisbookconsistsoffivechaptersandisorganizedasfollows: Chapter1givesanoverview,clarifyingtheissuesandmotivatingaspectofthe research,togetherwiththeobjectives,andoverallbooklayout. Chapter2providesaliteraturesurveyforvariousmethodsofrelaydeployment, and updates the state of current developments and solutions in the field of relay techniques, while evaluating the developments and solutions and critique of each method. Chapter 3 gives a detailed explanation of three mathematical modeling tech- niques called Optimum RN Deployment (ORND), Enhance Relay Link Capacity (ERLC), and Balance Power Algorithm (BPA) within LTE-A cellular networks. ORND involves the mathematical derivation of the optimum RN location, an allocation of transmitted power for each RN, the optimum number of RNs within cell, the handover process, and the frequency reuse scheme. ERLC focuses on performanceanalysisbyemployingtwoantennatypesintheRNtoenhancerelay link capacity. At the end of this chapter, the BPA is illustrated to minimize the transmissionpowerconsumptionforMR. Chapter 4 details the results from mathematical formulations and compares it withthesimulationresultsintermsofspectralefficiency,coveragearea,through- put,andtransmissionpowerconsumptionsfortheMRusingBPA. Chapter 5 presents optimum location for relay node in LTE-A. This chapter concludestheoriginalityandinnovationswithasummaryoftheresults. Palapye,Botswana AbidYahya JaafarA.Aldhaibani R.BadlishahAhmad JosephM.Chuma vii Acknowledgments Thank you to the following individuals without whose contributions and support thisbookwouldnothavebeenwritten: Authors would like to express their special gratitude and thanks to Botswana InternationalUniversityofScienceandTechnology(BIUST),UniversitiMalaysia Perlis(UniMAP),Regent UniversityCollege ofScienceandTechnology (RUCT) Ghana,andUniversityCollegeofScienceandTechnology(RUCST)forgivingus suchattention,time,andopportunitytopublishthisbook. Authorswouldalsoliketotakethisopportunitytoexpresstheirgratitudetoall those people who have provided us with invaluable help in the writing and publicationofthisbook. ix