LIVE STEANI Published by Village Press Incorporated Post Office Box 629 « Traverse City, MI 49685 1996 INDEX volume THIATY COPYRIGHT® 1996 LIVE STEAM Maga- Birkheimer, Frederick E. “Fritz” (Obituary) J/F 74 And They Think We Play With Trains M/J 58 zine. All rights reserved. This magazine or BITTER CREEK WESTERN CHOU, WAYNE W. parts thereof may not be reproduced in any IBLS Plus Four J/F 60 Walking Beam Pumping Engine, A S/O 12 form without permission in writing from the BOILERS CHURCH, A. D. High Tech Flash Boiler, A J/F 52 Shop Talk M/J 80 publisher. Printed in U.S.A. All material is cross-indexed according to title, subject, Lining Up Boiler Tubes N/D 80 Sticking Ball Valves on Pumps M/J 80 author and photo in the following manner: Tubing Boilers N/D 60 Cleaning Mild Steel After Book Review Silver Soldering M/J 80 Official Identification and Price Guide CINDER SNIFFERS, INC. to Toy Trains M/J 77 “CliShays Only” Meet is Planned M/J 74 Wake of the Wirelessman S/O 59 New Officers J/F 74 Title Booth, Steve (NYC diesel) J/F 60, M/A 65, S/O 4 Civil War Collection Miniatures by Brace, Corbin S/O 57, 59 Leo Myers J/F 33 Brace, John Cleaning Mild Steel After Silver Photo (LMS 0-4-0, diesel, 4-4-0) S/O 57, 58, 59 Soldering M/J 80 Braun, Lutz (diesel) S/O 69 Clem, Everett W. (Obituary) S/O 77 Boat Names Braun, Moodie E. (Obituary) S/O 77 Cogliati, Rodney (Climax) J/A 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA SOCIETY OF COLORADO LIVE STEAMERS MODEL ENGINEERS New Officers S/O 75 A Club Locomotives Vandalized S/O 74 Conner, Bill S/O 69 About the Cover J/F 2 Browning Railroad, Inc., The S/O 50 Conroy, David (Nola) J/A 59 ALASKA LIVE STEAMERS, INC. Building a Corliss Steam Engine Craddock, Craig (SP Daylight 4-8-4) M/A 64 New Officers J/A 76 (see WOLFE, JAMES S.) Crook, John (tractor) N/D 67 Aibum J/F 27, 56, M/J 30, J/A 68 Building a Low Budget Sternwheeler N/D 16 Cunningham, Jimmy S/O 70 Allen, Ernie (CP 4-4-4) J/F 62 Building a 1.5” Scale Mogul Curtis Turbine Generator, The N/D 46 Allen, Gene M/A 64 (see REEDY, BOB) Allen, Lawrence P. “Pat” (Obituary) N/D 76 Building a Railroad in Cherryfield, D ALTOONA RAILROADERS MUSEUM Maine S/O 57 D’'ANGELO, MICHAEL Something New in Railroad City M/A75 Building a Wood Trestle M/J 40 Shop Talk And They Think We Play With Trains M/J 58 Buteaux, Bob (Rauchen Verboten) J/F 64, 66 Portable Blowgun S/O 80 ANDRES, RALPH W. Daney, William “Bill” (Obituary) S/O 77 Mighty Yellowstone, The M/J 16 Cc Dangerously Tight S/O 10 Photo M/J cover, 17, 19 CALGARY MODEL ENGINEERING SOCIETY Darrington, John (steamroller) N/D 4, 6 Andrews, George (Northland Call) J/F 65 New Officers M/J 76 DAY, JOHN Andrews, Greg S/O 69 CALIFORNIA STATE RAILROAD MUSEUM Shop Talk Andrews, Hazel (Northland Call) J/F 65 Oral History Project Begins N/D 75 Procedure for Making an APPLETON, TERRY Calliope for Your Circus Train, A M/J 60 Injector Work Keyway Cutter, A S/O 54 CAPE COD LIVE STEAMERS Deaton, Jerry (CliShay) Photo (0-4-0) S/O 55 Cape Cod LS Have New Home M/A 75 DELLS LIVE STEAMERS AND ARMITAGE, AL Carlson, Quick (Wind in the Willows) J/A 57 MODEL ENGINEERS CLUB, INC. Around the Yankee Shop = J/F 46, S/O 43 CARNAHAN, WILLIAM E. New Officers Around the Yankee Shop J/F 46, S/O 43 Building a Railroad in Cherryfield, Donald, Russell W. “Webb” (Obituary) Art of Soldering, The M/A 20 Maine S/O 57 DRAFTZ, JOHN Z. Casford, Ken (Santa Fe) J/F 63, M/A 74 Maricopa Live Steamers B Chancey, Doug (Santa Fe) J/F 60, 62, M/A 74 Update, An BACKYARD FOUNDRYMAN’S SOCIETY Chenoweth, Paul (F7 diesel) J/F 62 Nienoord New Foundry Group Launches CHIAPPARELLI, RICHARD Photo Newsletter J/A 76 Bain, Ken (0-4-0) J/A 70 Barnes, Ken M/J 4 Bean, Harry “Scorcher” (SP Consolidation) M/A 65, M/J 4 BEDWELL, JACK Northwest Steam Society, The Wheeler, OR, Meet J/F 64 Beginner’s Column (see McLEAN, FRANK) Bell, Lillian (Slow Bell) J/F 64, 65 Bell, Lloyd (Slow Bell) J/F 64, 65 Belle, Gerard M/A 12 Bezio, Mike (Mikado) M/J 40 Hannah, John M. S/O 50 KITSAP LIVE STEAMERS HANSCOM, RUSS New Officers Guest Editorial M/J2 Knopf, Carolyn Hargrove, Roy (Obituary) J/A 76 Knopf, Craig HASKINS, D. E Knopf, Neil Procedure for Machining Kreigescotte, Karl (steamboat) Eccentric Rods M/J 48 Spinning Metal in a Lathe S/O 47 L HAUGE, BARRY Landkroon, Jan (0-6-0T) Dangerously Tight S/O 10 Langdahlen, Matt (watchmaker’s lathe) Photo M/A 65 Lapp, Joseph Haystead, Barry (tank locomotive) N/D 66, 68 Larger Gauges, The Heating Up Your Falk No. 1 M/J 39 (see WANTIEZ, NICK) High Tech Flash Boiler, A J/F 52 LATHROP, CARL M. Hill, William (4-4-0) J/A 8 Mr. Westinghouse’s Air Brake S/O 16 HIRAOKA, KOZO SS Energy Independence Art of Silver Soldering, The M/A 20 and Technology Revisited, The J/F 28 Pennsylvania A3 Switcher, The Lebeck,E d M/A 70 Part 21 Backhead J/F 16 LEBECK, JOHN Part 22 Boiler continued M/A 28 Goleta Valley Railroad Club Celebrates Part 23 Fire Door M/J 20 its 40-year Anniversary in 1995 M/J 69 Part 24 Headlights and LEHMBERG, ALFRED Boiler Jacket J/A 26 Weaverville Paymaster Mine Part 25 Boiler attachments S/O 32 Stampmill N/D 50 Part 26 Manifold, Whistle and Leonard, Richard S/O 57 Water Gauge N/D 21 E Leschinski, Tony (road locomotive) N/D 68 Errata J/A 72 LEWIS, ALAN Engine House, The Horizontal Uniflow Engine, A Steam Down Under M/A 65 (see MILSTER, CONRAD) (see MAIER, JEFFREY) LEWIS, SCOTTY ESTEVAN MODEL ENGINEERING SOCIETY Hosmer, Bob M/J 43 Scotty’s Grabirons J/A 53 Estevan Model Engineering Show N/D 66 Hot Air Stirling Cycle Engine, A M/J 55 LINDEN, GREGORY E Evans, Richard E. “Dick” (Obituary) M/J 77 HOUSTON AREA LIVE STEAMERS Steam-powered Sewing Machine EVANS, ROLAND JF New Officers M/J 76 Engine, A Curtis Turbine Generator, The N/D 46 HUMPERT, TOM Lining Up Boiler Tubes Hot Air Stirling Cycle Engine, A M/J 55 F Humphrey, Jim (2-6-2) S/O 71 LIVINGSTON, JESSE Heating Up Your Falk No. 1 Farrow, Jerry (camelback) S/O 70 Hutchins, Frank (electric tram Mid-South Live Steamers FERROVIARIA ASSOCIAZIONE vertical boilered loco) N/D 70 MODELLISTI FOLIGNO CITTA Fall Meet 1995 (American) Italian Club Plans Expansion FLORIDA LIVE STEAMERS i LOS ANGELES LIVE STEAMERS End of Era for Florida Club IBLS Plus 4 New Officers Winter Meet 1996 (see RICE, JOE) Lyndam’s Train Ford, Al ILLINOIS LIVE STEAMERS (see SNYDER, MILES) FOX, FRED New Officers M/J 76 Tubing Boilers International Brotherhood of Live Steamers M (0-4-0) Secretary's Report MACKEY, MALCOLM Fox, Tim KERR, J. R. “JACK’ J/F 72 Park Gauge (10”-16”) for the FREDERICK, GORDON P RODIG, KEN N/D 72 Beginner on a Limited Budget Calliope for Your Circus Train, A TUCKER, RALPH J/A 72 Part 1 Welding, Photo Isabella, Michel (vertical-boilered Right or Wronged Frost, Don (Shay) steam wagon) J/F 12 Part 2 Rail and Isom, Don (miniature structures) S/O 51 Track Hardware G MAIER, JEFFREY Gallagher, Rosemary J Horizontal Uniflow Engine, A Genzel, Paul (4-6-2 Part 4 Baseplate and James, Neal (two engines) N/D 68 GLOVER, JOHN J Bearing Assembly J/F 22 Jefferis, Jeff (Ottaway) M/J 45, 46 Lining Up Boiler Tubes Part 5 Connecting Rod M/A 43 (House of David 4-4-0) M/J 46 Goldmann, Roger JENKINS, HARRY K Part 6 Eccentric Strap and GOLETA VALLEY RAILROAD CLUB Rotary Valve Beam Engine, A J/A 51 Valve Parts M/J 34 Celebrates its 40-year Anniversary Johnson, Norm M/A 69 Part 7 Vaive Parts and in 1995 M/J 69 Exhaust Manifold J/A 36 IBLS Plus 4 M/A 67 Mank, Charles (Waterloo traction engine) M/A9 Goodman, Dennis (2-6-0) J/A 67, 68 K MARICOPA LIVE STEAMERS Goodman, Don J/A 68 KAMMEYER-ANDERSEN, ERIK Update, An J/A 69 Goodman, Matt J/A 67, S/O9 Norfolk & Western 55-ton Peaked-end Marquis, Randall J. Gorman, Mike (4-4-0) J/A 68 Twin Hopper Car S/O 21 (Cretors popcorn engine) J/A 10 Guest Editorial M/J2 Karns, Russ (Little Smoker) J/F 65 Martin, Bob N/D 50, 51 Karns, Virginia (Little Smoker) J/F 65 Matthews, John H KERR, J. R. “JACK” (1” scale traction engine) S/O 43 Haas, Harry (AT&SF Santa Fe) M/A 65, M/A 74 IBLS Secretary’s Report J/F 72 McBroom, Bill (4-8-2) S/O 69 Hadfield, Scott (SP diesel) S/O 69 Photo (4-6-4) N/D 66 (4-6-0) S/O 70 Hadley, Tom (4-8-2) S/O 69 Keyway Cutter, A S/O 54 McCarthy, Pat (ten-wheeler) M/J 4 HANNAH, DAVID KING, GEORGE III McClune, Barrie (Rose) J/F 66 Browning Railroad, Inc., The S/O 50 Book Review McClune Linda (Rose) J/F 66 Photo (Mikado, diesels) S/O 50, 51 Wake of the Wirelessman S/O 59 McClure, Don J/A 66 40 LIVESTEAM March/April 1997 McDIVITT, JOHN ...in Washington S/O 75 R About the Cover Nichols, R. M. (revolving cylinder engine) S/O6 RADMORE, BOB Scratch-built Duplex Corliss Nickens, Christopher S/O 70 Precision Pin Chuck, A N/D 64 Engine, A J/F 2 Nicolletto, John (SP 4-6-2) M/A 71 Rankin, Dan (American) S/O 69 McKinley, Clover J/F 62 Nienoord J/F 67 READING SOCIETY OF MODEL ENGINEERS McLEAN, FRANK A. 1995 Western Live Steam Ramble, Reading Society Adds Beginner’s Column The M/A 64 “Lite Rail Division” J/A 75 Miniature Four-tool Turret N/D 33 Norfolk & Western 55-ton Peaked-end RED RIVER VALLEY LIVE STEAMERS Tapered Reamers J/A 54 Twin Hopper Car S/O 21 (0-4-0) N/D 66 Threading to a Shoulder S/O 60 NORTH GEORGIA LIVE STEAMERS REEDY, BOB Photo J/A2 New Officers M/J 76 Building a 1.5” Scale Mogul McLean, George (son) M/J 6 NORTHWEST STEAM SOCIETY, THE Part 1 Frame Assembly M/A 16 MELLAN, CHARLES H. Wheeler, OR, Meet J/F 64 Part 2 Wheel Group M/J 31 Shop Talk Part 3 Spring Rigging, Brakes Pseudo-Jumbo Steady Rest S/O 80 ) and Axle Pump J/A 42 Merrill, Dean M/A 9 Obituaries Part 4 Cylinder Group S/O 44 MESA GRANDE & WESTERN RAILROAD Allen, Lawrence P. “Pat” N/D 76 Part 5 Motion Structure N/D 42 iIBLS Plus 4 M/A 67 Birkheimer, Frederick E. “Fritz” J/F 74 Tapping Made Easier M/A 19 Messersmith, John (Obituary) N/D 76 Braun, Moodie E. S/O 77 Photo M/A cover Micro Steam Car, A J/A 18 Clem, Everett W. S/O 77 Reedy, Scott (Chloe) S/O 69 MID-SOUTH LIVE STEAMERS Daney, William “Bill” S/O 77 Reese, Bob (CSX diesel) S/O 70 Fall Meet 1995 S/O 69 Donald, Russell W. “Webb” M/A 77 Reiter, Art “Doc” (2-8-2) M/A 65, 71 Mighty Yellowstone, The M/J 16 Evans, Richard E. “Dick” M/J 77 Reithmaier, Paul (4-6-4) J/F 47 Miller, Charles B. (Tom Thumb) J/A6 Hargrove, Roy J/A 76 Reitze, George (Wahkeena) J/A 57 MILSTER, CONRAD Messersmith, John N/D 76 RHODES, CAPT. TOM Engine House, The Ross, Charles Ray M/J 77 Building a Wood Trestle M/J 40 Engines of Germany, The Weinheimer, George S/O 77 Steamboat Wharf Part 9 Olson, Irving J. (A3 Pennsylvania Switcher) J/F 8 Last of the Beam Engines M/A 50 Part 10 Opperman, Tom (2-8-0) J/A 69 Lee’s Mill Meet, The J/A 56 Part 11 OSOFSKY, IRVING B. Preserving Steamboats N/D 38 Miniature Four-tool Turret High Tech Flash Boiler, A J/F 52 RICE, JOE Mr. Westinghouse’s Air Brake Book Review Mitchell, Dick (River Queen) P Official Identification and Price MONTECITO & PACIFIC RAILROAD Pardee, Bill (half-scale Case) J/A 69 Guide to Toy Trains M/J 77 IBLS Plus 4 Park Gauge (10”-16”) for the Beginner Florida Live Steamers Winter MONTREAL LIVE STEAMERS on a Limited Budget Meet 1996 N/D 69 Just in Time to Attend From the Editor’s Desk M/A 2, J/A-N/D 2 (see MACKEY, MALCOLM) More About Cleaning Parker, Dennis (Mogul) N/D 71 IBLS Plus 4 MYERS, JAMES PATTON, THOMAS P. Part 2 J/F 60 Civil War Collection Miniatures Shop Talk Part 3 M/A 67 by Leo Myers More About Cleaning J/A 79 Tri-State Locomotive Club Photo (Pacific) J/A 66 William C. Fitt Memorial Run 1995 J/A 66 N PAXTON, ROBERT Video Review J/F 76 Stephenson Valve Gear J/F 68 Photo J/A 67 NNeetwt.l .e.sCo,nl uCbVa arnFyco or(um2v-i6en-rg0) Island Pea(rvceer,t icaNlo rbmo iler locomotive) J/A 66, 68 RRIIDVLGEatERe S ILNDIeEVwE s L SIFTVlEEa AsShM TEERASM ERS J/F 75 New Officers Pennsylvania A3 Switcher, The New Officers M/J 76 ...at the Dells PER(Ese e MHAIRRQAUOKEAT,T EK OZHOI)S TORICAL SOCIETY RODIG, KEN ...in Alaska PM Historical Society Forms M/A 76 IBLS Secretary’s Report N/D 72 ...in Alberta, Canada Permanent Way, A N/D 19 Rolling Stock for the Lackawanna J/A 14 ...in Cincinnati Portable Blowgun S/O 80 Romer, Ellis (Heisler) J/A 70 ......iinn CHooluosrtaodno Area Precision Pin Chuck, A N/D 64 RRoostsa,r y ChVaarllvees BReaaym (OEbnigtuianrey,) A MJ//JA 7570 Procedure for Machining ...in Illinois Eccentric Rods M/J 48 RUBINO, SALVATORE ......iinn NLoorst hA nGgeeolregsi a ProIcnejdecutroer Wfoorr kM aking an N/D 80 RusMsioc,r oH eSrtmeaanm (C0a-r4,- 2TA) SJ//OA 4138 ...in Riverside Pseudo-Jumbo Steady Rest ...in Saskatchewan Ss SASKATOON MODEL ENGINEERING SOCIETY New Officers J/A 76 Schack, Idamae (Ken Ross) J/F 64 Schack, John (Ken Ross) J/F 64 Schmidt, Fred (Mogul, dynamo) N/D 8,9 Schock, Willie (gas engine) N/D 68 Schroeder, Judy J/F4 Schroeder, Ken (Case steam tractor) J/F 4 Scotty’s Grabirons J/A 53 Scratch-built Duplex Corliss Engine, A J/F 2 Semerau, Bill (Mogul, Consolidation, rolling stock) M/A 67, 68 Sessums, Jack M/A 68 Sharp, Ted (water tower and enginehouse) J/F 45 LIVESTEAM 41 March/April 1997 Shaw, Frederic “Cap” (4-4-0) M/J 46 TUCKER, RALPH Shop Talk M/A-M/J8 0, J/A 79, S/O-N/D8 0 Secretary Change for Simpson, Fred (Cagney) N/D 54-57 Midwest Region J/A 72 Small Flywheels M/A 80 Tytlandsvik, Gale N/D 66 Smaller Gauges, The TYTLANDSVIK, KELLY (see WANTIEZ, NICK) Estevan Model Engineering Show N/D 66 Smith, John (SP F7) J/F 63 SNYDER, MILES U Lyndam’s Train Umeda, Akira Part 1 Riding Cars J/A 30 (mogul and locomotive collection) Part 2 Riding Cars contd S/O 28 Unglaube, Bill (critter train) Part 3 Trucks for the Riding Cars N/D 28 (0-6-0) SOPHER, DOUG Photo Shop Talk Small Flywheels M/A 80 Vv White Sidewalls M/A 80 Vadeboncouer, Steve Tool Height M/A 80 VAN DIJK, BERT R. Spangenberg, Mal (Mikado) J/F 46 Super Elevation and Transition Spinning Metal in a Lathe S/O 47 Curves SPRAGUE, ANDY Van Dort, Rob Building a Low Budget Rauchen Verboten J/F 64, 66 Van Sickle, Julian (4-6-0) Sternwheeler N/D 16 River Queen J/A 58 (2-8-0 Consolidation) Steam Scenes J/F 79, M/A-M/J 80, J/A 79, Rose J/F 66 Vatne, Rusty ( Vatnefjord) S/O-N/D 80 Rosebud N/D 40 Video Review Sproat, Shawn (4-6-0) J/A 70 Slow Bell J/F 64, 65 “Backyard Railroading” Spurlock, Kris (Willow) J/F 64 Sprite J/F 65 Volrath, Harold (4-6-0) Spurlock, Pat (Willow) J/F 64 SS Energy Independence J/F 28 SS Energy independence and Stadt Wehlen J/A 46 Ww Technology Revisited, The J/F 28 Thomas A. Edison N/D 41 Walking Beam Pumping Engine, A STAMP, TOM Ticonderoga M/A 50, 51, N/D 38 WANTIEZ, NICK Permanent Way, A N/D 19 Vaporosa J/F 14 Larger Gauges, The STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES Vatnefjord J/A 56 First Miniature Railway Building a Corliss Steam Engine Vital Spark J/F 66 Historians, The M/J 45 (see WOLFE, JAMES A.) Wahkeena J/A 57 Fred Simpson’s Cagney Curtis Turbine Generator, The N/D 46 Weltfrieden J/A 47 and others N/D 54 Horizontal Uniflow Engine, A Willow J/F 64 Smaller Gauges, The Hot( sAeier MSAtIirElRi,n g JCEyFclFeR EYEn)g ine, A M/J 55 Wind in the Willows J/A 57 Photo Collection J/F 42 Steele, Norm (Atlantic) J/F 46 (free-lance coaches) J/F 45 Walking Beam Pumping Engine, A S/O 12 Stephenson Valve Gear J/F 68 Washburn, Robert A. M/A 8 Weaverville Paymaster Mine Sterbenz, Casey (dickins) M/J7 Weaverville Paymaster Mine Stampmill N/D 50 Steam Down Under M/A 65 Sticking Ball Valves on Pumps M/J 80 Stampmill N/D 50 Strothjohann, Helmut (Vaporosa) J/F 14 Wehlann, Lee (0-4-0T) J/A 68 Steam Scenes Sudberry, Bobby (beam engine) S/O 70 Weinheimer, George (Obituary) (see SPRAGUE, ANDY) Super Elevation and Westwood, John ((0-6-0) N/D 66 STEAM TRACTION ENGINES Transition Curves J/F 51 White Sidewalls M/A 80 Steam Down Under Steam-powered Sewing Machine Whitman, Bill N/D 71 T Wieboldt, Dick J/A 69 Engine, A Steamboat Wharf Takagi, Isamu (Pennsy A3 0-4-0) Wieboldt, Gwen J/A 69 (see RHODES, CAPT. TOM) Tapered Reamers Williams, Anne (Sprite) J/F 65 STEAMBOATS Tapping Made Easier Williams, Terry (Sprite) J/F 65 Alexander Hamilton M/A 51, 52, 55 Taylor, Ron (ten-wheeler) Willock, W. W. (Herschell-Spillman) N/D 55 Delta Queen N/D 39 Thompson, Ann (Firefly) Winnewisser, Ed (0-6-0) M/A 64 Diesbar J/A 49 Thompson, Audrey (Vital Spark) WOLFE, JAMES S. Dresden J/A 45 Thompson, Cathy (Feeble //) Building a Corliss Steam Engine Ethel D J/A 57, 58 Thompson, Don (Vital Spark) Part 13 J/F 36 Exeter N/D 41 Thompson, Fred (Feeble I!) Part 14 M/A 33 Feeble |! J/F 64 Thompson, Jack (Firefly) Part 15 M/J 50 Firefly J/F 66 Thorley, Milon WORKSHOP FEATURES French King Belle M/A 53 Threading to a Shoulder Keyway Cutter, A S/O 54 Guernsey Isle J/A 56 Tinkham, Cal (4-6-0) Precision Pin Chuck, A N/D 64 J. F. Bottger J/A 46 TODARO, HENRY Procedure for Machining Jessica Anne N/D 32 Rolling Stock for the Lackawanna Eccentric Rods M/J 48 Ken Ross J/F 64 Tool Height Spinning Metal in a Lathe S/O 47 K6nigin Maria J/A 45 TORONTO LIVE STEAMERS Little Smoker J/F 65 Expansion completed by Toronto Y Lizzie N/D 16-19 Live Steamers Yardley, John (K-4 Pacific) M/A 64, M/J 5 Melvin J/A 59 TRACK FEATURES Yoder, Casey N/D 70 Mount Washington N/D 40 Permanent Way, A Yoder, Ed M/A 69, N/D 70 Nobska N/D 39 Super Elevation and Transition Yoder, Edison (0-6-0T) N/D 70 Nola J/A 59 Curves Yungling, Ed J/F 62 Northland Call J/F 65 Treusch, John (Shay) YUNGLING, DONALD Pelican J/A 58 TRI-STATE LOCOMOTIVE CLUB 1995 Western Live Steam Ramble, Potomac M/A 52 William C. Fitt Memorial Run 1995 The M/A 64 President M/A 52 Tubing Boilers Photo M/A 64 42 LIVESTEAM March/April 1997 <