Lost Critical Issues in Health and Medicine Edited by Rima D. Apple, University of Wisconsin– Madison, and Janet Golden, Rutgers University, Camden Growing criticism of the U.S. health c are system is coming from consumers, politicians, the media, activists, and health c are profes- sionals. Critical Issues in Health and Medicine is a collection of books that explores t hese con temporary dilemmas from a variety of perspectives, among them po liti cal, l egal, historical, so cio log i cal, and comparative, and with attention to crucial dimensions such as race, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and culture. For a list of titles in the series, see the last page of the book. Lost • Miscarriage in Nineteenth- Century Amer i ca Shannon Withycombe Rutgers University Press New Brunswick, Camden, and Newark, New Jersey, and London Names: Withycombe, Shannon, author. Title: Lost : miscarriage in nineteenth-century America / Shannon Withycombe. Description: New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017059908| ISBN 9780813591544 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780813591537 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780813591551 (epub) | ISBN 9780813591575 (pdf) Subjects: | MESH: Abortion, Spontaneous—history | Abortion, Spontaneous—psychology | Pregnancy—psychology | Fetal Research—history | History, 19th Century | United States Classification: LCC RG648 | NLM WQ 11 AA1 | DDC 618.3/92—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017059908 A British Cataloging- in- Publication rec ord for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2019 by Shannon Withycombe All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 106 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, N.J. 08901. The only exception to this prohibition is “fair use” as defined by U.S. copyright law. The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39 . 48 - 1992. www . rutgersuniversitypress . org Manufactured in the United States of Amer i ca For all the women who have lost Contents Introduction 1 1. Oh Joy, Oh Rapture: Describing the Nineteenth- Century Miscarriage 13 2. Enveloped in Mystery: Pregnancy and Miscarriage in the Late Eigh teenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 42 3. Before Its Due Time: Setting Standards in Miscarriage, 1830–1860s 59 4. Dr. Taylor Went Up in the Uterus: Miscarriage Treatment and Intrusive Interventions, 1860–1900 93 5. The Body in the Clot: Medical Interest in Miscarried Tissues, 1870–1912 125 Conclusion 162 Acknowl edgments 173 Notes 177 Index 213 vii Lost