LIVES, LIBERTIES AND THE PUBLIC GOOD Also published by Palgravc Macmillan in association with the London School of Economics THE POLITICAL USES OF IDEOLOGY H. M. Drucker PEASANTS AND GOVERNMENT IN THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Graeme J. Gill THE ARMY AND THE CROWD IN MID-GEORGIAN ENGLAND Tony Hayter OIL AND EMPIRE: BRITISH POLICY AND MESOPOTAMIAN OIL, 1900-1920 Marian Kent ECONOMIC CRIME IN EUROPE L. H. Leigh (editor) MEN AND CITIZENS IN THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Andrew Linklater NESTOR MAKHNO IN THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR Michael Malet THE NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY C. A. W. Manning GRAHAM WALLAS AND THE GREAT SOCIETY Terence H. Qualter OPINION CONTROL IN THE DEMOCRACIES Terence H. Qualter THORSTEIN VEBLEN AND THE INSTITUTIONALISTS David Seckler THE ORIGIN OF THE COMMUNIST AUTOCRACY Leonard Schapiro HOBBES AND LOCKE W. von Leyden ARISTOTLE ON EQUALITY AND JUSTICE W. von Leyden Series Standing Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your standing order. (If you live outside the UK we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Maurice Cranston, with a manuscript of Rousseau's Confessions Photo: Bill Olson Lives, Liberties and the Public Good New Essays in Political Theory for Maurice Cranston Edited by George Feaver and Frederick Rosen M in association with MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan PRESS ©George Feaver and Frederick Rosen 1987 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1987 978-0-333-39286-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1987 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by Wessex Typesetters (Division of The Eastern Press Ltd) Frome, Somerset British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Lives, liberties and the public good: new essays in political theory for Maurice Cranston. 1. Liberty I. Feaver, George II. Rosen, Frederick III. Cranston, Maurice 323.44'01 JC585 ISBN 978-1-349-08008-3 ISBN 978-1-349-08006-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-08006-9 Contents Acknowledgements vii Notes on the Contributors viii Introduction: Lives, Liberties and the Public Good 1 George Feaver 1 'Liberte, Liberte Cherie' 15 Raymond Polin 2 Hobbes on Liberty and Executive Power 27 Harvey C. Mansfield Jr 3 Hobbes on the Regulation of Voluntary Motion 45 Robert Orr 4 Rousseau's Two Concepts of Liberty 61 Robert Wokler 5 Liberty, Equality, Democracy: Tocqueville's Response to Rousseau 101 Sanford Lakoff 6 Bentham and Mill on Liberty and Justice 121 Frederick Rosen 7 Two Minds or One? The Mills, the Webbs, and Liberty in British Social Democracy 139 George Feaver 8 Innovation and the Public Good: On Understanding the Logic of Liberty 173 Sergio Cotta v vi Contents 9 Policy-Making, Discretionary Judgement, and Liberty 185 William Letwin 10 Loyalty, Liberalism and the State 203 Kenneth Minogue 11 Justice, Law and Liberty 229 Shirley Robin Letwin Postscriptum 251 Maurice Cranston A Bibliography of Maurice Cranston 259 Compiled by Calliope Farsides Index 267 Acknowledgements The editors wish to acknowledge their gratitude and thanks to Mr Patrick Davis, Publications Officer, London School of Economics and Political Science, for his valuable assistance, especially in the early stages of this book. The editors are also indebted to Mrs June Burnham for revising the translation from the French of the article by Raymond Polin, and to Mrs Paula Da Gama Pinto for typing and retyping a number of the contributions. Dean William C. Olson, American University, Washington, D. C., has kindly given permission for his photograph of Maurice Cranston to appear in this volume. The editors also acknowledge with thanks the UBC/SSHRC Research Grants Committee which enabled the editors to meet in London to plan this volume, and the LSE Staff Research Fund which enabled Ms Calliope Farsi des to compile the 'Bibliography of Maurice Cranston'. London GEORGE FEAVER FREDERICK RosEN Vll Notes on the Contributors Sergio Cotta is Director of the Institute of Philosophy of Law, University of Rome. He is the author of Existential Paths of the Law, Why Violence? and Law and Existence. He is a specialist on the political thought of the Enlightenment and has written on Montesquieu and Rousseau. George Feaver is Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia. He is the author of From Status to Contract: A Biography of Sir Henry Maine and of an extensive Introduction to the reprint of Beatrice Webb's Our Partnership. Sanford Lakoff is Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. His writings on the history of political thought include Equality in Political Philosophy and the American edition of A Glossary of Political Ideas, co-edited with Maurice Cranston. Shirley Robin Letwin is the author of The Pursuit of Certainty and The Gentleman in Trollope: Individuality and Moral Conduct. William Letwin is Professor of Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is the author of The Origins of Scientific Economics, Law and Economic Policy in America: The Evolution of the Sherman Anti-trust Act, and editor of A Documentary History ofA merican Economic Policy since 1789 and Against Equality. Harvey C. Mansfield Jr is Professor of Government at Harvard University. Among his writings in political theory are The Spirit of Liberalism and Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy. Kenneth Minogue is Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics and Political Science. His writings include The Liberal Mind, Nationalism, Concept ofa University, and most recently Alien Powers: The Pure Theory of Ideology. Robert Orr is Senior Lecturer in Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is a specialist in seventeenth- viii