LIBERTY AND RELIGION STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL AND REFORMATION THOUGHT EDITED BY HEIKO A. OBERMAN,Tucson,Arizona INCOOPERATIONWITH THOMASA.BRADY,Jr.,Berkeley,California Al\lDREWC.GOW,Edmonton,Alberta SUSANC.KARANT-NUl\'N,Tucson,Arizona JURGENMIETHKE,Heidelberg M.E.H.NICOLETTEMOUT, Leiden ANDREWPETTEGREE,St.Andrews MANFRED SCHULZE,Wuppertal VOLUMELXXXII CHRISTINE KOOI LIBERTY AND RELIGION LIBERTY AND RELIGION CHURCH AND STATE IN LEIDEN'S REFORNIATION, 1572-1620 BY CHRISTINE KOOI BRILL LEIDEN .BOSTON· KOLN 2000 Thisbook isprintedon acid-free paper. LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Kooi,Christine. Libertyandreligion :churchandstateinLeiden'sReformation, 1572-1620 / Christine Kooi. p. em.- (Studiesinmedievaland Reformationthought,ISSN 0535-6914 ; v.82) Includesbibliographicalreferencesand index. ISBN9004116435 (alk.paper) I.Reformation-Nctherlands-Leidcn. 2. Leidcn (Netherlands)- Church history-16thcentury. 3.Reformed Church-Nctherlands- Lcidcn- History - 16thcentury. 4.Church and state-Nethcrlands- Lciden- History- 16thcentury. 5. Leidcn(Netherlands)- Churchhistory- 17thcentury. 6.Reformed Church-Ncthcrlands-Leiden- History- 17thcentury. 7.Church andstate- Netherlands- Leiden- History- -17thcentury. I.Title. II. Series. BR395.K66 2000 274.92'38-dc21 00-039817 CII' DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnalune Kooi, Christine: Libertyand religion : churchandstateinLeiclen'sreformation, 1572 -1620/ byChristineKooi.- Leiden;Boston ;Koln :Brill,2000 (Studiesinmedievalandreformationthought ;Vol.82) ISBN90-04-11643-5 ISSN 0585-6914 ISBN 9004 116435 ©Copyright2000byKoninklijkeBrill:-.IV, Laden,TheNetherlands Allrightsreserved.Nopartqfthispublicationmaybereproduced, translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyarrymeans,electronic, mechanical,/lhotocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwritten permission.fromthepublisher. Authorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonal useisgrantedbyBrillprovidedthat theappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTIeCopyright ClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDnie,Suite910 Danversil4A01923, USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. PRI:-.ITED INTilE:-.IETHERLANDS Formyparents CONTENTS Acknowledgments IX ListofAbbreviations XI Introduction . Interpretationsofthe Dutch Urban Reformation 2 Chapter One Leiden in the Late Sixteenth Century 19 Chapter Two Building a Church, 1572-1579 . .. .. .. .. .. . 29 Chapter Three Schism in the Public Church, 1579-80 55 Chapter Four A "Minor Matter": The Question of "Genevan" Discipline 90 The Excommunication of Caspar Coolhaes 91 The Disciplining of Pieter Hackius WI The Leicester Conspiracy 118 Chapter Five The Second Generation of Conflict: Arminiansand Gomarists 125 Remonstrantsand Counter-Remonstrants 132 Chapter Six Public Church, Private Belief: The Tolerated Congregations 162 "Baptist Errors":Mennonites 165 "Inappropriate Conventicles":Lutherans 170 "Papist Impudence": Roman Catholics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Vlll CO;\lTENTS Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 The Reformation in the Dutch Cities 204 Appendix The Text of the ArbitralAccord 217 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221 Indexes Index ofPersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Index ofPlaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Index ofSubjects 241 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Goodfortunepermitted me to research,writeand rewritethisbook at two fine institutions, the historydepartments ofYaleUniversity and Louisiana State University. lowe many people a debt of thanks for their help and support along the way. Thisstudybegan as a Ph.D. dissertation at Yaleunder the direc tion of Lee Palmer Wandel. Her unstinting encouragement,good humor and friendship contributed greatly to my development as a scholar and teacher.To hergo my heartfelt thanksfor teachingme to think about religion and reformation in new ways. Juliaan Woltjer, emeritus professor of history at the University of Leiden, originally suggested this topic to me, and he has gener ously shared his encyclopedic knowledge ofearly modern Dutch history and his infectious enthusiasm for it with me ever since. I especially appreciate our conversations over afternoon tea in his attic studyduring my stays in Leiden. My thanksalsogotothescholarswhohavereadandcommented upon all or parts of this manuscript in its various stages: Guido Marnef,John Michael Montias, Nicolette Mout, Heiko A. Ober man,GeoffreyParker,JamesTracyand David Underdown.Their suggestions and sound advice have improved this work immeasur ably.My special thanks go to Prof. Heiko A.Oberman for accept ing this book in his series "Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought." Archivistsand librarians on both sidesoftheAtlantic,especially the staffof the Municipal Archive of Leiden, provided indispens able assistance and advice. I am particularly grateful to Dr.Joke Roelevink ofthe Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis in The Hague for allowing me to consult a typescript copy of the acts of the Leiden classis. x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During my stays in Leiden, I relied greatly on Rene and Ina Vanhaelen andJanna Vanhaelen for moral and logistical support. From all of them I have learned much about the salutary Dutch virtue of hospitality. My special thanks go to Gary Miller for being such a loyal and steadfast comrade in the scholarly trenches. At LSU Ihave been fortunateenough to find myselfin the com pany of fine historians and good friends: Maribel Dietz, Gaines Foster, Penelope Harper, Sue Marchand, Paul Paskoff, Charlie Royster,ChuckShindoandVictorStater. For theircompanionship and camaraderie I am deeplygrateful. Mylargestdebtistomy family,especially mymotherand father, who encouraged me in this endeavorfrom beginningto end. They are my first teachers, and they have my loveand gratitude. C.K. Baton Rouge, LA December [999