« Liberalising Fisheries Markets Scope and Effects Liberalising Over the past several decades, the fishing sector has experienced dramatic changes. Fisheries Markets Production and trade have increased considerably. The relative importance of developing countries has grown as they expanded their fishing efforts and as a result of over-fishing in Scope and Effects OECD countries. Aquaculture production has expanded significantly. And many of the stocks of fish species in international trade are either fully or over-exploited while a number of other stocks are depleted or recovering. Previous rounds of multilateral trade negotiations have produced positive outcomes for the trade in fish products. However, there remain a number of market measures that can hinder trade. Is there scope for further liberalisation in the world fisheries sector? What are the key trade and market measures on which policy attention should be focused? What will further trade liberalisation mean for the sustainability of fish resources? This publication reviews the significant changes that have taken place in the world fisheries sector and provides an in-depth analysis of the prospects for and potential effects of further market liberalisation in L the sector. It also contains an inventory of market measures and policies in place in OECD ib e countries. A principal outcome of the study is that there is room for further market r a liberalisation in the trade in fish and fish products. lis in g F is h e r ie s M a r k e t s : S c o p e a OECD's books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via www.SourceOECD.org, our online library. n d This book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD themes: E Agriculture and Food f f e Ask your librarian for more details on how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at c [email protected] ts www.oecd.org ISBN 92-64-19986-1 53 2003 02 1 P -:HSTCQE=V^^][[: © OECD, 2003. © Software: 1987-1996, Acrobat is a trademark of ADOBE. All rights reserved. OECD grants you the right to use one copy of this Program for your personal use only. Unauthorised reproduction, lending, hiring, transmission or distribution of any data or software is prohibited. You must treat the Program and associated materials and any elements thereof like any other copyrighted material. All requests should be made to: Head of Publications Service, OECD Publications Service, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. Liberalising Fisheries Markets Scope and Effects ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: – to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; – to contribute to sound economic expansion in member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and – to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28thApril1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7thJune1971), New Zealand (29thMay1973), Mexico (18thMay 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22ndNovember 1996), Korea (2thDecember1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). Publié en français sous le titre : La libéralisation du secteur de la pêche Sa portée et ses effets © OECD 2003 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, tel. (33-1) 44 07 47 70, fax (33-1) 46 34 67 19, for every country except the United States. In the United States permission should be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508)750-8400, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, or CCC Online: www.copyright.com. All other applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this book should be made to OECD Publications, 2,rueAndré-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. FOREWORD Foreword* I n its Programme of Work2000-2002, the Committee for Fisheries launched a Study of Fisheries Market Liberalisation, with the following objectives: A study that will explore world and regional fish trade flows, issues and problems. This will include an analysis of how fisheries trade and production are likely to be affected by reductions in present tariff levels and by changes in non- tariff barriers. In addition the study will explore the effects of changes in restrictions on investment, access to services, subsidies in the fisheries sector, as well as other relevant factors. The Committee for Fisheries has so far developed an inventory of tariff and non-tariff measures, relevant government financial transfers, investment and service measures in fisheries across OECD countries, a database on tariff measures, an analytical framework and has started the major work on analysing the effects of market liberalization for each of the seven measures identified. The analytical framework developed for the Study emphasises the central importance of the level of resource exploitation and the fisheries management regime in determining the extent to which market liberalisation will affect trade and resource sustainability. These linkages are increasingly gaining attention in international discussions on fisheries market liberalisation. The study has relevance for the WTO Doha process and has also links to developments in other international fora dealing with fisheries related issues, in particular: ● the FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity and the FAO International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Un-regulated Fishing, and ● actions undertaken by the relevant regional fisheries management arrangements in accordance with UNCLOS and the UN Fish Stock Agreement. The Study is the fruit of comprehensive discussions of various issues related to fisheries market liberalisation within the Committee for Fisheries. Due to the importance of the work carried out and the timeliness with developments in other international fora, in particular the launch of the WTO multilateral trade negotiation following the Doha Declaration, the Committee decided to make this work available to the public. In finalising this work the Committee also adopted a Statement, Executive Summary and Synthesis Report highlighting the key points emanating from the Study. At its 90th Session in October2002 the Committee for Fisheries decided to make this work and its supporting material available to the public. * This foreword was adopted as a Statement by the Commitee for Fisheries meeting in October2002 3 LIBERALISING FISHERIES MARKETS – ISBN 92-64-19986-1 – © OECD 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Synthesis Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2. Trends in the Fisheries Trade and Resource Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3. Trade, Investment and Market Policies in Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4. Analytical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5. Market Liberalisation: Special Cases with Implications on Resources and Trade . . . . . 29 6. Linking Theory to Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7. Conclusions and Further Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Chapter 1. Markets and Resource Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2. Overview of the State of Major Fisheries Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3. Overview of Trade in Fishery Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4. Groundfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5. Tuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 6. Shrimp and Prawns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 7. Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 8. Herring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 9. Mackerel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 10. Sardine and Pilchard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11. Cephalopods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 12. Fishmeal and Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Chapter 2. Preliminary Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2. Tariff Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 3. Non-Tariff Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4. Government Financial Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5. Sanitary and Hygiene Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6. Technical Import Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 7. Access to ports/Joint ventures/Over-the-side sales/Direct landings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 8. Restriction on Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 9. Restrictions on Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Chapter 3. Analytical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 A. Proposal for an Analytical Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 5 LIBERALISING FISHERIES MARKETS – ISBN 92-64-19986-1 – © OECD 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 3. High Seas Fisheries (which are not subject to management regimes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 4. Fisheries Operating in Third Countries under Bilateral Access Agreements . . . . . . . . 154 5. Under-exploited Fisheries with Development Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 6. Summing Up and Some Final Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 B. Effects of Liberalising trade in Fish, Fishing Services and Investment in Fishing Vessels 161 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 2. Management Regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 3. Fishery Dynamics under Open Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 4. Effects of Removing Barriers to Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 5. Trade in Fish Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 6. Government Financial Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 7. Investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 8. Trade in Fishing Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 9. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 C. Effects of Trade Liberalisation on Supply in Selected Fisheries Management Regimes 198 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 2. Supply Response in Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 3. Supply Responses in Shared Stocks and High Seas Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 4. Stocks under Bilateral Access Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 5. Supply Response in Under-exploited Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 6. Supply Response in Multi-species Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 7. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Chapter 4. Inventory of Trade and Other Measures: National Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Chapter 5. Inventory of Investments Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 The OECD Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 6 LIBERALISING FISHERIES MARKETS – ISBN 92-64-19986-1 – © OECD 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Chapter 6. Case Studies and Other Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Japan: Impact of market liberalisation on fishery resources: a case of tuna fishery . . . . . 310 Japan: The Economy of Flag-of-Convenience Tuna Fishing Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Japan: Analysis of Factors Determining the Decreasing Trends of Bigeye Tuna Resources in the Indian Ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Spain: Some experience from the Spanish fishing sector: non tariff measures and solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 World Trade Organisation Tariff and Information Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 7 LIBERALISING FISHERIES MARKETS – ISBN 92-64-19986-1 – © OECD 2003 PREFACE Preface T his Study is the fruit of comprehensive discussions of various issues related to fisheries market liberalisation within the Committee for Fisheries as part of its Programme of Work2000- 2002. In finalising this work the Committee also adopted a Statement (see Foreword), Executive Summary and Synthesis Report highlighting the key points emanating from the Study. At its 90th Session in October2002, the Committee for Fisheries decided to make this work and its supporting material available to the public. Acknowledgments. This report has been prepared with the active participation and help from Member countries of the OECD. Particular assistance was provided by the Danish, Norwegian and Korean authorities through various secondments. These included Mr. Max Nielsen (on secondment from the Danish Research Institute of Food Economics) who was responsible for the development of the tariff analysis, Ms. Trine Trollvik (seconded from the Norwegian Seafood Export Council) who was instrumental in building the tariff data base and Mr. Ki-Jeong Jeon (on secondment from the Korean fisheries authorities) who is the author of the chapter on Markets and Resource Trends. The OECD’s Fisheries Division provided overall guidance and co-ordination in the development of this study. 9 LIBERALISING FISHERIES MARKETS – ISBN 92-64-19986-1 – © OECD 2003 ISBN 92-64-19986-1 LIBERALISING FISHERIES MARKETS Scope and Effects © OECD 2003 Executive Summary LIBERALISING FISHERIES MARKETS – ISBN 92-64-19986-1 – © OECD 2003