ICMART LEXICON of Medical Acupuncture HUNGARY HUNGARY NATIONAL/REGIONAL PRACTICES Type(s) of Medical Acupuncture most commonly practiced: 1.Traditional Chinese Medicine 2.Auriculomedicine in accordance Nogiere and latest development on auriculomedicine. 3.Microsystems ( Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture, Oral-acupuncture, Su-jok system, e.t.) 4.Related techniques: Neuraltherapy, Electroacupuncture, EAV, Magnetotherapy, Soft-Laser therapy, Bioresonance therapy, as special form of physiotherapy Definitions 1.Traditional Chinese Medicine: The current name for an ancient system of health care from China. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is based on a concept of balanced qi (pronounced "chee"), or vital energy, that is believed to flow throughout the body. Qi is proposed to regulate a person's spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical balance and to be influenced by the opposing forces of yin (negative energy) and yang (positive energy). Disease is proposed to result from the flow of qi being disrupted and yin and yang becoming imbalanced. Among the components of TCM are herbal and nutritional therapy, restorative physical exercises, meditation, acupuncture, and remedial massage. 2.Auriculomedicine : Auriculotherapy is a clinically effective treatment modality utilized for the relief of acute/ chronic pain and the alleviation of substance abuse. The external ear has been shown to have a somatotopic organization in an inverted fetus pattern, wherein each part of the auricle corresponds to a specific part of the body. Detection of electrical conductance and tenderness palpation can reveal specific auricular reflex points which can be stimulated to alter pathological reflex patterns in the brain, in internal organs, and in different peripheral regions of the musculoskeletal body. 80 3.Microsystems: The development, systems, theory, clinical uses, and holograms of microacupuncture. Every part of the body can function as an energetic reflection of the body as a whole, both diagnostically and therapeutically. The Front Mu points and back Shu are an early microsystem. Each of the 12 Mu-Shu levels defines a torso reflex zone. The tongue and radial pulses function classically as diagnostic microsystems. Anatomy, as well as Sheng and Ke cycle 5-element phases, can be reflected in pulses. The ear microsystem developed first by Nogier is discussed above mentioned.. A table outlines 42 microsystems and is accompanied by 13 pages of sketches of the holograms involved in each system. Details of each system, from scalp (YNSA ), face, and nose, to foot and hand, are discussed. Sometimes 2 or more holograms can exist for 1 body part, as with Nogier's 3 phases and a Chinese system for the ear. There is also the Fitzgerald-Ingham foot and hand system contrasted with Yoo's Korean Koryo Chim hand approach that is very detailed and exacting in use. A US and German tooth system (Gleditsch oral system) coincide. A metacarpal linear system (Zhang Ying-Qing) is proposed as embryo containing the information of the whole organism (ECIWO). It is proposed that every long bone of the body might contain this 12-point system. Almost a half century of investigations by many researchers backs the validity of microsystems. These many systems make us give less credence to the conventional premise that there are definite acupuncture points and therefore, non-acupuncture points. Micro-acupuncture systems could be used to treat body conditions of pathology. These micropoints, like their larger meridian cousins, have relatively high electrical permeability and they appear to consist of energy networks. Some systems, such as hand and foot, could be taught to the public and even used by children as first aid procedures (eg, finger acupressure). 4.Neural therapy is an injection technique known to provide instant relief of pain, increased motion and return of function for some problems not able to be helped by other methods. In 1925, two German physicians, Ferdinand and Walter Huneke discovered that procaine and lidocaine anesthetics caused immediate resolution of pain symptoms when injected into scars, nerves and tissues. Nowadays we use Xyloneural injection. 81 Nerves work by having a normal nerve flow. Nerves monitor and control all the body's parts. Muscles move because of nerve flow to them. The heart beats because of nerve flow controlling it. All the special senses and internal organs work due to the control of the nerves. The nerve flow is critical to the sensation, function and movements of the entire body. When nerves become damaged through surgery, injury, falls, burns, and so forth, this vital nerve flow is broken. The broken nerve flow is like a short circuit in your house wiring. Pain, lack of motion, loss of function, poor endurance and many other body control malfunctions result from broken nerve flow and remain until the nerves are fixed. Everyone knows that local anesthetics block pain. The new information is that local anesthetics restore normal nerve flow. When the nerve flow is restored, the function and energy are instantly corrected. The pain and other sensory problems also instantly improve or resolve entirely. The nerve flow is restored by the exact placement of local anesthetic into and around the precise nerves involved. The injections are done with a very thin needle by a physician specifically trained in post-doctoral work in neural-fascial therapy. Cortisone is never used by doctors specifically trained in neural-fascial therapy. Fascial means tissue. This fascial tissue interconnects all the body's parts. In science there is a law which states that structure determines function. Thus a pain and lack of function can result. In falls, hits and pulling injuries, structure is altered without visible scar formation. Tissue becomes squished or compressed. Since the structure has been changed, the function becomes abnormal. Neural-fascial therapy is often ideal for this problem. The tiny needle injecting a volume of local anesthetic restores the structure similar to a bicycle pump blowing up a flattened tire. Once the structure is restored, the function returns quickly and without side effects. The exact palpation leads to points to needled, which are often acupuncture points. 5.Other related techniques: As the mechanic energy can be applied to the bioactive points as acupuncture, so could be applied other energy: magnetic, electric, electromagnetic, as a part of special physiotherapy for having effect to the body. 82 C. Education/Training Requirements Medical Acupuncture Theoretical Clinical Proficiency Preliminary Modality Hours Hours Testing Practice TCM 600 600 Y Y Auriculoth- 80 120 Y Y Microsystems 60 60 Y Y Related techn. 40 40 Y Y CORE CURRICULUM TCM: Yin-Yang Theory: The basic concept of the Yin-Yang theory; applications of Yin-Yang theory in TCM Five Element Theory: the basic concepts of the Five Element theory; applications of the Five Element theory in TCM; classification of objects according to Five Element theory Causes of disease in TCM: *External causes: Six Vicious Energies *Internal causes: Seven Emotions Pathological changes in TCM: Ba-Gang theory, pathological changes in Six Meridians The principles of treatment in TCM Terminology of TCM Basic theory in Acupuncture Meridians Diagnosis in TCM Four methods of diagnosis Diagnosis by observation (including tongue diagnosis) Diagnosis by hearing and smelling Diagnosis by interrogation Diagnosis by palpitation (pulse diagnosis) Bagan Bian Zheng (8 Principle Syndromes Diagnosis) 83 Organ Diagnosis (Zang/Fu Bian Zheng) Qi and Xue Diagnosis 4 Level Diagnosis (Wei, Qi, Ying, Xue Bian Zheng) 6 Channel Diagnosis (Liu Jing Bian Zheng) Chinese Herbology Introduction to Chinese Herbology: *Brief history *four Energies of herbs *Five Flavours of herbs *connection between energies & flavours of herbs, movement of herbs *meridian-directing herbs *conventional pairing of herbs *methods of taking herbs *dosage of herbs *storage of herbs *processing of herbs Classification of herbs: approximately 200 of the most frequently used herbs will be discussed in detail Chinese Acupuncture I Distribution and functions of the meridians: *the 12 meridians *the 15 main collateral meridians *the branches of the 12 meridians *the 12 muscular meridians *the twelve skin areas Clinical applications of meridians in diagnosis and treatment Classification of acupuncture points, including the acupuncture points on the 14 major meridians; extraordinary points, pressure points Action of acupuncture points Specially marked points 84 Locating acupuncture points of the 12 meridians History, Terminology of TCM and Chinese Language (only short) Brief introduction to the history of TCM, Chinese language pinyin writing and the spoken Mandarin form, as well as commonly-used TCM terms. Clinical Observation, Qi Gong Practice Observation of doctors' or senior students' clinical practice Preparing Acupuncture treatment Practicing Qi Gong Practicing Moxibustion Learning basic needle techniques Learning basic Tui-na (Chinese Massage) techniques Understanding clinical procedures Communication Skills, Ethics Regulations of Traditional Chinese Medicine practioners and acupuncturists Communication skills with patients, within and across health care providers groups Ethics in TCM, and acupuncture Clean needle technique Clinical training program (practice management) Acupoint Locations Discussing the main 12 channel locations by using different acupoint location methods, functions, symptoms and clinical applications. Focus on the acupoints anatomic locations and point combinations TCM Internal Medicine Introduction of basic concepts of disease mechanism, symptoms and treatment of internal diseases. The following diseases will be discussed as to causes, pathological mechanisms, symptom differentiation, treatment principles and methods: *Heart diseases *Liver and gallbladder diseases *Lung diseases *Kidney diseases *Spleen and Stomach diseases *Other organ diseases 85 TCM Gynecology The characteristics of women's physiology Causes and pathological changes in women's diseases Diagnosis in women's diseases 5 broad categories of women's diseases: *Diseases of menses *Diseases of morbid leucorrhoea *Diseases of pregnancy *Postpartum diseases *Women's miscellaneous diseases Common children's diseases: cold and flu, cough, asthma, pneumonia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion, convulsion, epilepsy, urinary disorders, blood diseases, perspiration, infectious diseases, slow development, etc. Formulas ( most important ones) *Formulas for relieving the exterior syndrome *Purgative formulas *Harmonizing formulas *Formulas for eliminating heat *Formulas for eliminating summer heat *Formulas for warming the interior *Formulas for eliminating both exterior and interior syndrome *Tonification formulas *Formulas for calming the mind *Formulas for opening the orifice *Formulas with astringent effects *Formulas for regulating qi *Formulas for regulating blood *Formulas for relieving wind syndromes *Formulas for dryness *Formulas for eliminating dampness 86 *Formulas for eliminating phlegm *Formulas for relieving food stagnation *Formulas for eliminating mass and accumulation *Parasite expelling formulas *Emetic formulas *Formulas for relieving carbuncle Chinese Acupuncture II Acupuncture insertion and technique Scalp acupuncture Ear acupuncture Extra points and updated new points Eight extra meridians and their points Channel syndrome diagnosis and treatment Five Senses Diseases and Pediatrics Etiology and pathogenesis of the five sense organs; diagnosis and treatment of common disorders in them. Common children's diseases: cold and flu, cough, asthma, pneumonia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion, convulsion, epilepsy, urinary disorders, blood diseases, perspiration, infectious diseases, slow development, etc. Tui Na I This subject provides students with general information in terms of Tui Na. The basic anatomy and Tui Na techniques will be discussed in classes based on different areas of the body. Indications and contraindications of Tui Na will be introduced as well. Clinical Pre-practice Qi Gong practice Chinese Acupuncture III Treating internal diseases by using acupuncture therapy, digestive disorders, respiratory disorders, heart and blood vessel disorders, nutritional disorders, urinary disorders, male symptoms Treating women's and children's disorders using acupuncture therapy Treating other diseases using acupuncture therapy 87