INSIDE PLUS Sharing the Music of © A President Made of Butter Rachmaninoff © Robert Frost: A Poet's Perspective Preserving Our National © How to Register for Copyright Film Heritage ‘LIBRARY’ OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2013 . PRESIDENTIAL ~P RMOMEENTSC IN EINADUGUREAL NHISTTORY S+.... » Lu gr i ee @ € 4 4 ® 4 Lad .,L e # LIBRARYOF GONGRESS WWW.LOC.GOV 6 The plaster bust of President Thomas Jefferson in the Library’s Great Hall is a copy of a work by the French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741-1828). Carol M. Highsmith, Prints and Photographs Division In This Issue. JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2013 FEATURES 8 From Russia, with Music A collaboration between the Library and a Moscow museum reunites the musical works of composer Sergei Rachmaninoff. 1 0 Presidential Precedents Presidential inaugurations are watershed points in American history. Four such events reflect both the times and the lives of the men who took the oath. 1 6 Preserving “These Amazing Shadows’ ‘The National Film Registry of the Library of Congress celebrates its 25th year of identifying films of cultural, historical or aesthetic significance. a The inauguration of James Buchanan at the Capitol on March 4, 1857, was the first to be captured using the new technology of photography. John Wood, Papers of Montgomery C. Meigs, Manuscript Division DEPARTMENTS ON THE COVER: Presidential F ; inaugurations were moved 2 Going to Extremes 20 _~— First Drafts nessa aia 3 Trending at the Library 22 HowDol...? the Capitol to the West Front for President Ronald 4 Technology at the Library 23 ‘Favorite Places Reagan in 1982, facing 5 Online Offerings 24 Around the Library the great National Mall. ; ; They have been held there 5 For You at the Library 25 News Briefs ove deca; wcuiding tile 6 Page from the Past 26 = Shop the Library one, for President Barack ' . Obama on Jan. 20, 2009. 7 Curators Picks 27 Support the Library Photo |S usan Walsh, 28 Last Word Associated Press / Corbis CONNECT ON Twitter: @librarycongress Flickr: flickr.com/photo/library_of_congress YouTube: youtube.com/libraryofcongress Library of Congress blogs: blogs.loc.gov Facebook: facebook.com/libraryofcongress LCM online: loc.gov/Icm January/February 2013 |w ww.loc.gow/Icm | 1 ° = bis te CAN'T BELIEVE IT’S BUTTER IT’S A WELL-KNOWN FACT that Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president in U.S. history. He was 42 when he took the oath of office on Sept. 14, 1901, following William McKinley’s assassination. But few may know that his likeness has been sculpted in butter no less than four times. The “Rough Rider” was rendered in butter at the 1898 and 1910 Minnesota State Fairs, and two dairy depictions of Roosevelt—a portrait bust and a cowboy on horseback—were on display at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair. Next to cows—the source of the milk- based medium—political figures remain a popular subject for butter sculptures at fairs and expositions. But why was the 26th president so often immortalized this way? Roosevelt’s military victories as assistant secretary of the Navy and his popular presidency might explain it. But he was also a hero in the heartland for preserving the purity of butter. His legislative efforts, which resulted in the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and paved the way for creation of the Food and Drug Administration, dealt a blow to butter’s French rival— oleomargarine. —Audrey Fischer # Modeled in butter, “The man on horseback” equestrian statue of President Theodore Roosevelt by an anonymous North Dakota sculptor was displayed at the St. Louis World's Fair, 1904. Image copyrighted by C.L. Wasson (International View Co.), 1905. Prints and Photographs Division 4€ Roosevelt in a candid shot. M.J. LeClerc, 1910. Prints and Photographs Division 2 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine @ RED-CARPET CAMPAIGNING a THE MOVIES AND POLITICS often go hand-in-hand—whether it’s films based on political figures and themes, like “Lincoln,” “Hyde Park on | Hudson” and “The Campaign,” all released in 2012—or celebrities making | political statements or endorsements. A coveted honor for anyone involved in making motion pictures is an Oscar statuette, presented at the Academy Awards. The 85th annual Academy Awards airs Sunday, Feb. 24. This annual event often gives a nod to politically charged films or provides a platform for honorees to air their LINCOLN views during their acceptance speeches. During the 1975 Academy Awards, with the Vietnam War nearly over, | Bert Schneider—accepting an award for the anti-war documentary “Hearts and Minds”—tread a telegram from a Viet Cong official thanking Americans for “the liberation of South Vietnam.” After receiving angry telegrams backstage, host Bob Hope composed a draft disclaimer on the back of a telegram for his co-host Frank Sinatra to read. A facsimile of the disclaimer, along with other items connecting politics to entertainment, is currently on view in the Library's exhibition, “Hope for America: Performers, Politics & Pop Culture.” “All the President’s Men” (1976), the film based on the non- fiction book of the same title by Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein about the Watergate scandal, won four Oscars: best supporting actor (Jason Robards), best adapted screenplay, best art direction and best sound. It was also nominated for best picture. Not only is the film included in the Library’s National Film Registry (see story on page 16), but a scene from the film was shot in the Library's Main Reading Room. Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman as Woodward and Bernstein The Academy of are shown poring over Library materials as the camera moves Motion Picture Arts upward to capture the vast expanse oft he circular space. and Sciences, which Other Oscar-winning films with a political bent included on the registry administers the Academy Awards, is are “All the King’s Men” (1949), best picture, best actor (Broderick one of the Library’s Crawford) and best supporting actress (Mercedes McCambridge); digital preservation “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington” (1939), best original story; “The Manchurian Candidate” (1963), with nominations for best supporting partners. actress (Angela Lansbury) and best film editing; and “Young Mr. Lincoln’ (1939), nominated for best original screenplay. —Erin Allen is a writer-editor in the Office of Communications. © MORE INFORMATION www.loc.gov/film “Lincoln,” courtesy of Dreamworks Studios; “The Campaign,” courtesy of Warner Brothers Entertainment; “Hyde Park on Hudson,” courtesy of Focus Film; “All The King’s Men,” courtesy of Warner Brothers Entertainment January/February 2013 |w ww.loc.gov/Icm 3 technology: PRESERVATION EN MASSE ACID-FREE PAPER IS COMMON TODAY, BUT FOR MORE THAN 100 YEARS, BOOKS AND OTHER MATERIALS WERE PRINTED ON ACIDIC PAPER, WHICH YELLOWS, TURNS BRITTLE AND FALLS APART WHEN EXPOSED TO LIGHT, HIGH HUMIDITY AND AIR POLLUTION. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, in an effort to ‘The deacidification process treats acidic paper extend the life and utility of its collections for with an alkaline agent to neutralize the existing future generations, has been deacidifying millions acid and prevent further decay. The treatment of books and manuscripts. Programs started increases the lifespan of a book or paper from 300 in 1995 for bound volumes and in 2002 for to 1,000 years, depending on the condition of the manuscripts. item when treated. ” Karel Richardson, a materials handler, Books go to Cranberry, Pa., for treatment, PTLP has worked with the Library to make Preservation Division, and manuscripts get their alkaline bath in the improvements. It has refined the magnesium monitors the de- James Madison Building on Capitol Hill. The oxide; enclosed the overall system, thereby saving acidification tank as it work at both sites is performed by Preservation expensive carrier solution; and improved the fills with magnesium Technologies, Limited Partnership (PTLP) of agitation or “flutter” that ensures the pages are dioxide fluid. Cecelia Pennsylvania, which uses a process known as thoroughly treated. The Library also enhanced its Rogers Bookkeeper. workflow and improved efficiency. “Creating smaller particles of magnesium oxide eaee was really key, really important,” said Drewes. Smaller particles of magnesium oxide, which is the alkaline agent, allow for better penetration into the fibers and more successful treatment. The carrier solution, which carries the magnesium oxide into the fibers, is an expensive, fast- evaporating liquid. In a closed system, the treatment cylinder or basin has a lid, preventing evaporation of the carrier solution. Once treatment is finished, the remaining liquid is recovered and sent through a filtering and recycling system. PTLP and the Library also adjusted the agitation to increase “flutter,” allowing the magnesium oxide to get properly into the book’s gutter and inner margin, where the paper is most stressed. In addition, Drewes has integrated mass deacidification with other workflows to improve efficiency. New books that arrive at the Library with acidic paper are sent for treatment, as it is “The technology has not changed appreciably, but easier to treat them before they are shelved than there have been some important improvements,” to pull them later. Items that have been pulled for said Jeanne Drewes, chief of the Binding and binding and other care are also tested and treated. Collections Care Division in the Library’s Preservation Directorate. Through 2012, the Library has treated 3.6 million books and nearly 10 million single sheets. —Donna Urschel is a public affairs specialist in the Office of Communications. LCM | Library of Congress Magazine es = @ ie Fis attinhtaes#t = i,: Es@ s: @ -f aF VIETNAM WAR: LOOKING BACK FIFTY YEARS AFTER IT BEGAN, the Vietnam War ; : remains part of the nation’s collective consciousness. Frank Jeannin Tomlinson For the veterans who served during this era, this War conflict has particular meaning. | To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the | Branch: Ai: Vietnam War, the Veterans History Project (VHP) Unit: in the Library of Congress is highlighting a series of collections from this era. The first two of several | installments titled “Vietnam War: Looking Back” are accessible online. These interviews represent Service Location: uy a wide variety of branches, service locations, and Frank Tomlinson, Hawaii [1954] military roles; collectively, they illuminate the dramatic—and ongoing—effects of the war on those who participated. Congress created the Veterans History Project in 2000 to collect, preserve and make accessible the firsthand remembrances of America’s war veterans from WWI through the current conflicts, so that future generations may hear directly from veterans and better understand the realities of war. Rank: | © MORE INFORMATION Place of Birth: Read more at the Veterans History Project website Le www.loc.gov/vets FOF YOUa rtH e usrary REFERENCE SERVICES FROM THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS A DECADE AGO, the Library of Congress began offering an online reference service known as “Ask a Librarian.T”h e service allows researchers to submit questions directly to each of the Library's reading rooms to receive expert research assistance, typically within five business WHERE: Via the web . WHERE: Response provided ‘The Ask a Librarian service receives bya l ibrarian within five nearly 60,000 inquiries annually, from business days across the country and around the globe. COST: FREE I ; n response to the volume of queries, the Library's Digital Reference Section has created numerous bibliographic guides to online and print resources. Ask a Librarian www.loc.gov/rr/askalib Digital Reference Section www.|oc.gov/rr/program/bib/bibguide.html January/February 2013 |w ww.loc.gov/Icm KING HOLIDAY CREATED BY 1983 LAW With more than 5 million items Tam lAlelet s formats, the Law Library of Congress contains the world’s largest collection of law books and other resources from all countries and provides online databases and guides to legal information worldwide. Among these are the U.S. Statutes at Large, the official source for the laws and resolutions passed by the U.S. Congress. Contained in Volume 9/ is Public Law 98-144, al right, which established the Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday in 1983. Passage of the legislation culminated a 15-year movement to establish a celebration commenoraling Dr. King’s contributions to the civil rights movement in the United States. Legislation to honor the slain civil rights leader by designating his Jan. 15 birthday a federal holiday was first introduced following his 1968 assassination, and in each subsequent Congress through the 98th. In 1983, the House and Senate approved legislation making the third Monday in January a federal holiday in honor of King, beginning in 1986. President Ronald Reagan signed Public Law 98-144 in the Rose Garden at the White House on oCLLfioa bnwrg arreys s Nov. 2, 1983, noting, “Dr. King had awakened something strong and true, a sense that true justice must be colorblind.” © MORE INFORMATION Photo | Prints and Photographs Track the legislative history of the King Holiday Division thomas.loc.gov Visit the Law Library www.loc.gov/law 6 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine HONORING A GIFT OF HEBRAICA PEGGY PEARLSTEIN, HEAD OF THE HEBRAIC SECTION OF THE AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN DIVISION, SHARES HER FAVORITE ITEMS FROM THE EXHIBITION, “WORDS LIKE SAPPHIRES: 100 YEARS OF HEBRAICA,” ON DISPLAY THROUGH APRIL 13. 1. The Washington 3. Talmud for Holocaust Haggadah (1478) Survivors (1948) “This image from ‘The Published in Germany Washington Haggadah’ in 1948, this 19-volume depicts preparations for edition of the Talmud Passover. Completed was created for and signed by the well- Jewish survivors of known scribe and artist the Holocaust living Joel ben Simeon in in Displaced Persons 15th-century Germany, Camps after World War ‘The Washington ll. It is dedicated to the Haggadah’—the “United States Army Library’s most ... who played a major important illuminated role in the rescue of the Hebrew manuscript— Jewish people from total takes its name from its annihilation ...” and who home in the nation’s facilitated the Talmud’s capital.” publication. “The drawing at the bottom of the page shows a Nazi labor camo 2. The Song of lined with barbed wire Solomon (2001) and the image at the top “Israeli artist Tamar portrays palm trees and Messer created this a panorama of the Holy modern edition of the Land,” noted Pearlstein. biblical Song of Songs, ts 117 verses are 4. Jewish Marriage customarily attributed Contract (1936) _ : os rag Sy na nee Bek ps UA to King Solomon. The yrs) ron“ 31 pana ipAD ya wR “This pastel-hued bright colors in each of ketubbah is from the a :-“ *h ootm ies Gntox any cen beD De nea nyne . ree 3 the 20 prints stunningly ; 4%SU G \T S 4E) P 8) Ta) E a eae_ Iranian Kurdistan city La 98 pre Hy OFRKS O D Ips ps ‘aid 4 llustrate the flora, of Bijar, which had a omen pn ht SAT RE hith 2 A fauna and landscapes se ayy POETDA SS =A community of 650 Jews of ancient Israel.” before their emigration 5. Memory of Jerusalem (1743) to Israel. A ketubbah, “Printed in Constantinople—the center of Hebrew a Jewish legal marriage printing in the Orient during the 18th century— contract, spells out the ‘Memory of Jerusalem’ by Judah Poliestri was a guide groom’s obligations to for pilgrims in the Holy Land. The woodcut on this his wife.” page represents the ancient Temple in Jerusalem. This item came to the Library as part of Jacob Schiff's Hebraica gift in 1912, which put the nation’s library on a par with the great libraries of Europe.” © MORE INFORMATION Visit the “Words Like Sapphires” exhibition myloc.gov/exhibitions/words-like-sapphires Visit the Library's Hebraic Section www. loc. gov/rr/amed/hs/hshomhet.m l Photos / African and Middle Eastern Division January/February 2013 |w ww.loc.gow/Icm 7 two-year collaboration between the Library of Congress and a Moscow museum brings 8 ae ? : 4 together the original music manuscripts of Map one of the 20th century's great composers— 4, works that had been separated over the decades by thousands of miles and the Russian Revolution. ‘The Library of Congress and the Glinka National Museum Consortium of Musical Culture between them hold nearly all of the original manuscripts of Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873-1943), best known for his great “Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini,” Piano Concerto No. 2, Prelude in C-sharp Minor and “Vocalise,” among other works. ‘The institutions digitized their manuscripts over the past two years and formally exchanged copies in a ceremony at the Library. The exchange allows musicians and scholars, for the first time, to study the composer's manuscripts side by side. “Our ultimate goal in entering into this = project was to make these important . research materials as accessible J \ "=. as possible to researchers a\ ity and performers,” said Jan *%: ; Lauridsen, assistant chief of the Library’s Music Division. LCM | Library of Congress Magazine - Se