Living Archetypes Anthony Stevens has devoted a lifetime to modernizing our understanding of the archetypes within us, relating them to conceptual developments in a variety of scientific disciplines, such as the patterns of behaviour of behavioural ecology, the species-specific behavioural systems of Bowlby’s attachment theory, the deep structures of Chomskian linguistics, and the modules of evolutionary psychology, to name but a few. This selection of papers and chapters from the course of Stevens’ career, all lucidly written and argued, highlight episodes in the progress of his quest to place archetypal theory on a sound scientific foundation. As a whole, Living Archetypes examines how archetypes are activated in the life history of all of us, how arche- typal imperatives may be fulfilled or thwarted by our living circumstances, how they manifest in our dreams, symbols, fantasies and symptoms, and how appreciating their dynamics can generate insights of enormous therapeutic power. Living Archetypes: The selected works of Anthony Stevens provides an invalu- able resource for Jungian psychotherapists, psychologists, academics, and students committed to extending the evolutionary approach to psychology and psychiatry and understanding the dynamic significance of archetypes. Anthony Stevens has spent his professional life working as a Jungian analyst, psychiatrist, and writer. He is a graduate of Oxford University and in addition to a Doctorate in Medicine has two degrees in Psychology. He is a Senior Member of the Independent Group of Analytical Psychologists and a Member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. His previous books include Archetype Revisited: An Updated Natural History of the Self and Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning, with John Price. World Library of Mental Health series The World Library of Mental Health celebrates the important contributions to mental health made by leading experts in their individual fields. Each author has compiled a career-long collection of what they consider to be their finest pieces: extracts from books, journals, articles, major theoretical and practical contributions, and salient research findings. For the first time ever the work of each contributor is presented in a single volume so readers can follow the themes and progress of their work and identify the contributions made to, and the development of, the fields themselves. Each book in the series features a specially written introduction by the contributor giving an overview of his career, contextualizing his selection within the development of the field, and showing how his own thinking developed over time. Rationality and Pluralism – The selected works of Windy Dryden By Windy Dryden Attachments: Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis – The selected works of Jeremy Holmes By Jeremy Holmes The Price of Love – The selected works of Colin Murray Parkes By Colin Murray Parkes Passions, Persons, Psychotherapy, Politics – The selected works of Andrew Samuels By Andrew Samuels Towards a Radical Redefinition of Psychology – The selected works of Miller Mair Edited by David Winter and Nick Reed Journeys in Psychoanalysis – The selected works of Elizabeth Spillius Living Archetypes – The selected works of Anthony Stevens By Anthony Stevens Soul: Treatment and Recovery – The selected works of Murray Stein By Murray Stein A Developmentalist’s Approach to Research, Theory, and Therapy – The selected works of Joseph Lichtenberg By Joseph D. Lichtenberg Praise for Archetype Revisited: An Updated Natural History of the Self (2002): ‘This is a very welcome arrival after nearly twenty years since the first edition. The new publication is not only a new edition of the original work, but we have the pleasure of reading an update at the end of each chapter. Dr Anthony Stevens is revisiting his Natural History of the Self. . . . This book I hope will become a stand- ard text for all budding Jungian analysts. More than that. It should be read by all in clinical and academic psychology and psychiatry so as to open the minds and traditions of what is all too often a doctrinaire and dogmatic education.’ John Stewart, Harvest ‘Reading this book is an enlightening experience. Stevens draws the reader into a wide landscape of exploration which brings with it new and interesting insights and connections. He has endeavoured to cover all aspects of what is meant by the term ‘archetype’ and to bring the reader up to date with current research and ideas. . . . The book itself is an archetypal exploration of the spectrum of what it means to be human and to live and express humanness and, as such, is an impor- tant contribution which is well worth reading.’ Journal of Analytical Psychology, no. 48, 2003 Praise for Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning (1996): ‘When the first edition of this book appeared, I rated it among the top 25 books of the decade. An evolutionary perspective, not yet a dominant theme in orthodox psychiatry, has the potential to integrate physiology, psychology, psychoanalysis and psychopathology. In the revised edition of this highly original book, the authors further document how such a perspective can enrich the clinician’s approach to mental disorders. I highly recommend it as first reading to those uninitiated in evolutionary psychology and psychiatry.’ Hagop S. Akiskal, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Director of International Mood Center, University of California at San Diego, and Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Affective Disorders ‘In my view, this attempt at a new paradigm is one of the most fruitful developments in psychiatry in recent years.’ Dr Anthony Storr, Financial Times, November 23–24, 1996 Praise for Archetype: A Natural History of the Self (1990): ‘A remarkable book . . . gives us a kind of Rosetta Stone by which to translate the concepts of Jungian depth-psychology into those of anthropology, ethology, socio- biology, psychology and (even) neurophysiology. It is extraordinarily successful in this ambition, overweening and hopeless as one might have supposed it to be.’ Dr Eliot Slater, December 1982 ‘Dr Anthony Stevens has made a major contribution to Jungian studies as well as indicating the common ground between seemingly incompatible disciplines.’ Dr Glin Bennet, The British Medical Journal, February 19th, 1983 ‘Stevens writes not only with clarity but with refreshing personal commitment . . . we are offered so daring an attempt at synthesis, one that in years to come may well be seen as seminal.’ Ronald Higgins, Resurgence, September–October, 1982 ‘At last, a well-written definitive book on C.G. Jung’s archetypes.’ Times-News, September 17, 1982 ‘Like Jung, Stevens writes with flashes of brilliance and insight.’ Kirkus Reviews ‘. . . helps to open up an approach to human nature which has relevance to literally everything we do, say, or feel . . . the best general guide so far to the astonishing work done in recent years on how different functions of the psyche are physically centered in the different parts of the brain.’ Christopher Booker, Sunday Telegraph, April 25, 1982 ‘Jung was not a good exponent of his ideas and I recommend Dr Stevens’ book as one of the best introductions to his thought and its practical implications.’ Dr Anthony Storr, Times Literary Supplement Praise for On Jung (1990): ‘From the beginning of this book, the reader is aware of being in the presence of a sea- soned and highly knowledgeable scholar and practitioner. . . . The writing is clear and graceful. . . . This work is distinctive, original in its organization, and pleasing to read.’ James Jarrett, University of California, Berkeley ‘This is an excellent book. . . . Many potential readers of Jung feel intimidated by Jung’s style and the sheer bulk of his collected works. They could do no better than to turn to Anthony Stevens for enlightenment. He is an exceptionally clear expositor of Jung’s thought.’ Anthony Storr, The Independent ‘In On Jung Anthony Stevens offers an informative and clear explanation of the basic principles of Jungian psychology. . . . Stevens skillfully employs object rela- tions theory in his analysis. . . . His treatment of the history of Jung’s family and the impact of its dynamics on Jung’s personality is refreshingly honest.’ John-Raphael Staude, The Times Literary Supplement ‘Quite simply, this is quite the best introduction to Jungian psychology that I have seen. A must for anyone who would want to understand Jung’s work. . . . The reader is treated to both a concise statement of Carl Gustav Jung’s theories of life-stage development and a parallel narrative of Jung’s experiences as he moved through each of these stages. Stevens’s unique method of combining a primer of Jung life-stage the- ory with a biography of Jung is an effective introduction to the man and his work.’ LogosWord Webstore Product Reviews ‘On Jung was chosen by Deirdre Bair, Jung’s eminent biographer, as one of her Top Ten Jungian Books. She wrote: ‘On Jung by Anthony Stevens [is] a splendid overview of Jung’s personal and professional development. An excellent introduc- tion to Jung’s life and the origin of his ideas.’ Guardian Unlimited, Books Living Archetypes The selected works of Anthony Stevens Anthony Stevens First published 2016 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA And by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Anthony Stevens The right of Anthony Stevens to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Stevens, Anthony. [Works. Selections] Living archetypes : the selected works of Anthony Stevens / Anthony Stevens. pages cm Includes index. 1. Archetype (Psychology) 2. Jung, C. G. (Carl Gustav), 1875-1961. 3. Psychoanalysis. 4. Self. I. Title. BF175.5.A72S754 2003 150.19′54—dc23 2015002422 ISBN: 978-1-138-81767-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-74554-1 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK CONTENTS Acknowledgements ix General introduction 1 1 Personal introduction to Archetype: A Natural History of the Self (1982) 5 2 Attachment behaviour, separation anxiety, and stranger anxiety in polymatrically reared infants, from The Origins of Human Social Relations, edited by H.R. Schaffer (1971) 19 3 The mother, from Archetype: A Natural History of the Self (1982) 25 4 On the frustration of archetypal intent, from Archetype: A Natural History of the Self (1982) 37 5 Attenuation of the mother-child bond and male initiation into adult life, Journal of Adolescence (1981) 45 6 The stages of life, Chapter 3 of Jung: A Very Short Introduction (1994/2001) 60 7 From The Two Million-Year-Old Self (1993) 76 8 Jungian therapy in theory and practice, excerpt from The Talking Cure (2013) 93 9 The poetry machine, from Private Myths: Dreams and Dreaming (1995) 103 10 Dreams in therapy, from Private Myths: Dreams and Dreaming (1995) 108 11 From Ariadne’s Clue: A Guide to the Symbols of Humankind (1998) 132 12 From The Archetypes, Chapter 3 of The Handbook of Jungian Psychology: Theory, Practice and Applications, edited by Renos K. Papadopoulos (2006) 153 13 From The Roots of War and Terror (2004) 159 14 Personal afterword, from Archetype Revisited (2002) 179 15 Towards a science of humanity, from Evolutionary Psychiatry (2000) 186 Comprehensive list of publications by Anthony Stevens 190 Glossary 192 Index 197 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my thanks to the following: to Routledge for permission to use material from Archetype: A Natural History of the Self (1982), from Archetype Revisited: An Updated Natural History of the Self (2002), from Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning (2000), and from The Handbook of Jungian Psychology (2006); to Elsevier for permission to include my chapter on attachment behaviour from The Origins of Human Social Behaviour (1971) and my paper on the attenuation of the mother bond in The Journal of Adolescence (1981); to the Oxford University Press for permission to include my chapter on the stages of life from Jung: A Very Short Introduction (2001); to Texas A&M University Press for permission to include material from The Two Million-year-old Self (1993); to Bloomsbury Publishing for permission to include Chapter 2 from The Roots of War and Terror (2004); to Inner City Books for permission to include material from Volume 1 of The Talking Cure (2013); to Hamish Hamilton and to the Harvard University Press for permission to include two chapters from Private Myths: Dreams and Dreaming (1995); and to Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, and Princeton University Press for permission to include material from Ariadne’s Clue: A Guide to the Symbols of Humankind (1998). My special thanks are due to Kate Hawes of Routledge for commissioning me to make this selection of papers and chapters from my work, and to Susannah Frearson, Susan Wickenden, and Caroline Watson for their cheerful expertise in seeing the process through to publication.