~~-~-----Received 28 October 2007; revised and accepted 08 December 2007------ Libel/ago orri sp. nov. from northern Borneo (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae) Rory A. Dow1 & Matti Hamalainen2 1 6 Bramley Avenue, Coulsdon, Surrey, CRS 2DP, UK. <[email protected]> 2 Department of Applied Biology, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. <[email protected]> Key words: Odonata, dragonfly, Chlorocyphidae, Libel/ago orri, new species, Malaysia, Sarawak, Borneo ABSTRACT Libel/ago orri sp. nov. (holotype d: Borneo, Sarawak, Bahagian Bintulu, Samarakan, Sg. Gagak, 06 iii 2006, to be deposited in BMNH) from Malaysian Borneo is described from the male sex and compared with L. hyalina, which co-occurs at the same sites. Females of the two species cannot be reliably separated at present. INTRODUCTION The Chlorocyphidae are well represented on the island of Borneo; Orr (2003) lists 20 species (plus one probable synonym), two of which-Rhinocypha viola Orr, 2002 and Sundacypha striata Orr, 1999 -were described within the last decade. Seven species of Libellago Selys, 1840 have previously been recorded from the island. In March 2006 RD was granted permission to collect Odonata within the Planted Forest Zone (PFZ) in Bahagian Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo-a large area of Acacia plantations managed by Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd (GP). Within the PFZ there are several protected areas. Collecting was carried out in three of these areas: Bukit Sarang, an area of secondary alluvial and mixed swamp forest surrounding two small limestone hills, currently a Conservation Area, and a proposed National Park (ca 150 km2); the Sungai (= Sg.) Philip at Samarakan, a stream in the 'Glen Forest' -a corridor of old secondary lowland mixed dipterocarp forest protected as a Re creational Forest by GP; and Binyo Penyilam, a Conservation Area consisting of a large area of secondary peatswamp forest. Collecting was also carried out at the Sg. Gagak, a stream similar to and close to the Sg. Philip, but in an Acacia plantation. A previously undescribed Libellago species, allied to L. hyalina (Selys, 1859) and occurring syntopically with that species at most sites, was collected at all of the above mentioned locations. This species, described here as L. orri sp. nov., is apparently confined to lowland forest habitats in Bahagian Bintulu. It is closely related to L. hyalina, but males differ in size, proportions, coloration and markings; females of the two species are at present inseparable. The new species was compared with speci mens of L. hyalina from locations across Sarawak and from mainland south-east Asia. All specimens were examined using stereomicroscopes. Measurements were made with the aid of a measuring eyepiece calibrated to a known scale. Terminology used here follows that in Watson & O'Farrell (1991). International journal of Odonatology 11 (1) 2008: 27-34, pl. II 27 ---- Dow & Hamalainen -- Libel/ago orri sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2a, 3a, b, Plate II) Etymology This species is named in honour of Albert George Orr, author of 'Dragonflies of Borneo', and our friend and collaborator. Bert's fascination with, and love of, the Chlorocyphidae is well known. It was with his encouragement that RD began to visit Sarawak, leading eventually to the discovery of this species. Specimens examined Holotype d: Borneo, (East Malaysia), Sarawak, Bahagian Bintulu, Samarakan, Sg. Gagak, 06 iii 2006, leg. RD, to be deposited in BMNH (London).- Paratypes, a total of 2 7 d, all from Sarawak, Bahagian Bintulu: Bukit Sa rang, all at small streams and pools in secondary freshwater swamp forest, 1 d, 01 iii 2006, leg. RD; 2 d, 02 iii 2006, leg. RD; 1 d, 02 iii 2006, leg. Supiandi; 1 d, 03 iii 2006, leg. Lim Chan Koon; Samarakan - 2 d, Sg. Philip, 05 iii 2006, leg. RD; 2 d, Sg. Gagak, 06 iii 2006, leg. Chin Sing Yun; 9 d, Sg. Gagak, 06 iii 2006, leg. RD; Bin yo Penyilam, all at the Sg. Penyilam; 1 d, 08 iii 2006, leg. RD; 1 d, 09 iii 2006, leg. Azizan Juhin; 2 d, 09 iii 2006, leg. RD; 1 d, 10 iii 2006, leg. Azizan Juhin; 1 d, 10 iii 2006, leg. RD; 3 d, 11 iii 2006, leg. RD. Para types are placed in the follow ing collections: BMNH (London), RMNH (Leiden), Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (Odawara), coli. M. Hiimalainen, coli. R.A. Dow and coli. A. G. Orr. - Other specimens: L. hyalina for comparison, a total of 44 d and 24 9: 22 d, 59 from locations across Sarawak in coli. Dow; 22 d and 19 9 from main land south-east Asia in coli. Hiimiilainen. Diagnosis A hyaline winged Libellago species lacking a flattened anterior facet in the rhinarium (ante- and postclypeus). Male abdomen with pale cerulean dorsal markings (Plate Ila); unlike males of L. hyalina, the markings are not reddish in the teneral stage and the abdomen does not acquire a metallic sheen with maturity. Description of holotype male Head: Labium with postmentum, basal half of prementum and basal one quarter of palps pale yellow, the remainder shining black. Base of mandibles with large yellow marks (Fig. 1a). Labrum and anterior surface of rhinarium (ante- and postclypeus) shining black, as is the ridge separating the anterior and posterior surfaces of rhinarium. Posterior surface of rhinarium matt black with baso-lateral yellow marks and a smaller and fainter pair of dorso-lateral yellow marks. Rhinarium without a flattened anterior facet. Genae with broad yellow marks, these markings extending upwards in a narrow line along the eye margin as far as the end of the second antennae segment (pedicel). The visible part of pedicel largely yellow. The flagellum of antennae black. Frons and vertex matt black with yellow markings (Fig. 1b). Thorax: Prothorax black with yellow markings as follows (Figs 1c, d). A broad hori zontal band occupying much of the anterior part of the anterior lobe and small lateral marks on the posterior part of the anterior lobe. Large subtriangular lateral 28 International Journal ofOdonatology 11 (1) 2008:27-34, pl. II ------------Libel/ago orri sp. nov. from Borneo ----------- markings on the median lobe and a pair of very small spots dorsally. A transverse band across the posterior lobe, extended mid-dorsally for a short distance both anteriorly and posteriorly. Synthorax black with yellow stripes and markings as follows (Fig. 1e). Antehumeral stripe narrow, extending for about% of the length of mesepisternum, then interrupted and continuing as a shorter and very narrow stripe in the posterior half of mesepisternum. A long, narrow curved stripe running below the humeral suture on mesepimeron. Small, narrow transverse marks just below the antealar crest in metepisternum and mesepimeron. Metepisternum largely occupied by a complicated hooked yellow marking as in Figure 1e. Metepimeron with broad yellow band, extended vertically at its upper end. A faint brown, subtriangular marking at the lower end immediately adjacent to the posterior coxa. Mesinfraepi sternum with a rectangular yellow mark in its lower posterior corner, a smaller pale brown mark in the corresponding part of metinfraepisternum, contiguous with the brown marking on metepimeron. Ventral side of synthorax largely black, with the poststernum yellowish brown. Coxae largely black, with yellow or pale brown stripes on posterior side. Trochanters black with obscure brownish markings. Femora and tibiae black. - Wings (Fig. 2a) all hyaline but with a faint brownish tint. Fw with 7-8 Ax and 12 Px; Hw correspondingly with 8 and 11. Arculus in line with Ax 2 or slightly distal to it. Quadrilateral crossed once, ending at Ax 5 or proximal to it (right Fw). Subquadrilateral of 3 cells, strongly angulated where the arculus meets it. Three (left) or four (right) crossveins between subcosta and R+M proximal to the subnodus. 1A arises at Ax 1 or just proximal to it, Ac just distal to or in line with Ax 1. 1A meets wing margin variably at or between Px 5 and 6. CuP in Fw meets wing margin between Px 7 and 8, in Hw between Px 6 and 7. MA meets wing mar gin at Px 11 in Fw and at or distal to Px 10 in Hw. R arises around Ax 3, meets wing 4 margin roughly in line or just proximal to proximal end of Pterostigma. IR arises 3 at Ax 3 or distal to it, meets wing margin approximately in line with distal end of Pt. R arising in line with or distal to Px 2, meets wing margin distal to Pt. Two cell 3 rows between R and Rspl for most of length after first cell, 5-7 cells at wing mar 4 gin. Pt very dark brown, covering two entire underlying cells (one in right Fw) and between lh and ¥3 of the ones at either end. Abdomen: Short and moderately broad, widest at S3-4, somewhat dorso-ventrally flattened (Figs 3a, b). Black with pale cerulean markings as noted below. S1laterally with a broad marking occupying the distal 213 and extending dorsally for a short distance in its distal third. Dorsally with a small apical middorsal spot close to the posterior carina, aligned with a tiny spot on the carina itself. S2 laterally with a roughly oval longitudinal central mark and a larger, transverse mark at the distal a u Figure 1: Head and thorax of Libel/ago orri sp. nov. - (a) head, lateral view; (b) head, dorsal view; (c) prothorax, lateral view; (d) prothorax, dorsal view; (e) synthorax, lateral view. International journal of Odonatology 11 (1) 2008: 27-34, pl. II 29 -------------Dow & Hamalainen end, extending onto the dorsal surface for a short distance. Dorsally with a narrow middorsal stripe, expanded at around the middle of the segment, narrowing and expanding again in the apical quarter before narrowing to meet the posterior carina, tapering to the front and not quite reaching the base of the segment. S3 laterally with an elongate longitudinal mark in the anterior two-thirds, extended downwards at its apical end, and a smaller, roughly oval, transverse mark at the distal end, extending a short distance onto the dorsal surface. Dorsally with a middorsal stripe, slightly wider than that on S2, somewhat irregular and not quite reaching the posterior carina. 54-8 dorsally with broad pale cerulean markings, and occupying most of the dorsal surface of the segments (Fig. 3b). S8 also with a pair of tiny, faint apical brownish yellow marks. S4 laterally with a small faint anterior mark and a small anterior mark just in front of the posterior carina joined to the dorsal mark by a narrow stem. S5-8laterally with a very faint dark brown anterior mark, small and obscurely shaped. 59 black with a very faint pale central middorsal marking. S10 entirely black. Ventrally the abdomen is largely black, with narrow yellowish lines at the boundaries between segments and dark brown areas bordering the midventral sternum on the middle segments. Anal appendages black, typical for the genus. Penis structure is quite similar to that of other Libel/ago species, e.g. L. hyalina. Measurements [mm]: Fw 18.2, Hw 17.9, abdomen 12.4 (excl. appendages), superior appendages 0.9. Variation in paratype males There is considerable variation in the colour of the pale markings, and the extent of some of them, amongst the para types. Part of this variation is related to age. In three teneral males examined the pale markings are bright, pale yellow, the pale markings on the labium are reduced, the transverse band on the posterior lobe of the thorax is reduced to pale marks in the corners and on the mid-dorsal line, there are lateral markings on 54-8, similar to those on S3 of the holotype, and with the posterior mark variably extended onto the dorsum, but with the anterior marking larger and diffuse. The dorsal marking on S9 is larger and clearer than in the holotype. With age the yellow coloration changes to a pale dull orange-brown colour and then to the pale cerulean colour seen in the holotype, with greenish intermediates. On the abdomen these colour changes begin on the anterior segments first. The pale markings on the labium appear to become more extensive with age, but perhaps this character also varies independently of age. The transverse band on the posterior lobe orri hyalina Figure 2: Wings of two Libel/ago species in comparison -(a) L. orri sp. nov.; (b) syntopic L. hyalina. 30 International journal of Odonatology 11 (1) 2008:27-34, pl. II -----------Libel/ago orri sp. nov. from Borneo----------- of the prothorax varies between the reduced condition seen in the teneral specimens to the complete band seen in the holotype. The lateral markings on S4-8 fade with age, starting at S8. The posterior markings disappear rapidly, but the anterior ones are present as faint brown patches on many specimens, becoming fainter from S4 to S8 and often only easily visible on S4, if present at all. The dorsal mark on S9 fades with age. The posterior part of the antehumeral stripe is often absent or reduced to a faint spot, sometimes a faint spot is visible on one side but not on the other. In the three teneral paratypes, one has antehumeral stripes as in the holotype, another has no posterior part of the stripe and the third has the posterior part present only on the left-hand side as a faint spot, suggesting that variation in this character is independent of age. The large marking on the metepisternum exhibits little variation, but in some individuals one or more of the hooked extensions is interrupted, leaving a spot isolated from the main marking; this variation appears to be independent of age. The small apical middorsal markings on S1, present in the holotype, are absent in many of the paratypes. The dorsal marks on S2-3 exhibit apparently age independent variation. In many of the para types both are very narrow, and almost straight sided, with no lateral expansions. The S2 mark is often present only on the posterior three quarters or two-thirds of the segment. In a few specimens the S3 marking is broadly expanded in the central third of the segment, sometimes (as in Fig. 3b) the lateral parts of this marking are also expanded forwards to create a trilobed marking. The dorsal markings on S8 are variable in their apical half; in some individuals they extend back nearly to the posterior carina, in others they barely reach into the apical half. The small apical markings seen in the holotype may be absent, or larger and are sometimes joined to the larger mark. Again, variation here appears to be age independent. The wings, especially the hind wings, are tinted with brown to different degrees, varying between barely tinted to heavily tinted. The wings of the teneral material examined are barely tinted, but the tint is variably developed in older specimens, suggesting that age is not the only factor in its development. Wings with 6-8 Ax, 10-13 Px in the Fw and 8-13 in the Hw. Measurements [mm]: Fw 17.1-18.7, Hw 16.7-18.4, abdomen 11.8-12.9 (excl. appendages), superior appendages 0.8-0.9. Females Separation of females of L. hyalina and L. orri is problematic. No interaction was observed between L. orri males and any females, however very little interaction was observed between L. hyalina males and females, even at the Sg. Sarang at Bukit Sarang, where L. hyalina was exceptionally abundant when collecting was con ducted. At the Sg. Gagak, where no males of L. hyalina were collected or observed, a number of females were collected and, given the apparent absence of male L. hya lina, these appear likely to be L. orri. In life the pale markings of these females, and some females from other locations where both species were found, were distinctly greenish (Plate lib), whereas in supposed and confirmed L. hyalina females from various locations in Sarawak the pale markings are yellow without any green col oration. However no reliable differences have been detected in the shape or size of the markings, or in structure, of these females, and in preserved specimens the col oration is the same in all. It is possible that all females collected were actually L. hyalina, and that the female of L. orri remains unknown; the resolution of this issue awaits the collection of copulating pairs of L. orri. International Journal ofOdonatology 11 (1) 2008:27-34, pl. II 31 - -- - ---Dow & Hamalainen DISCUSSION Libel/ago orri is the eighth species of Libel/ago to be found on Borneo, and the fifth to be recorded from Sarawak. It belongs to that group of Libel/ago in which the rhinarium is entirely lacking a flattened anterior facet between the ante- and post clypeus (Lieftinck 1950: 632 [footnote]; Hamalainen 2002). Of the species known to occur in Sarawak, only L. semiopaca (Selys, 1873) posses such an anterior facet. The new species is clearly differentiated from all other known Libel/ago species by its coloration and markings. In particular it is separated by all Libel/ago species known to occur in Sarawak, except for L. hyalina, by the absence of dark markings on the distal portion of the Fw. Males of L. orri and L. hyalina are easily separated by the coloration and mark ings of the male abdomen; L. orri has no bright red coloration on its abdomen at any stage, as found in immature L. hyalina males, nor does it ever develop an entirely dark abdomen with purplish metallic reflections (Fig. 3c), as found in mature L. hyalina males. On the other hand there are no marked differences in the colour pattern of male thorax; the complicated hooked yellow stripe on metepisternum is quite similar in L. hyalina and L. orri. Moreover, L. hyalina syntopic with L. orri are larger than L. orri (Figs 3b, c), with an average Hw length of 18.6 mm in hyalina compared with 17.6 mm in orri and an average abdomen length (excl. appendages) of 13.0 mm in L. hyalina compared with 12.3 mm in L. orri. There are also some differences in the relative proportions of the two species. In L. hyalina from Bahagian Bintulu the ratio of the distance from wing base to nodus, to the distance from nodus to Pt is 0. 78 in the Fw and 0.88 in the Hw, in L. orri the corresponding ratios are 0.85 and 0.96 respectively (Figs 2a, b). The problem of differentiating females of L. hyalina and L. orri was discussed above, at present no character that reliably separates the females of the two species is known. It may be that females of L. orri and L. hyalina are not distinguishable unless taken in copula, the resolution of this issue awaits the capture of tandem pairs of L. orri. Figure 3: Abdomen of two Libel/ago species in comparison-(a) L. orri, lateral view; (b) same, dorsal view; (c) syntopic L. hyalina, dorsal view. 32 International Journal ofOdonatology 11 (1) 2008:27-34, pl. II Libel/ago orri sp. nov. from Borneo ----- It should be noted that populations of L. hyalina from different areas of Sarawak vary quite considerably in size. Populations from Bahagian Kuching and Bahagian Samarahan in west Sarawak are smaller than those from Bahagian Bintulu, ap proaching L. orri in size. Populations of L. hyalina from Bahagian Miri in north-east Sarawak are larger than those from the west but smaller than those from Bahagian Bintulu. We have very little information about the biology and ecology of L. orri. All of the known locations are in lowland forest (either secondary or acacia plantation). Its habitat requirements appear to be very similar to those of L. hyalina, with which it occurs syntopically at all locations except for the Sg. Gagak, which runs through an acacia plantation. The apparent absence of L. hyalina from the Sg. Gagak, where L. orri was very abundant when collecting was carried out, suggests that L. orri may be more tolerant of disturbance than L. hyalina. The preferred habitat of both species is clearly sluggish forest streams with a bed of sediment, although both are sometimes found on pools in swamp forest, with reproductive activity probably requiring some water flow. However the nature of the surrounding forest, the depth of the water and its pH, vary considerably between the different locations. No agonistic displays or courtship behaviour were observed from L. orri males and no interaction was observed between L. hyalina and L. orri. The presence of a forest species with an apparently limited distribution such as L. orri on a highly disturbed plantation stream such as the Sg. Gagak is noteworthy. The facts that the species is present on the less disturbed Sg. Philip not far away and that, unusually in plantations in Sarawak, the undergrowth has been allowed to grow in GP's acacia plantations, are both likely to be significant in this regard. To the author's knowledge GP is the only company managing plantations in Sarawak that maintains a conservation office, and the conservation efforts of the company are the best in any plantations in Sarawak, due to the hard work and enthusiasm of the small group of staff employed in this regard. GP should be encouraged to maintain and improve apon their current conservation practices. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS RD would like to thank Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd for permission to collect Odonata within the PFZ, and Rob Stuebing, Conservation Officer of GP at the time that col lecting was carried out, and all of his staff, especially Chin Sing Yun, Azizan Juhin and Stephen Singki, for much assistance both in the field and with transport, ac commodation etc. The people of Rumah Joseph at Binyo Penyilam provided much help in the field, and hospitality at their longhouse. Ah Kong, the Cave Manager at Bukit Sarang, and his staff provided accommodation and valuable assistance in the field. He would also like to thank the Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC) and Sarawak Forestry Department for granting permission to collect in Sarawak, and for much other assistance. In particular Lim Chan Koon of the SFC assisted in the field at Bukit Sarang, and with arrangements for travel and accommodation. We are grateful to Albert Orr for making the illustrations and for his valuable com ments on the text. Both authors have received support from the SYNTHESYS Project <http:/www.synthesys.info/> which is financed by the European Community Re search Infrastructure Action. International journal of Odonatology 11 (1) 2008: 27-34, pl. II 33 -------------Dow & Hamalainen ------------- REFERENCES Hamalainen, M., 2002. Notes on the Libel/ago damselflies of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with description of a new species (Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae). Odonatologica 31: 345-358. Lieftinck, M.A., 1950. Additions to the odonate fauna of South East Asia, with descriptions of two new genera and three new species. Treubia 20: 631-645. Orr, A.G., 2003. A guide to the dragonflies of Borneo: their identification and biology. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. Watson, j.A.L. & A.F. O'Farrell, 1991. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). In: Naumann, I.D., P.B. Carne, j.F. Lawrence, E.S. Nielsen, J.P. Spradbery, R.W. Taylor, M.j. Whitten & M.j. Littlejohn (eds) "The insects of Australia," 2nd edition, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 294-310. 34 International Journal of Odonatology 11 (1) 2008: 27-34, pl. II