Local Government Management In a recent paradigm shift, local governments find themselves shouldering more responsibility for day-to-day governance and crisis management, thanks to regulations and federal spending cuts. While 20 years ago a book on local government administration might have been considered complete with chapters on budgeting, public personnel management, productivity and responsivity, and community engagement, any discussion of local government must now also include resilience, emergency management, climate change, smart cities, social media, and infrastructure funding. Bringing together key voices from the academic and public sectors, Local Government Management offers techniques and insight into how local government can most effectively lead and manage their resources in an evolving political—and environmental—landscape. Featuring examples from expert contributors’ own decades of public service and research, this forward-thinking book explores the rapid speed of change in local communities and the need for local government to not only adapt but also proactively plan for the future. Local Government Management is essential reading for local government officials, public stakeholders, practitioners, and students of public administration and management. Nicolas A. Valcik works as the Director of Effectiveness Analytics for a college based in Texas. Previously he worked for Texas Tech University as the Director of Institutional Research, UT-Permian Basin as the Director of Institutional Research and Business Intelligence, Central Washington University as the Executive Director of Institutional Effectiveness, and the University of Texas at Dallas as the Associate Director for the Office of Strategic Planning and Analysis. He additionally held a faculty appointment for the Program of Public Affairs in the School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences at the University of Texas at Dallas. He is the editor/author of numerous books and chapters for Routledge/ Taylor & Francis. Teodoro J. Benavides serves as a faculty member and the MPA Director for the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) in the School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences’ Public and Nonprofit Management Program. He previously served as a Senior Vice President for the Waters Consulting Group and served from 1998 to 2004 as City Manager of Dallas, Texas. He was responsible for administering all programs and services for the city’s 1.2 million people, overseeing an annual $1.9 billion municipal budget, and directing a workforce of 13,000 employees. Benavides serves as a member of the City of Glenn Heights, Texas, Economic Development Corporation. He is the co-author of City Planning for the Public Manager (Routledge, 2018), Non-Profit Organizations (Routledge, 2015), and Practical Human Resources Management for Public Managers (Routledge, 2011). American Society for Public Administration Series in Public Administration & Public Policy David H. Rosenbloom, Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief Mission: Throughout its history, ASPA has sought to be true to its founding principles of promoting scholarship and professionalism within the public service. The ASPA Book Series on Public Administration and Public Policy publishes books that increase national and international interest for public administration and which discuss practical or cutting edge topics in engaging ways of interest to practitioners, policy makers, and those concerned with bringing scholarship to the practice of public administration. Recent Publications Making Collaboratives Work How Complex Organizational Partnerships Succeed Susan Meyers Chandler Dwight Waldo Administrative Theorists for our Times Richard J. Stillman II The Practice of Government Public Relations, Second Edition Mordecai Lee, Grant Neeley, and Kendra Stewart Effective Nonprofit Management Context, Concepts, and Competencies Shamima Ahmed Government Contracting Ethical Promises and Perils In Public Procurement William Sims Curry Local Government Management Edited by Nicolas A. Valcik and Teodoro J. Benavides Local Government Management Edited by Nicolas A. Valcik and Teodoro J. Benavides Designed cover image: © dibrova (Getty Images) First published 2023 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Nicolas A. Valcik and Teodoro J. Benavides; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Nicolas A. Valcik and Teodoro J. Benavides to be identified as the author[/s] of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Valcik, Nicolas A., editor. | Benavides, Teodoro J., editor. Title: Local government management: promises and perils/edited by Nicolas A. Valcik and Teodoro J. Benavides. Identifiers: LCCN 2022048990 (print) | LCCN 2022048991 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367029036 (Hardback) | ISBN 9780429001086 (eBook) Subjects: LCSH: Local government–Management. | Local government–Study and teaching–United States. Classification: LCC JS78 .L6544 2023 (print) | LCC JS78 (ebook) | DDC 320.8068–dc23/eng/20230113 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022048990 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022048991 ISBN: 9780367029036 (hbk) ISBN: 9781032459851 (pbk) ISBN: 9780429001086 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429001086 Typeset in Sabon by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Nicolas A. Valcik and Teodoro J. Benavides would like to dedicate this book to our practitioner colleague, Paul Erik Frederiksen, who passed this March 12, 2021. Paul had an unbelievable impact on his family, friends, and all his public sector colleagues. Whatever we said about Paul’s legacy would only provide a hint of the mark that he left on those that knew him. Nick and I miss every day his wit, humor, and pugnacious personality. Contents About the editors ix List of contributors xi Foreword xv Preface xviii Acknowledgments xx 1 Introduction 1 PAUL G. GRIMES 2 Elected Officials and City Managers 32 ARETHA R. FERRELL-BENAVIDES 3 The City Manager’s Perspective 46 JAMES FISHER, JEFFREY H. MOSHIER, AND TEODORO J. BENAVIDES 4 Civic Engagement, Policy, and Management through Digital Strategy and Communication Networks 62 SANA SALMA SYED 5 Budgeting and Financial Management 82 TEODORO J. BENAVIDES 6 Human Resources 96 SAMANTHA DEAN 7 Economic Development, Land Use, and Resilience Impact on Growth Policy 109 TRENT O. PETTY 8 E-Government, Privacy, Technology, and Innovation 130 JOE BEAUCHAMP viii Contents 9 The Sharing Economy: A Disruptive Innovator for City Government 144 JEFFREY H. MOSHIER 10 Business Stakeholders in Local Government and the Community 167 JOHN JACOBS 11 Local Government Management and Paramedicine 181 KRISTI L. VALCIK 12 Municipal Government Relations 195 BRETT WILKINSON 13 School Districts 217 TEODORO J. BENAVIDES 14 Local Government and Nonprofit Relationships 233 TODD JORDAN 15 Urban Planning and Affordable Housing 247 PAUL FREDERIKSEN 16 Homelessness and Affordable Housing in the Urban Areas 264 CELESTE HAIDUK COX AND ALMA HERNANDEZ 17 Immigration and the American City 295 JESUS NAVA 18 Green Movement: Environmental Concerns 316 JILL JORDAN 19 Accountability 336 TARRON J. RICHARDSON 20 Strategic Planning and Non-Routine Management Challenges: Homeland Security and Emergency Management, e.g. COVID-19 350 NICOLAS A. VALCIK 21 Epilogue: Trends and Current Issues 363 NICOLAS A. VALCIK AND TED J. BENAVIDES Index 375 About the Editors Teodoro J. Benavides currently serves as an Associate Professor of Practice for the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) in the School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences’ Public and Nonprofit Management Program. In addition, he serves as the Director of the Master of Public Affairs Program and the department’s Internship Coordinator. Benavides has co-authored a textbook on human resources titled Practical Human Resources for Public Managers with Nicolas A. Valcik, a textbook on nonprofits titled Non-Profit Organizations: Real Issues for Public Administrators with Nicolas A. Valcik and Kimberly Scruton, and a textbook on urban planning titled City Planning for the Public Manager with Nicolas A. Valcik, Todd Jordan, and Andrea Stigdon. Benavides just recently completed co-authoring with Nicolas A. Valcik and Meghna Sabharwal the book Human Resource Information Systems: A Guide for Public Administrators. Benavides served from 1998 to 2004 as the City Manager of Dallas, Texas. From 1996 to 1998, Benavides was the City Manager of Denton, Texas. Previously, he held several other positions with the City of Dallas, including Assistant City Manager, Director of Budget and Research, Assistant Director of Human Services, Assistant Director of Capital Budget Programs, Capital Budget Administrator, and Budget Analyst. Benavides earned a bachelor’s degree in education, political science, and history from Texas A&M University-Kingsville and a master’s degree in public administration from Southern Methodist University. Benavides is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA). Nicolas A. Valcik currently works as the Managing Director for Institutional Research at Texas Tech University. Previously Valcik was the Director for Institutional Research and Business Intelligence at the University of Texas of the Permian Basin, the Executive Director for Institutional Effectiveness at Central Washington University, the Director for Institutional Research for West Virginia University, and the Associate Director of Strategic Planning and Analysis for the University of Texas at Dallas. In addition, Nicolas held an academic appointment as a clinical Assistant Professor for Public Affairs