Life-Cycle and Sustainability of Civil Infrastructure Systems Strauss Frangopol Bergmeister Life-Cycle and Sustainability of Civil Infrastructure Systems contains the Editors lectures and papers presented at the Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Alfred Strauss, Dan M. Frangopol Civil Engineering (IALCCE 2012) held in one of Vienna’s most famous venues, the Editors Hofburg Palace, October 3rd - 6th, 2012. This volume consists of a book of extended and Konrad Bergmeister abstracts and a DVD with 344 full papers presented at IALCCE 2012, including the Fazlur R. Khan Lecture, 10 Keynote Lectures, and 333 Technical Papers from 52 C L countries. i i v f All major aspects of life-cycle civil engineering are addressed, including aging of i e structures, deterioration modeling, durable materials, earthquake and accidental l - loadings, sustainability, fatigue and damage, structure-environment interaction, I C n design for durability, failure analysis and risk prevention, lifetime structural y f optimization, long-term performance analysis, performance-based design, service c r life prediction, time-variant reliability, uncertainty modeling, damage identifi cation, a l e fi eld testing, health monitoring, inspection and evaluation, maintenance strategies, s rehabilitation techniques, strengthening and repair, structural integrity, decision- t a making processes, human factors in life-cycle engineering, life-cycle cost models, r n project management, lifetime risk analysis and optimization, whole life costing, u d artifi cial intelligence methods, bridges and viaducts, high rise buildings, offshore c structures, precast systems, runway and highway pavements, tunnels and t S u underground structures. r u This volume provides both an up-to-date overview of the fi eld of life-cycle and e s sustainability in civil engineering and signifi cant contributions to the decision making t S a process for the purpose of enhancing the welfare of society. The aim of the editors y i is to provide a valuable source of information for anyone interested in life-cycle and n s sustainability of civil infrastructure systems, including students, researchers and t a practitioners from all areas of engineering and industry. e b m i l i s t y o f an informa business LIFE-CYCLEANDSUSTAINABILITYOFCIVILINFRASTRUCTURESYSTEMS TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk PROCEEDINGSOFTHETHIRDINTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMONLIFE-CYCLECIVIL ENGINEERING,HOFBURGPALACE,VIENNA,AUSTRIA,3–6OCTOBER2012 Life-Cycle and Sustainability of Civil Infrastructure Systems Editedby Alfred Strauss UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciences,Vienna,Austria Dan M. Frangopol LehighUniversity,Bethlehem,PA,USA Konrad Bergmeister UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciences,Vienna,Austria CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 2012912 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-203-10336-4 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Life-CycleandSustainabilityofCivilInfrastructureSystems–Strauss,Frangopol&Bergmeister(Eds) ©2013Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-62126-7 Table of contents Preface XXV Acknowledgements XXVII Symposiumorganization XXXI FAZLURR.KHANLECTURE FazlurKhan’slegacy:Towersofthefuture 3 M.Sarkisian KEYNOTELECTURES Lessonsfromthe2011GreatEastJapanEarthquake:Emphasisonlife-cyclestructural performance 13 M.Akiyama&D.M.Frangopol Minimizingtheeffectsofuncertaintyinlife-cycleengineering 21 A.H.-S.Ang Pervasivelifetimeinadequacyoflong-spanboxgirderbridgesandlessonsformulti-decade creepprediction 27 Z.P.Bažant,R.Wendner,M.H.Hubler&Q.Yu Life-cycledesignfortheworld’slongesttunnelproject 35 K.Bergmeister Computationalmethodsfortime-variantstructuralreliabilityanalysis 43 C.Bucher Durabilityrelatedlife-cycleassessmentofconcretestructures:Mechanisms, models,implementation 47 H.Budelmann,A.Holst&A.Wachsmann Life-cycleperformancegoalsforcivilinfrastructureintergenerationalrisk-informeddecisions 55 B.R.Ellingwood Structuraldamageaccumulationandcontrolforlife-cycleoptimumseismic performanceofbuildings 61 L.Esteva,O.J.Díaz-López,A.Vásquez&J.A.León Sustainabledesignofstructures:TheoutcomesoftheCOSTActionC25-WG3 67 R.Landolfo SustainableassetpreservationattheAustrianFederalRailways 69 A.Matthä MINI-SYMPOSIA Vibration-basedhealthmonitoring,damageidentification,andparameter estimationforcivilengineeringstructures Organizers:C.Papadimitriou,G.Lombaert,G.DeRoeck&E.Reynders Dynamicmethodsforhealthmonitoringandstructuralidentificationofbridges 77 F.Benedettini,A.Morassi&F.Vestroni V Structuralhealthmonitoringofacentenaryironarchbridge 78 F.Busatta,C.Gentile&A.Saisi Structuralidentificationofasuper-talltowerbyGPSandaccelerometerdatafusion usingamulti-rateKalmanfilter 79 E.N.Chatzi&C.Fuggini Maintenanceandrehabilitationof19thcenturymasonrybuildings–life-cycleaspects 80 A.Kolbitsch Dynamicdamageidentificationusinglinearandnonlineartestingmethodsonatwo-span prestressedconcretebridge 81 J.Mahowald,S.Maas,F.Scherbaum,D.Waldmann&A.Zuerbes Structuralhealthmonitoringfromon-linemonitoredvibrationmeasurements 82 T.S.Maung,H.-P.Chen&A.Alani DamagedetectionontheChampangshiehlbridgeusingblindsourceseparation 83 V.H.Nguyen,C.Rutten,J.-C.Golinval,J.Mahowald,S.Maas&D.Waldmann FastBayesianstructuraldamagelocalizationandquantificationusinghighfidelity FEmodelsandCMStechniques 84 D.-C.Papadioti&C.Papadimitriou Output-onlystructuralhealthmonitoringbyvibrationmeasurementsunderchanging weatherconditions 85 E.Reynders,G.Wursten&G.DeRoeck InfluenceofthepredictionerrorcorrelationmodelonBayesianFEmodelupdatingresults 86 E.Simoen,C.Papadimitriou,G.DeRoeck&G.Lombaert Hybridgeneticalgorithmtosystemidentificationanddamageassessmentofa high-risebuilding 87 G.S.Wang&F.K.Huang Non-stationaryrandomvibrationforahigh-pierbridgeundervehicularloads 88 X.F.Yin,Y.Liu,J.R.Zhang&C.S.Cai Monitoringofarivetedsteelrailwaybridge 89 V.Zabel,A.Schmidt,I.Reichert&S.Höll FastBayesianambientmodalidentificationwithseparatedmodesincorporating multiplesetups 90 F.L.Zhang&S.K.Au Monitoringandassessmentofbridgesusingnoveltechniques Organizers:A.Strauss&D.M.Frangopol Structuralhealthmonitoringsystemusingrecurrencequantificationanalysisofambient vibration 93 H.Furuta,Y.Nomura,K.Nakatsu&K.Yoshida Somedifficultmonitoringproblemsandsomeinterestingoutcomes 94 B.Harvey&H.Harvey Dynamictestingandstructuralidentificationof“NewPeople’sBridge”inVerona 95 K.Islami,A.Bisson,F.Casarin&C.Modena Ayear-longmonitoringusingin-servicevibrationdatafromamulti-spanplate-Gerberbridge 96 C.W.Kim,S.Kitauchi,K.Sugiura&M.Kawatani Optimisedmonitoringconceptsforhistoricalmasonryarchbridges 97 A.Krawtschuk,O.Zeman,A.Strauss,C.Scheidl,M.Chiari&D.Proske Bayesianforecastingofstructuralbendingcapacityofagingbridgesbasedondynamic linearmodel 98 D.G.Lu&X.P.Fan VI Servicelifemanagementofinfrastructuresystems–applicationofcorrosionand moisturemonitoring 99 T.F.Mayer&Ch.Sodeikat StructuralmonitoringofasteelbridgewiththelongestarchspaninPoland–selectedissues 100 H.Onysyk Newapproachesinevaluatingvibrationandphysicalmonitoringtechniques 101 M.Österreicher,A.Strauss,K.Bergmeister&L.Ibáñez Maintenancelife-cyclecostsforbridgesofEgnatiaMotorway,NorthernGreece, consideringtheirseismicriskassessment 102 P.Panetsos,A.Liolios,K.Liolios,N.Theodoulidis&P.Spyridis Predictionoffatiguedamageaccumulationinmetallicstructuresbytheestimation ofstrainsfromoperationalvibrations 103 C.Papadimitriou,E.-M.Lourens,G.Lombaert,G.DeRoeck&K.Liu Reliability-basedinspectionplanningwithapplicationtoorthotropicbridgedeck structuressubjectedtofatigue 104 R.Schneider,S.Thöns&D.Straub Probabilisticfatiguecrackgrowthmodelingforreliability-basedinspectionplanning 105 R.Schneider,S.Thöns&D.Straub Detectionoftrafficloadsbystructuralandgeodeticmeasurements 106 C.vonderHaar,S.Marx,M.Hansen&H.Neuner Maintenanceandrehabilitationofagedbridges Organizers:M.A.Ahrens&P.Mark Precision-assessmentoflifetimeprognosesbasedonSN-approachesofRC-structures exposedtofatigueloads 109 M.A.Ahrens Structuralflexibilityinrelationtointegratedservicelifedesignofbuildings 110 R.Blok&E.Koopman Modernbridgestockmanagementinaregionalmetropolis–structuralassessment, datamanagementandcostcontrol 111 A.Blome,H.Neuß,P.Mark&U.Lambertz Strengtheningofexistingbridgedecksbyadditionalconcretelayers–newresearch resultsanddesignrules 112 J.Feix&A.Andreatta InspectionandmaintenanceoftheorthotropicdeckofAvonmouthBridge 113 B.I.Frey Assetmanagementandlife-cyclecostoptimizationforbridgesonnetwork,assetand elementlevel 114 M.Hoffmann&A.Kammersberger Analysisofinfluentialfactorsandassociationrulesforbridgedeteriorationusing nationalbridgeinventorydata 115 R.-Y.Huang&P.-F.Chen Examplesofdifferentstrategiesofbridgepreservation:Part1 116 T.Klöker&D.Lehnen Examplesofdifferentstrategiesofbridgepreservation:Part2 117 D.Lehnen&T.Klöker Researchoncomputationalmethodontheflexuralbearingcapacityofaboxgirder strengthenedwithcarbonfibersheets 118 X.Liu,W.Wang,Y.Chen&Y.Wei VII Technicalcycleofmodernbridgemaintenance–anoverview 119 P.Mark,M.A.Ahrens&Ch.Fust Theapplicationofsacrificialcathodicprotectionasacorrosioncontrolmeasurefor theprotectionofreinforcedconcretebridges 120 M.Moore,F.Jesmin,S.Tao&A.Beedles Nondestructiveevaluationofstressstateofsteelbarsreinforcingconcrete structures 121 E.Schneider,S.-K.Balijepalli,Ch.Boller,P.Bindseil&W.Kurz Bridgemanagementandeffectivetoolstoensuresustainableconstructionschedules 122 T.Tzaveas Predictionmodelsforageing/deterioration Organizer:M.Petschacher SelectivemaintenanceplanningbasedonaMarkovianapproach 125 N.Basso,E.Garavaglia&L.Sgambi Analyticalpredictionmodelforconcretecovercrackingduetoreinforcement corrosion 126 E.Bohner&H.S.Müller Numericalanalysisofdegradationprocessesinreinforcedconcreteduring life-cycle 127 F.Cramer,U.Kowalsky&D.Dinkler Optimalnextinspectiontimeforbridgesbasedoncorrosiondeterioration 128 D.DeLeón,C.González-Pérez,V.Bisadi,P.Gardoni,M.Head&S.Hurlebaus Modellingofthesaturationbehaviourofhardenedcementpasteduringfreezingand thawingaction 129 Z.Djuric,M.Haist,H.S.Müller&E.H.Hardy Seismicintensityparametersasdamagepotentialdescriptorsforlife-cycleanalysisof buildings 130 A.Elenas,Ast.Liolios,L.Vasiliadis,M.Favvata&Ang.Liolios BridgemaintenanceeducationsystembasedonE-learning 131 T.Koyama,K.Ishibashi,K.Nakatsu&H.Furuta Structural,economicandenvironmentalperformanceoffibrereinforcedwoodprofilesvs. solutionsmadeofsteelandconcrete 132 C.Manthey,E.Guenther,A.Heiduschke&P.Haller Astochasticpredictionmodelofdegradingprocessfortunnelmanagementsystems 133 O.Maruyama,A.Sutoh,H.Tanaka&T.Satoh Remaininglifepredictionofanagedbridgebasedonfieldinspections 134 A.Miyamoto Gammaprocessesforthedegradationanalysisofengineeringstructures 135 A.Strauss,H.AbebeDemissie&K.Bergmeister Bridgeconditionassessmentbasedonlong-termstrainandvehiclemonitoring 136 L.M.Sun&S.W.Sun Aconsiderationonthedeteriorationoftunnelliningbasedonactualinspection data 137 A.Sutoh,O.Maruyama,T.Sato&H.Nishi ReliabilityofdeteriorationpredictionwithMarkovmodelformooringfacilities 138 H.Yokota,K.Furuya,K.Hashimoto&S.Hanada VIII SPECIALSESSIONS Performancebasedevaluationofcorrosioninreinforcedandpre-stressed concretestructures Organizer:U.Schneck Corrosion-inducedcrackingevolutionandreliabilitypredictionofagingRCstructures 141 H.-P.Chen&N.Xiao Durabilityofcoolingtowerconstructionsandmethodsoftheirrepairandreinforcement 142 M.Kaminski&M.Maszczak ProbabilisticassessmentforstructuralperformanceofportRCstructure 143 E.Kato,Y.Kawabata,M.Iwanami&H.Yokota Theimpactofresistivityonpotentialmapping 144 S.Keßler&C.Gehlen Non-destructivecorrosionsurveys:Methodsandopportunities 145 U.Schneck Approachesfornon-destructivecorrosionsurveysofbridgedecksfromthesoffitand undertraffic:Acasestudy 146 U.Schneck Life-cycledesignofconcretestructuresunderconsiderationofadvancingreinforcement corrosion 147 C.Siegert&M.Empelmann Predictionofremainingservicelifeofcrackingconcreteboxgirderbridges 148 Y.Xiang,J.Xu,L.Liu&X.Li Life-cycleandreliabilityassessmentofanchoragesystemsinconcrete,masonry andsteelconstruction Organizers:R.Mihala&J.Hofmann Aspectsoflong-termbehaviourofpower-actuatedfasteningsmadetosteelandconcrete 151 H.Beck Time-to-failurebehaviorofepoxybasedbondedanchorsystems 152 R.Blochwitz,J.Hofmann,R.A.Cook&T.M.Davis Sustainedloadperformanceofadhesiveanchorsystemsinconcrete 153 T.M.Davis,R.A.Cook,R.Blochwitz&J.Hofmann Servicelifedesignforbondedanchors–arheologicalapproach 154 T.Kraenkel,D.Lowke&C.Gehlen Gluingtomasonryforefficientandsustainableanchoring 155 C.Kurz&J.Hofmann Implementationofthebasicrequirement“sustainability”onconstructionworks accordingtotheconstructionproductsregulationinthefieldofanchortechnology 156 G.Lange Durabilityoftemporaryanchorsinrock 157 A.Rieder,D.Marini,G.Estrafallaces&A.Strauss DurabilityproofofsteelmetalscrewsinaccordancewithEuropeantechnicalapprovals 158 M.Siemers Serviceabilityandultimatelimitstatesforanchoragesinconcrete–effectsofassemblytolerances 159 P.Spyridis,A.Unterweger,S.Lachinger&K.Bergmeister IX