This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to register it. Thanks. Linux© Troubleshooting for System Administrators and Power Users By James Kirkland, David Carmichael, Christopher L. Tinker, Gregory L. Tinker ............................................... Publisher: Prentice Hall Pub Date: April 27, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-13-185515-8 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-185515-1 Pages: 624 Table of Contents | Index Linux is a fast-growing operating system with power and appeal, and enterprises worldwide are quickly adopting the system to utilize its benefits. But as with all operating systems, performance problems do occur causing system administrators to scramble into action. Finally, there is a complete reference for troubleshooting Linuxquickly! Linux Troubleshooting for System Administrators and Power Users is THE book for locating and solving problems and maintaining high performance in Red Hat® Linux and Novell® SUSE® Linux systems. This book not only teaches you how to troubleshoot Linux, it shows you how the system worksso you can attack any problem at its root. Should you reinstall if Linux does not boot? Or can you save time by troubleshooting the problem? Can you enhance performance when Linux hangs or runs slowly? Can you overcome problems with printing or accessing a network? This book provides easy-to-follow examples and an extensive look at the tools, commands, and scripts that make Linux run properly. A troubleshooting guide for all Linux users: Focuses on common problems with start-up, printing, login, the network, security, and more Restore Linux when boot, startup, or shutdown failsand reinstall Linux properly when all troubleshooting fails Explains how to use some of the most popular Linux performance tools, including top, sar, vmstat, iostat, and free Handle storage problems and CPU slamming to ensure high Linux performance Solve hardware device problems by deciphering error messages and using the lspci tool Use backup/recover commands and tape libraries to create proper backups Identify and correct remote and network printing problems using spooler commands Gone are the days of searching online for solutions that are out of date and unreliable. Whether you are a system admin, developer, or user, this book is an invaluable resource for ensuring that Linux runs smoothly, efficiently, and securely. This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to register it. Thanks. Linux© Troubleshooting for System Administrators and Power Users By James Kirkland, David Carmichael, Christopher L. Tinker, Gregory L. Tinker ............................................... Publisher: Prentice Hall Pub Date: April 27, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-13-185515-8 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-185515-1 Pages: 624 Table of Contents | Index Copyright Hewlett-Packard® Professional Books Preface Chapter 1. System Boot, Startup, and Shutdown Issues Bootloaders The init Process and/etc/inittab File rc Scripts Fixing Problems with the Root Filesystem Summary Endnotes Chapter 2. System Hangs and Panics OS Hangs OS Panics Hardware Machine Checks Summary Chapter 3. Performance Tools top sar vmstat iostat free Summary Endnotes Chapter 4. Performance Start Troubleshooting at the Lowest Layer Possible Filesystems Summary Chapter 5. Adding New Storage via SAN with Reference to PCMCIA and USB Configuration Kernel Module Adding LUNs via PCI Adding Storage via PCMCIA/USB Summary Chapter 6. Disk Partitions and Filesystems Background Partition Table/Master Boot Record: Location Partition Table/Master Boot Record: CHS Addressing Partition Table/Master Boot Record: Logical/Extended This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to register it. Thanks. Partition Table/Master Boot Record: Logical Block Addressing (LBA) Partition Table/Master Boot Record: Bootloader Partition Table/Master Boot Record: Backup Further Scenarios Summary Chapter 7. Device Failure and Replacement Supported Devices Where to Look for Errors Identifying Failed Devices Replacement of a Failed Device Summary Chapter 8. Linux Processes: Structure, Hangs, and Core Dumps Process Structure and Life Cycle Linux Threads Identifying Process Hangs Process Cores Summary Chapter 9. Backup/Recovery Media Backup Scope Basic Backup and Recovery Commands Bare Metal Recovery I Have a Tape, and I Don't Know What It Is . . . How Can I Tell Whether My Tape Problem Is Hardware or Software? Summary Chapter 10. cron and at cron anacron at Troubleshooting cron Summary Chapter 11. Printing and Printers What Is a Spooler? Printer Types Connectivity Types Page Description Languages General Printing Troubleshooting Summary Chapter 12. System Security What Is System Security? Prevention Summary Chapter 13. Network Problems An Introduction to the OSI and TCP/IP Layers Troubleshooting the Network Layers Summary Chapter 14. Login Problems /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and Password Aging Login Failures Due to Linux Configuration PAM Shell Problems Password Problems This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to register it. Thanks. Summary Endnote Chapter 15. X Windows Problems X Background X Components X Display Manager X Desktop Manager (Environment) X Troubleshooting Scenarios Summary Endnotes Index This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to regis.ter it. Thanks Copyright Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Novell is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. SUSE is a registered trademark of SUSE LINUX AG, a Novell business. Red Hat is a registered trademark of Red Hat, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: United States Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 [email protected] For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales [email protected] Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Linux troubleshooting for system administrators and power users / James Kirkland . . . [et al.]. p. cm. ISBN 0-13-185515-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Linux. 2. Operating systems (Computers) I. Kirkland, James. QA76.76.O63L54875 2006 005.4'32dc22 2006000036 © Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc. Rights and Contracts Department One Lake Street Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fax: (201) 236-3290 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at R.R. Donnelley in Crawfordsville, IN. First printing, May 2006 . This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to register it. Thanks Dedication To Kristine: Without your love and support, this book never would have happened. To my father and mother, for not killing me when I deserved it and loving me when I didn't. James Stephanie, thank you for your effort and sacrifice, which made this book possible. You remind me every day how strong our love is by the things you do. Sarah and Shannon, thanks for being such sweet daughters and understanding when daddy had so much homework. Mom and Dad, thanks for buying me that Vic 20 back in high school to get me started. Dave Bonnie, my love, thank you for your understanding, sacrifice, and "word-smith" brilliance without which I would still be sitting under that tree in the back yard trying to figure out how to make task_struct flow into a discussion of threads. Steve, Robert, and Greg, you guys are the best. Mom and Dad, thanks for the love you've shown and the incredible work ethic that you have instilled. Chris Kristen, thank you for giving up so many weekends in order to make this effort successful. I also wish to thank my parents and brothers Robert Jr., Steve, and Chris, for being understanding as I missed several family outings in 2005 while working on this endeavor. Greg . sknahT .ti retsiger ot moc.retnesib.www//:ptth ot og esaelp ,cigaMmhC deretsigernu na yb detaerc saw tnemucod sihT This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to register it. Thanks . ® Hewlett-Packard Professional Books HP-UX Cooper/Moore HP-UX 11i Internals Fernandez Configuring CDE Keenan HP-UX CSE: Official Study Guide and Desk Reference Madell Disk and File Management Tasks on HP-UX Herington/Jacquot The HP Virtual Server Environment Poniatowski HP-UX 11i Virtual Partitions Poniatowski HP-UX 11i System Administration Handbook and Toolkit, Second Edition Poniatowski The HP-UX 11.x System Administration Handbook and Toolkit Poniatowski HP-UX 11.x System Administration "How To" Book Poniatowski HP-UX 10.x System Administration "How To" Book Poniatowski HP-UX 11i Version 2 System Administration Poniatowski HP-UX System Administration Handbook and Toolkit Poniatowski Learning the HP-UX Operating System Rehman HP-UX CSA: Official Study Guide and Desk Reference Sauers/Ruemmler/Weygant HP-UX 11i Tuning and Performance Weygant Clusters for High Availability, Second Edition Wong HP-UX 11i Security UNIX, LINUX Ezolt ® Optimizing Linux Performance Fink The Business and Economics of Linux and Open Source Mosberger/Eranian IA-64 Linux Kernel Poniatowski Linux on HP Integrity Servers COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to regis.ter it. Thanks Carlson/Huck Itanium Rising Evans/Trimper Itanium Architecture for Programmers Kane PA-RISC 2.0 Architecture Wadleigh/Crawford Software Optimization for High Performance Computers Weldon/Rogers HP ProLiant Servers AIS: Official Study Guide and Desk Reference NETWORKING/COMMUNICATIONS Blommers OpenView Network Node Manager Blommers Practical Planning for Network Growth Brans Mobilize Your Enterprise Cook Building Enterprise Information Architecture Lucke Designing and Implementing Computer Workgroups Lund Integrating UNIX and PC Network Operating Systems Zitello/Williams/Weber HP OpenView System Administration Handbook SECURITY Bruce Security in Distributed Computing Mao Modern Cryptography: Theory and Practice Pearson Trusted Computing Platforms Pipkin Halting the Hacker, Second Edition Pipkin Information Security WEB/INTERNET CONCEPTS AND PROGRAMMING Amor E-business (R)evolution, Second Edition Anagol-Subbarao J2EE Web Services on BEA WebLogic Chatterjee/Webber Developing Enterprise Web Services: An Architect's Guide Kumar J2EE Security for Servlets, EJBs, and Web Services Little/Maron/Pavlik Java Transaction Processing Monnox Rapid J2EE™ Development This document was created by an unregistered ChmMagic, please go to http://www.bisenter.com to register it. Thanks. Tapadiya .NET Programming OTHER PROGRAMMING Blinn Portable Shell Programming Chaudhri Object Databases in Practice Highleyman Performance Analysis of Transaction Processing Systems Kincaid Customer Relationship Management Lee/Schneider/Schell Mobile Applications Olsen/Howard Windows Server 2003 on HP ProLiant Servers Tapadiya COM+ Programming STORAGE Todman Designing Data Warehouses IT/IS Anderson mySAP Tool Bag for Performance Tuning and Stress Testing Missbach/Hoffman SAP Hardware Solutions IMAGE PROCESSING Crane A Simplified Approach to Image Processing Thomas/Edhington Digital Basics for Cable Television Systems