P a ge | 1 List of publications of AIIMS, New Delhi for the month of June, 2014 [Source: www.pubmed.com]. P a ge | 2 1: Gathe BM, Gandhe MB, Gandhe SM, Puttewar AN, Saraf C, Singh R. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP)- A Pilot Study Conducted on Young Healthy Adults from Central India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Jun;8(6):BC16-8. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8720.4515. Epub 2014 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 25120971; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4129266. OBJECTIVE: To Evaluate I, II, III, IV, V wave latencies and I-III, III-V, I-V inter-peak latencies and V/I wave amplitude ratio in Normal subjects in Central India. METHODS: We recorded BAEP from 50 healthy normal subjects from the community of same sex and geographical setup. The absolute, interpeak and wave V/I amplitude ratio were measurement and recording was done using RMS EMG EP MARK II machine manufactured by RMS recorders and Medicare system, Chandigarh. RESULT: Absolute, interpeak and wave V/I amplitude ratio were measured in normal subjects and compared with other previous studies. CONCLUSION: This study was conducted as exploratory pilot study only on male healthy controls. Since, the study conducted in different regions, there are some differences in the latencies and interpeak latencies and amplitude ratio but they are within range, so reference range of this study can be used for future studies in this Wardha region of Central India. PMCID: PMC4129266 PMID: 25120971 [PubMed] 2: Sharma S, Logani A, Shah N. Comparative efficacy of photo-activated disinfection and calcium hydroxide for disinfection of remaining carious dentin in deep cavities: a clinical study. Restor Dent Endod. 2014 Aug;39(3):195-200. doi: 10.5395/rde.2014.39.3.195. Epub 2014 Jun 26. PubMed PMID: 25110643; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4125583. OBJECTIVES: To comparatively evaluate the efficacy of photo-activated disinfection (PAD), calcium hydroxide (CH) and their combination on the treatment outcome of indirect pulp treatment (IPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the patients were taken. The study was also registered with clinical registry of India. Sixty permanent molars exhibiting deep occlusal carious lesion in patients with the age range of 18 - 22 yr were included. Clinical and radiographic evaluation and set inclusion and exclusion criteria's were followed. Gross caries excavation was accomplished. In group I (n = 20) PAD was applied for sixty seconds. In group II (n = 20), CH was applied to the remaining carious dentin, while in group III (n = 20), PAD application was followed by CH placement. The teeth were permanently restored. They were clinically and radiographically followed-up at 45 day, 6 mon and 12 mon. Relative density of the remaining affected dentin was measured by 'Radiovisiography (RVG) densitometric' analysis. RESULTS: Successful outcome with an increase in radiographic grey values were observed in all three groups. However, on inter-group comparison, this change was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PAD and CH both have equal disinfection efficacy in the treatment of deep carious dentin. PAD alone is as effective for treatment of deep carious lesion as calcium hydroxide and hence can be used as an alternative to CH. They can be used independently in IPT, since combining both does not offer any additional therapeutic benefits. P a ge | 3 PMCID: PMC4125583 PMID: 25110643 [PubMed] 3: Sarvottam K, Yadav RK. Obesity-related inflammation & cardiovascular disease: Efficacy of a yoga-based lifestyle intervention. Indian J Med Res. 2014 Jun;139(6):822-34. PubMed PMID: 25109716. Obesity is a global health burden and its prevalence is increasing substantially due to changing lifestyle. Chronic adiposity is associated with metabolic imbalance leading to dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ releasing several adipocytokines, and is associated with increased levels of tissue and circulating inflammatory biomolecules causing vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Further, inflammation is also associated independently with obesity as well as CVD. Keeping this in view, it is possible that a reduction in weight may lead to a decrease in inflammation, resulting in CVD risk reduction, and better management of patients with CVD. Lifestyle intervention has been endorsed by several health authorities in prevention and management of chronic diseases. A yoga-based lifestyle intervention appears to be a promising option in reducing the risk for CVD as well as management of patients with CVD as it is simple to follow and cost-effective with high compliance. The efficacy of such lifestyle intervention programmes is multifaceted, and is achieved via reduction in weight, obesity-related inflammation and stress, thereby culminating into risk reduction towards several chronic diseases including CVD. In this review, the association between obesity-related inflammation and CVD, and the role of yoga-based lifestyle intervention in prevention and management of CVD are discussed. PMID: 25109716 [PubMed - in process] 4: Agarwala S, Mandelia A, Bakhshi S, Srinivas M, Bajpai M, Gupta AK, Gupta DK, Bhatnagar V. Neuroblastoma: Outcome over a 14 year period from a tertiary care referral centre in India. J Pediatr Surg. 2014 Aug;49(8):1280-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.03.017. Epub 2014 Jun 30. PubMed PMID: 25092090. PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of children with neuroblastoma (NB) from a tertiary care referral centre in India. METHOD: All children with NB registered from October 1996 through July 2009 were included in the study. INSS was used for staging. All children included in the study received chemotherapy and radiation therapy appropriate for stage. Tumor resection was done when feasible. The final outcome was overall survival and it was categorized as Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR); No Response (NR) and Progressive Disease (PD). Analysis of three-year overall survival was done using Kaplan Meier method and Log Rank test of significance. Multivariate analysis for significance of age, site and stage was performed. RESULTS: 144 children in the age range of 1-132months (median 36) were enrolled. Only 38 (26.4%) children were below 12months. 112 (77.8%) of the tumors were abdominal and 32 (22.2%) were extra-abdominal. Stage distribution was 1+2 in 6 (4.2%); 3 in 58 (40.3%); 4 in 68 (47.2%); 4s in 12 (8.3%). 83 (57.6%) underwent gross complete resection. At the time of last follow-up, 100 (69.4%) were alive [60 CR (41.7%); 33 PR; 7 PD/NR] and 44 (30.6%) were dead [1CR; 11PR; 32 PD/NR]. The three-year OS was 60.7% [95 CI 50.4-69.5]. The OS was 69.7% for those<12months of age [95 CI 51.8-82.0] and CR was achieved in 57.9%, while for those >12months the OS was 55.3% [95 CI 42.2-66.6] and CR was achieved in 35.8% (p=0.73). All 6 (100%) patients with Stage 1 and Stage 2 disease were alive and disease free. The OS was 71.5% for Stage 3[95 CI 55.3-82.7] and CR was achieved in 56.9%, while for Stage 4 the OS was 35.7%[95 CI 19.3-52.4] and CR was achieved in 17.6% (p=0.001). The OS was 83.3% for 4s [95 CI 48.2-95.6] and CR was achieved in 75%. P a ge | 4 CONCLUSION: All the six children with Stage 1 & 2 achieved CR and were alive, while 57% of Stage 3 could achieve CR and had an OS of 71.5%. The OS (35.7%) and CR (17.6%) for Stage 4 were significantly less (p=0.001). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 25092090 [PubMed - in process] 5: Suri A, Bansal S, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK, Kale SS, Chandra PS, Singh M, Kumar R, Sharma MS. Management of hypoglossal schwannomas: single institutional experience of 14 cases. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014 Jun;75(3):159-64. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1356924. Epub 2014 Mar 12. PubMed PMID: 25072009; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4078147. Background Hypoglossal schwannomas are rare intracranial neoplasms. Microsurgical resection with the goal of cure is the aim of management but is associated with a high rate of postoperative morbidity. Objective The objective of the study was to outline the clinical presentation, radiologic characteristics, surgical techniques, postoperative morbidity, and long-term follow-up results for hypoglossal schwannomas. Methods Patients treated for hypoglossal schwannoma at the Department of Neurosurgery of a tertiary-level referral institution from January 2001 until December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively using hospital records. Results There were 14 patients who were treated in the study period. Tongue atrophy and swallowing difficulties were the most common presenting symptoms. Surgery done in 12 patients using a variety of approaches (retromastoid retrosigmoid suboccipital in 9, midline suboccipital in 2, and far lateral in 1). Five patients having small residual tumors received gamma knife (GK) subsequently. two patients received primary GK stereotactic radiosurgery. Three patients had permanent morbidity in the form of cranial nerve paresis. Immediate postoperative complications like cerebrospinal fluid leak and pneumonia were present in three patients. Conclusion Complete microsurgical resection is often associated with a high rate of morbidity. Subtotal and near-total resection followed by stereotactic radiosurgery or observation now offers an alternative approach. PMCID: PMC4078147 [Available on 2015/6/1] PMID: 25072009 [PubMed] 6: Kaul RP, Sagar S, Singhal M, Kumar A, Jaipuria J, Misra M. Burden of maxillofacial trauma at level 1 trauma center. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2014 Jun;7(2):126-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1371539. Epub 2014 Feb 26. PubMed PMID: 25071877; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4078188. There is an upward trend in facial injuries following changes in population pattern, increasing industrialization and urbanization, hence maxillofacial trauma is becoming a burden and a leading medical problem in emergency rooms worldwide. This study was performed to evaluate the pattern of maxillofacial fractures, associated injuries, and treatment used at Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center (JPNATC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, between January 2007 and June 2010. The study provides basis for establishment of trauma as major etiology of maxillofacial injuries and planning for preventive strategies. A retrospective study of patients seen and treated at JPNATC, AIIMS, New Delhi, between January 2007 and June 2010 was performed. Data extracted from patient records included etiology, age, sex, types and sites of fractures, treatment modality, and concomitant injuries. There were 795 fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton and 86 concomitant injuries from 542 patients. Road traffic accident (RTA) (56.8%) was the most common etiologic factor, followed by falls (22.3%) and fights (18.5%). The age range was from 3 to 75 years (mean, P a ge | 5 34.7 years) with a peak incidence in the third decade with a male-to-female ratio of 3.7:1. The most common location of maxillofacial fractures was the mandible 615 (77%) and middle third 180 (23%). With regard to mandibular fractures, the body (29.6%) was the most common site, followed by the angle (24.4%), ramus (19.5%), dentoalveolar (14.6%), symphysis (11.0%), condyle (0.8%) while in the middle third, the nasal bone (36.7%) was the most common, followed by zygomatic bone (27.8), Lefort II (14.4), Lefort I (7.8%), dentoalveolar (10.0%), and Lefort III (3.3%). Majority of the patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (70.6). Concomitant injuries were 84 (10.8%) with orthopedic injuries accounting for the majority (63.9%). Head injury was associated in 16.3% of cases. RTA was the major etiologic factor of maxillofacial injuries in our setting and the young adult males were the main victims. Henceforth, establishment of regionalized, efficient, and focused trauma centers in various parts of the country particularly for acute trauma should be emphasized. Also, the laws regarding the precautions such as seat belts, speed limits, and traffic rules must be observed strictly to reduce the incidence of RTA. PMCID: PMC4078188 [Available on 2015/6/1] PMID: 25071877 [PubMed] 7: Sharawat SK, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi R, Raina V, Kumar L, Sharma A, Bakhshi S. Relative Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Anti-Apoptotic Transcripts Hold Potential for Predicting Inferior Outcome in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Prospective Pilot Study. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014 Jun 11. pii: S2152-2650(14)00144-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.04.005. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 25065779. INTRODUCTION: Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by accumulation of immature cells because of imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis. In AML, simultaneous expression of proliferative (FLT-3, c-KIT) and antiapoptotic genes (BCL-2), are unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively assessed proliferative and antiapoptotic gene transcripts using Taqman probe chemistry in 48 adult AML patients. A stepwise Cox regression model was applied for independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 48 (75%) patients achieved complete remission. At follow-up ranging from 0.5 to 57.3 months, event-free survival (EFS) was 26.9 ± 6.3% (range, 15.5%-39.6%) and OS 34.5 ± 7.46% (range, 20.5%-48.9%). High white blood cell count correlated with an inferior complete remission rate (P = .021). Cytogenetics and FLT-3 internal tandem duplication did not predict EFS or OS. The transcripts of FLT-3, c-KIT, and BCL-2 showed a significant linear association with each other in Pearson correlation (FLT-3 vs. c-KIT: R = 0.8234; P < .001; c-KIT vs. BCL-2: R = 0.3377; P = .01; FLT-3 vs. BCL-2: R = 0.3815; P = .007). In a validation cohort (Microarray Data Set GSE1159) of adult AML patients, the global gene expression profile depicted a similar interrelationship. Patients with a greater platelet count were associated with increased transcript levels of BCL-2 (P = .034). In univariate analysis, a high transcript level of FLT-3 and high transcript ratio of FLT-3/BCL-2 and FLT-3 and c-KIT/BCL-2 significantly predicted OS (P = .043, .028, and .028, respectively). In a stepwise Cox regression model, high FLT-3 and c-KIT/BCL-2 ratio predicted OS (HR, 2.29). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated proliferative and antiapoptotic transcripts simultaneously, and results have shown that it is the relative levels of these transcripts that determine outcome in AML patients rather than their expression in isolation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 25065779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] P a ge | 6 8: Sankar J, Singh A, Sankar MJ, Joghee S, Dewangan S, Dubey N. Pediatric Index of Mortality and PIM2 Scores Have Good Calibration in a Large Cohort of Children from a Developing Country. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:907871. doi: 10.1155/2014/907871. Epub 2014 Jun 15. PubMed PMID: 25025075; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4082889. Objective. Our objective was to validate the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) and PIM2 scores in a large cohort of children from a developing country. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients. All children aged <18 years admitted between June 2011 and July 2013. Measurements and Main Results. We evaluated the discriminative ability and calibration as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit (GOF), and standardized mortality ratio (SMR), respectively. Of the 819 children enrolled, 232 (28%) died. The median (IQR) age of the study subjects was 4 years (0.8, 10). The major reasons for ICU admission as well as mortality were sepsis/severe sepsis. The area under ROC curves for PIM and PIM2 was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67-0.75) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.70-0.78), respectively. The goodness-of-fit test showed a good calibration across deciles of risk for the two scores with P values being >0.05. The SMR (95% CI) was 0.99 (0.85-1.15) and 1 (0.85-1.16) for PIM and PIM2, respectively. The calibration across different age and diagnostic subgroups was also good. Conclusion. PIM and PIM2 scores had good calibration in our setup. PMCID: PMC4082889 PMID: 25025075 [PubMed - in process] 9: Kazmi HR, Chandra A, Baghel K, Singh A, Nigam J, Parmar D, Mahdi AA, Goel SK, Kumar S. Differential expression of cholecystokinin a receptor in gallbladder cancer in the young and elderly suggests two subsets of the same disease? Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:625695. doi: 10.1155/2014/625695. Epub 2014 Jun 15. PubMed PMID: 25025063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4082861. Background. Cholecystokinin type A receptor (CCKAR) is known to be overexpressed in variety of human malignancies but information regarding its expression in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is limited. Attempts were now made to investigate expression pattern of CCKAR mRNA and protein in controls and GBC patients and correlate it with various clinicopathological parameters following surgical resection. Materials and Methods. Gallbladder tissue samples from 64 subjects (GBC: 39; control: 25) were studied. Expression of CCKAR mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Significantly higher expression of CCKAR mRNA (P < 0.0001) and protein (P < 0.0001) was observed in GBC tissues. Overexpression was also observed for stage III and in moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. When the clinicopathological parameters were compared, we found age dependent decrease in CCKAR expression. Relatively higher expression of CCKAR was observed in younger patients (age < 45 years) having more aggressive disease when compared with elderly ones (age ≥ 45 years). Conclusions. Age related differential expression of CCKAR in GBC may suggest two possible variants of the disease in this endemic belt. PMCID: PMC4082861 PMID: 25025063 [PubMed - in process] P a ge | 7 10: Choudhary M, Kumar V, Gupta P, Singh S. Investigation of Antiarthritic Potential of Plumeria alba L. Leaves in Acute and Chronic Models of Arthritis. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:474616. doi: 10.1155/2014/474616. Epub 2014 Jun 15. PubMed PMID: 25025056; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4082847. Aim. The present investigation was designed to evaluate antiarthritic potential of fractions of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of P. alba. Materials and Methods. Plumeria alba L. leaves were extracted with hydroalcohol (30 : 70) to obtain hydroalcoholic extract of P. alba. This extract was further fractionated with solvents ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain EAPA and BPA, respectively. These fractions were tested against formaldehyde and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis. Arthritis assessment, paw volume, body weight, motor incoordination, and nociceptive threshold were measured. On day 21, the animals were sacrificed and histopathology was done. Results. The 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of EAPA and BPA caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05-0.01) reduction in paw swelling in both models. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and spleen weight decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in arthritic rats treated with extracts. There was significant (P < 0.05) improvement in thymus weight in EAPA treated rats whereas significant (P < 0.01) improvement was also seen in haemoglobin level (Hb) in diclofenac treated group. Motor incoordination and nociceptive threshold were also significantly (P ≤ 0.05-0.01) improved. Conclusion. The present study suggests that Plumeria alba L. has protective activity against arthritis and supports the traditional use of P. alba for rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases. PMCID: PMC4082847 PMID: 25025056 [PubMed - in process] 11: Gupta B, Suri S, Kohli S, Ahmad S, Gupta S. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: Airway concerns in an emergency situation. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2014 Jun;52(2):88-90. doi: 10.1016/j.aat.2014.04.003. Epub 2014 Jun 7. PubMed PMID: 25016514. Difficult airway is always of special concern to anesthesiologists, but in a trauma setting where having a secured airway is most important, the incidence of difficult airway increases manifold. We report a "cannot ventilate cannot intubate" situation in a trauma patient who was later diagnosed to have arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, a syndrome known to affect the airway, and in whom all measures of securing a nonsurgical airway failed. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V. PMID: 25016514 [PubMed - in process] 12: Verma S, Cardenas-Garcia J, Mohapatra PR, Talwar A. Depression in pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung diseases. N Am J Med Sci. 2014 Jun;6(6):240-9. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.134368. Review. PubMed PMID: 25006558; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4083524. Advanced lung diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are chronic diseases that cause significantly high morbidity and mortality. As a result, patients can undergo some psychological changes leading to a poor quality of life and depression. Diagnosis of depression is often obscured because fatigue and apathy, two common symptoms of depression, frequently overlap with PAH and ILD. Healthcare providers are sometimes reluctant to ask or mistakenly believe that these symptoms are part of P a ge | 8 the ongoing disease process, rather than a serious condition like depression. Screening tools are available for physicians to be well positioned in recognizing clinical depression in PAH and ILD. A MedLine/PubMED search was performed identifying all relevant articles with "PAH", "ILD", "screening tools" and/or "Depression" in the title. The aim of this review is to provide a brief description of some of the instruments used to screen patients and classes of psychotropic medications accessible to physicians. While pulmonary rehabilitation programs can have a positive impact on patients, physicians should also utilize cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as part of regular care. PMCID: PMC4083524 PMID: 25006558 [PubMed] 13: Lopes AA, Barst RJ, Haworth SG, Rabinovitch M, Al Dabbagh M, Del Cerro MJ, Ivy D, Kashour T, Kumar K, Harikrishnan S, D'Alto M, Thomaz AM, Zorzanelli L, Aiello VD, Mocumbi AO, Santana MV, Galal AN, Banjar H, Tamimi O, Heath A, Flores PC, Diaz G, Sandoval J, Kothari S, Moledina S, Gonçalves RC, Barreto AC, Binotto MA, Maia M, Al Habshan F, Adatia I. Repair of congenital heart disease with associated pulmonary hypertension in children: what are the minimal investigative procedures? Consensus statement from the Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Task Forces, Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI). Pulm Circ. 2014 Jun;4(2):330-41. doi: 10.1086/675995. PubMed PMID: 25006452; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4070778. Standardization of the diagnostic routine for children with congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-CHD) is crucial, in particular since inappropriate assignment to repair of the cardiac lesions (e.g., surgical repair in patients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance) may be detrimental and associated with poor outcomes. Thus, members of the Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Task Forces of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute decided to conduct a survey aimed at collecting expert opinion from different institutions in several countries, covering many aspects of the management of PAH-CHD, from clinical recognition to noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures and immediate postoperative support. In privileged communities, the vast majority of children with congenital cardiac shunts are now treated early in life, on the basis of noninvasive diagnostic evaluation, and have an uneventful postoperative course, with no residual PAH. However, a small percentage of patients (older at presentation, with extracardiac syndromes or absence of clinical features of increased pulmonary blood flow, thus suggesting elevated pulmonary vascular resistance) remain at a higher risk of complications and unfavorable outcomes. These patients need a more sophisticated diagnostic approach, including invasive procedures. The authors emphasize that decision making regarding operability is based not only on cardiac catheterization data but also on the complete diagnostic picture, which includes the clinical history, physical examination, and all aspects of noninvasive evaluation. PMCID: PMC4070778 PMID: 25006452 [PubMed] 14: Ghose S, Shrey D, Venkatesh P, Parmar T, Sharma S. A simple modification of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test for much faster assessment of color vision. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jun;62(6):721-3. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.129778. PubMed PMID: 25005203; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4131328. PURPOSE: The Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-hue test is well known but is also time consuming, especially its analytical component. To reduce this needless time-waste during precious working hours, a simple modification was devised. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative, observational study. P a ge | 9 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transparent clear plastic carrier box replaced the opaque one, allowing ready digital photodocumentation of top and bottom without even opening the box, or handling/inverting the caps -200 reportedly normals and 50 known color vision defectives could be easily tested on this modified-FM and results stored, allowing rapid turnover. The captured scores with patient ID were analyzed, at leisure, outside hospital time, saving 45-60 minutes/patient. After recording, the box was promptly handed over to the next subject for rearrangement. Times taken for test/patient were recorded. RESULTS: Running time was reduced from 60-75 min to ~15 min/patient with no waste of invaluable lab hours. Turnover time is limited to capturing two photographs (~60 sec). The box is relatively cheap and easy to maintain. CONCLUSIONS: Our simplified FM 100-hue test allowed rapid assessment of color visions with easy data storage of both top and bottom. PMCID: PMC4131328 PMID: 25005203 [PubMed - in process] 15: Nongpiur ME, Singh A, Saxena R, Sharma A, Sharma P. To evaluate stereoacuity in patients with acquired esotropia and to determine factors associated with favourable outcomes. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jun;62(6):695-8. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.136218. PubMed PMID: 25005198; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4131321. AIM: To evaluate stereoacuity in patients with acquired esotropia and determine the factors associated with favorable outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 subjects aged 6 years and above were included in the study. Thorough clinical evaluation including binocular status examination using the Bagolini-striated glass test, The Netherland Organization (TNO), and Randot stereo test were done. The subjects were divided into two groups 1 and 2, based on the amount of deviation. Statistical analysis of the result was performed. RESULT: The duration of misalignment in the group with deviation less than or equal to 8 prism diopters (PD) was 1.49 ± 0.86 years, whereas in the group with deviation more than or equal to 10 PD was 4.64 ± 2.99 years (P = 0.000). Among the subjects in group 1, 89.5% achieved fusion and 52.6% had stereoacuity on both TNO and Randot, whereas in group 2 40% achieved fusion and 3.3% stereopsis on both TNO and Randot (one case with only coarse stereopsis). A subanalysis within group 1 revealed a statistically significant difference for the duration of misalignment (P = 0.02), but a marginal difference for the amount of deviation (P = 0.3). CONCLUSION: A horizontal deviation up to 8 PD was compatible with stereopsis. Also, the duration of constant misalignment affects the attainment of stereopsis despite successful realignment. PMCID: PMC4131321 PMID: 25005198 [PubMed - in process] 16: Bhatia V, Goel MM, Makker A, Tewari S, Yadu A, Shilpi P, Kumar S, Agarwal SP, Goel SK. Promoter region hypermethylation and mRNA expression of MGMT and p16 genes in tissue and blood samples of human premalignant oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:248419. doi: 10.1155/2014/248419. Epub 2014 Jun 2. PubMed PMID: 24991542; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4058681. P a ge | 10 Promoter methylation and relative gene expression of O(6)-methyguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and p16 genes were examined in tissue and blood samples of patients with premalignant oral lesions (PMOLs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR were performed in 146 tissue and blood samples from controls and patients with PMOLs and OSCC. In PMOL group, significant promoter methylation of MGMT and p16 genes was observed in 59% (P = 0.0010) and 57% (P = 0.0016) of tissue samples, respectively, and 39% (P = 0.0135) and 33% (P = 0.0074) of blood samples, respectively. Promoter methylation of both genes was more frequent in patients with OSCC, that is, 76% (P = 0.0001) and 82% (P = 0.0001) in tissue and 57% (P = 0.0002) and 70% (P = 0.0001) in blood, respectively. Significant downregulation of MGMT and p16 mRNA expression was observed in both tissue and blood samples from patients with PMOLs and OSCC. Hypermethylation-induced transcriptional silencing of MGMT and p16 genes in both precancer and cancer suggests important role of these changes in progression of premalignant state to malignancy. Results support use of blood as potential surrogate to tissue samples for screening or diagnosing PMOLs and early OSCC. PMCID: PMC4058681 PMID: 24991542 [PubMed - in process] 17: Kapoor N, Kumar D, Thakur N. Core attributes of stewardship; foundation of sound health system. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2014 May 23;3(1):5-6. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.52. eCollection 2014 Jun. PubMed PMID: 24987714; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4075105. Stewardship is not a new concept for public policy, but has not been used to its optimum by the health policy-makers. Although it is being practiced in most successful models of health system, but the onus to this function is still due till date. Lately, few experts in World Health Organization (WHO) have realized its importance and have been raising the issue at different platforms to pursue the most important function of the health system i.e. stewardship. The core attributes of stewardship need to be understood in totality for better understanding of the concept. These core attributes, required for hassle free functioning of a health system, include responsible manager, political will, normative dimension, balanced interventionist and proponents of good governance. PMCID: PMC4075105 PMID: 24987714 [PubMed] 18: Singh S, Rani N, Kaushal P, Kumar H, Sharrif A, Roy TS. Anomalous cutaneous branch of median nerve in arm: a report of anatomical variation with clinical implications. Anat Cell Biol. 2014 Jun;47(2):138-40. doi: 10.5115/acb.2014.47.2.138. Epub 2014 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 24987552; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4076422. The objective of the study was to observe and document the variation on the subject of branches of the median nerve. This report will assist clinicians and surgeons by considering anatomical variation associated with the median nerve in interpreting atypical clinical presentations. The arm and forearm region of a 55 year embalmed male cadaver during educational gross anatomy dissection. We found that an anomalous cutaneous branch arising from the median nerve in the right arm which was passing deep to the tendon of the biceps brachii. Later it enters the cubital fossa and then it is accompanied by the superficial vein of the forearm. The other limb of the cadaver did not show any such variation. No other neural, arterial or muscular variation was observed in either of the limbs. A rare anatomical variation in which the anomalous cutaneous branch arising from the median nerve in the right arm which is later accompanied by a superficial vein in